F.E. Warren AFB Wind Farm The First Air Force Wind Farm in the - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

F.E. Warren AFB Wind Farm The First Air Force Wind Farm in the Continental US Dr. F. Robert McGregor, P.E., Senior Associate AMEC Kenneth Davis, P.E., Chief of Design 90CES/CECE, Warren AFB Ernesto J. Perez, Contracting Officer Representative AFCEE 1

Project Summary • Capacity: 1.32 MW (two 660 kW turbines) • Capital: 2.52 M (Energy Conservation Investment Program (ECIP) Funds • O & M: $25,000/yr • Payback: 12 Years • Complies with Executive Order 12902 to use “renewable energy technologies” 2

Keys to Success � Have a Vision � Know your Values and Limitations • Energy Independence • Value of Power • Base Security • Site Limitations • Economics • Green Energy � Celebrate Success • Photo Tour � Know your Resource • Getting Started • Detailed Studies � Have a Good Team • Base • Outside Specialists 3

Know Your Resource � Getting Started • National Renewable Energy Laboratory Maps • Wind Classifications - 4 to 5 (Good) - 5+ (Excellent) 4

Know Your Resource � Detailed Studies • Amount of Power in the Wind • Wind Data Presentation and Analysis • Turbine Performance and Energy Production Estimates 5

3 P = ½ x D a x V w Where: P = Power in Watts/m 2 D a = Air Density in Kilograms/m 3 V = Wind Velocity in m/s The Power in the Wind: Cube of Wind Speed 6

Wind Shear: Wind Speed vs. Height above Ground Level 7

Warren AFB #2 Wind Data 70 60 Wind Speed (m/s) 50 40 30 20 10 0 4-Jan-02 14-Jan-02 24-Jan-02 3-Feb-02 13-Feb-02 23-Feb-02 5-Mar-02 15-Mar-02 Date Wind Speed vs. Time 8

ECHO 01 WIND SPEED DISTRIBUTION (WEIBULL CURVE) - APRIL 01 0.25 0.2 Probability 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 0-3 mph 3-6 mph 6-9 mph 9-12 mph 12-15 15-18 18-21 21-24 24-27 27-30 30-33 33-36 36-39 40+ mph mph mph mph mph mph mph mph mph mph Wind Speed Wind Speed Frequency Distribution 9

0.25 0.2 0.15 X 0.1 0.05 0 0-3 mph 3-6 mph 6-9 mph 9-12 12-15 15-18 18-21 21-24 24-27 27-30 30-33 33-36 36-39 40+ mph mph mph mph mph mph mph mph mph mph mph Frequency Distribution Power in the Wind 25.000 20.000 2 ) /m Y(W 15.000 IT = S N E D R 10.000 E W O P 5.000 0.000 0-3 3-6 6-9 9-12 12-15 15-18 18-21 21-24 24-27 27-30 30-33 33-36 36-39 40+ mph mph mph mph mph mph mph mph mph mph mph mph mph mph WIND SPEED Wind Power Density Function 10

25.000 20.000 2 ) /m (W 15.000 Y IT S N E D R 10.000 E W O P 5.000 0.000 0-3 3-6 6-9 9-12 12-15 15-18 18-21 21-24 24-27 27-30 30-33 33-36 36-39 40+ mph mph mph mph mph mph mph mph mph mph mph mph mph mph WIND SPEED Wind Power Density Function 11

N Outer numbers are averaged Site Number: 0115 TIs for that sector Start Date: 2002-03-01 .14 End Date: 2002-04-30 Inner circle = 0% .16 Outer circle = 40% .10 NW NE .18 .10 .15 .11 .14 W E .12 .18 .12 .15 .12 SW SE .11 .11 .10 Percent of Total Time S Percent of Total Wind Energy Wind Direction: “Wind Rose” 12

Diurnal Wind Speed Pattern Site Number: 0115 Start Date: 2002-03-01 End Date: 2002-03-31 50 45 40 Wind Speed in MPH 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Hours Diurnal Wind Speed 13

Site 0115 20M Met Tower Dec 2002 Site 6015 50M Met Tower ON LOAN FROM WAPA Dec 2003 1 ANEMOMETER – 20M 1 WIND VANE – 20M PROVIDED BY DoD-WIDE RENEWABLES ENERGY IN SERVICE DEC 2002 ASSESSMENT PROGRAM 2 ANEMOMETERS – 50M 1 ANEMOMETER – 40M 1 ANEMOMETER – 30M 1 WIND VANE – 50M 1 WIND VANE – 37M IN SERVICE DEC 2003 Wind Resource Evaluation 14

25.0 20.0 Site WS (m/s) 15.0 10.0 y = 1.3251x + 0.4413 5.0 R 2 = 0.8665 0.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 Airport 10m (m/s) Correlation with Long Term Airport Wind Data 10.0 9.0 8.0 Wind Speed (m/s) 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 15 Airport 10m LT Airport 10m LT 50m WS (m/s)

P t /P o (P t /P 0 ) = (1/2) (1 - (v 2 / v 1 ) 2 ) (1 + (v 2 / v 1 )) = Power extracted / Power in the wind (Theoretical maximum = 0.59) Wind Turbine Performance 16

Turbine “Power Curve” Wind Turbine Performance 17

Wind Power Chart for Vestas 660 1000.0 Power 900.0 in the wind 800.0 Turbine 700.0 Output Total KW for 600.0 1735 m2 KW 500.0 Vestas 660 (advertised) 400.0 300.0 200.0 100.0 0.0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 Wind Speed m/s Turbine Output Wind Turbine Performance 18

Capacity Factor: Estimated Production / 100% Production of Installed Capacity = 4400 MWh / 11,563 MWh = 0.38 or 38% (Good) > 40% Very Good > 45% Best Wind Turbine Performance 19

Wind Turbine Performance 20

� Have a Good Team • Base and Outside Specialists Licensing evaluation and strategy • Site identification and • assessment Environmental impact • Evaluation of wind resource assessment • Electrical grid integration and • • Liaison with electric utility connection Planning approvals and permits • • Land use and availability Public involvement program • Site assessment and due • planning and implementation diligence Site design and layout • • Negotiation with land owners Site optimization • Site access • Civil works design • Financial evaluation • Planning and environmental • approvals 21

� Have a Good Team • Base and Outside Specialists Electrical design Site supervision • • Investment structure Installation and commissioning • • Develop financing options Operation and maintenance • • • Revenue projections • Monitor and report performance Financial evaluation Perform routine maintenance • • Negotiate power purchase Fault diagnosis and repair • • agreements Liaison with utilities and high • • Arrange financing voltage switching Construction Management Billing for energy produced • • Procure equipment Regulatory compliance • • 22

� Have a Good Team • Outside Specialists - Design: AFSPC open-end contract with Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) - Construction Contract: procurement via AFCEE WERC, Request for Information Approach – “ timely selection of most suitable contractor due to successful past performance on wind turbine construction” - Construction Contract: AMEC Earth & Environmental, Inc . 23

� Know Your Values and Limitations • Value of Power � Consume on Base: $0.050 to $0.150 per kWh � Sell Excess to Grid: $0.015 to $0.030 per kWh • Site Limitations � Minimum Distance from Centerlines of Runways � Outside of Glide Path 24

Warren Wind Turbines Photo Tour West Tower Location East Tower Location 25

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Vestas V47 Turbine Specifications: - Nameplate Rating 660 kW - Rotor Diameter 154 ft = (47m) - Tower Height 164 ft = (50m) - Swept Rotor Area 18,765 sq ft = (1,735m2) - Cut-in Wind Speed 9 mph - Cut-out Wind Speed 55.9mph - Rotational Speed 28.5 rpm - Est. kWh Generated for 2 turbines 4.4 million kWh/Yr - CO2 Offset (Yearly) 6.7 million lbs (3,344 tons) - Annual Energy Provided 522 Homes Economics: - Project Cost $2.52 million - Payback period 12 years - Lifetime Operational Savings $3 million - Savings to Investment Ratio 1.19 55

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DISCUSSION Dr. F. Robert McGregor, P.E., Senior Associate AMEC 303-935-6505 Kenneth Davis, P.E., Chief of Design 90CES/CECE, Warren AFB 307-773-5091 Ernesto J. Perez, Contracting Officer Representative AFCEE 307-773-3468 57