EU Strategy in Partitioning & Transm utation and its I m plem entation w ithin the EURATOM Fram ew ork Program m es Ved BHATNAGAR European Com m ission Brussels e-mail: Ved.Bhatnagar@ec.europa.eu V. Bhatnagar, EC, Brussels, 10IEMPT, Mito, Japan, 07 Oct 2008 1
OUTLI NE • I ntroduction • EU Strategy in P&T • I m plem entation w ithin the EURATOM Fram ew ork Program s • Conclusions V. Bhatnagar, EC, Brussels, 10IEMPT, Mito, Japan, 07 Oct 2008 2
European Union ( EU) Nuclear Research Activities • EU nuclear energy research and training activities are carried out under the European Atom ic Energy Com m unity ( EURATOM) treaty ( Rom e 1 9 5 7 ) • I m plem entation of EU nuclear energy strategy requires research and developm ent of new technologies in a variety of areas. • Fram ew ork Program s of the European Union have been a very fruitful tool to channel the 2 7 Mem ber States’ com m on research funds in areas of European– w ide interest especially w here European added-value dom inates. • I nternational collaboration ( outside EU) is an im portant policy elem ent of the EU Fram ew ork Program s. V. Bhatnagar, EC, Brussels, 10IEMPT, Mito, Japan, 07 Oct 2008 3
Euratom Fram ew ork Program s • European Com m unity research has been organised in Fram ew ork Program m es ( FP) of durations of 4 -5 years since 1 9 8 4 . • FP3 : 1 9 9 0 -9 4 , FP4 : 1 9 9 4 -9 8 , FP5 : 1 9 9 8 -0 2 • FP6 : 2 0 0 2 -0 6 FP7 : 2 0 0 7 -1 1 ( possibly to 2 0 1 3 ) Organisation of Euratom Activities is as follow s: • Fusion Energy Research � Nuclear Fission and Radiation Protection � Nuclear Activities of EC Joint Research Centre � ( JRC) * _ _ _ _ _ * Activities im plem ented by JRC are know n as ‘direct actions’. V. Bhatnagar, EC, Brussels, 10IEMPT, Mito, Japan, 07 Oct 2008 4
EURATOM Fram ew ork ( FP) Program s Budget FP6 FP7 ( 2 0 0 2 -0 6 ) ( 2 0 0 7 -1 1 ) M€ M€ • Fusion Energy Res 8 2 4 1 9 4 7 • Fission & Rad Prot 2 0 9 2 8 7 • JRC’s Nuclear Activity 3 1 9 5 1 7 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Total 1 3 5 2 2 7 5 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * FP research is only about 6 % of the entire EU effort V. Bhatnagar, EC, Brussels, 10IEMPT, Mito, Japan, 07 Oct 2008 5
Sustainable Nuclear Energy Technology Platform ( SNE-TP) ( launched in Septem ber 2 0 0 7 ) • A fram ew ork to unite all stakeholders ( public-private partnership) around a com m on vision of sustainable nuclear energy technology research • Mobilisation of a critical m ass of research and innovation effort • Definition of a Strategic Research Agenda • Research directions: � Gen I I and Gen I I I needs Process Heat, Electricity and H 2 � Advanced Fuel Cycle and Gen I V system s � V. Bhatnagar, EC, Brussels, 10IEMPT, Mito, Japan, 07 Oct 2008 6
EURATOM FP7 (2007-11) Nuclear Fission & Radiation Protection Radioactive Waste Management - Geological disposal of long-lived Key cross-cutting radioactive waste and the reduction of activities: toxicity of radioactive waste through partitioning & transmutation - Support for research Reactor Systems- Operational safety of infrastructures existing reactor systems and the potential of future reactor systems for - retaining safer, more efficient power plants and competences competitive nuclear industry and know-how in all areas of nuclear science Radiation protection – especially risks from low doses, medical uses, emergency management etc. V. Bhatnagar, EC, Brussels, 10IEMPT, Mito, Japan, 07 Oct 2008 7
EU Strategy in P&T for Sustainability of Nuclear Energy • Once-through cycle ( ‘disposal of spent fuel as it is’) does not appear to be sustainable! • Reprocessing of the spent fuel and transm utation of Minor Actinides in dedicated devices reduces 'radio-toxic inventory' of the disposed w aste in geological repositories. • I t has significant im portance in non-proliferation strategy and radiological terrorism and reduces risks in case of an inadvertent 'hum an intrusion‘. • A double-strata approach w ith Sub-critical Accelerator Driven System s ( ADS) and/ or Critical Fast reactors is being considered. A decision on the choice is planned in a couple of years. • Geological disposal of the rem aining w aste ( separation/ transm utation losses) w ill be required V. Bhatnagar, EC, Brussels, 10IEMPT, Mito, Japan, 07 Oct 2008 8
W aste Managem ent Strategy for sustainability of nuclear energy • Separation of m ain heavy m etals reduces the volum e and therm al output and extraction of heat-bearing ( Sr and Cs) com ponents perm its a reduction in the needed size of the repository except possibly in salt-m edia w hich does not need this separation. • Transm utation can reduce the half-life of m ost of the w aste to be disposed of to a couple of hundred years overcom ing the concerns of the public related to the long-life of the w aste thus aiding the GD com m unity in securing a 'broadly agreed political consensus' of w aste disposal in geological repositories. • Additional cost, additional secondary w aste, activation products and I LW and dose to w orkers in the process of Reprocessing and Transm utation itself w ill contribute to defining an optim al transm utation schem e. • P&T has an added value of training m any researchers in nuclear science and contributes to retaining of com petence. • Though the m axim um eventual ‘dose' to hum an beings from a geological repository in norm al scenarios is likely to be due to fission products, som e evidence is appearing that m inor actinides are also m obile. V. Bhatnagar, EC, Brussels, 10IEMPT, Mito, Japan, 07 Oct 2008 9
W aste Managem ent Strategy for sustainability of nuclear energy Generation I V safe advanced nuclear reactor concepts that • burn w aste and produce fuel for further use are gaining increased attention as a possible future course of action. I t is clear that reprocessing of the spent fuel for a sustainable • nuclear energy and fuel cycle w ould be required no m atter w hat path of transm utation is follow ed. Efforts for the advanced partitioning processes should be • reinforced tow ards pilot and test facilities for optim ised separation processes in close cooperation w ith fuel fabrication team s and geological disposal ( GD) com m unity. The GD com m unity should em brace the opportunity offered by • P&T to ease the acceptance of geological repositories by society and m ake the best use of accepted sites by rem oval of long-lived and heat producing radio-nuclides from the w aste. The GD com m unity should especially take into account the • requirem ents and accom m odate the w aste stream s em anating from the advanced ( m inor-actinide) reprocessing system s w ith a view to transm utation w hether in sub-critical or critical devices. V. Bhatnagar, EC, Brussels, 10IEMPT, Mito, Japan, 07 Oct 2008 10
Implementation of P& T FP6 Projects P&T Roadmap • PATEROS Transmutation of High Level Nuclear Waste in an ADS Critical Systems & Impact of P&T on Technologies • EUROTRANS Waste Management • ELSY-LFR • RED-IMPACT � System Analysis of an ADS: • PUMA-HTR � Integrated design � Cost, safety and licensing issues � Reliability of accelerators for ADS � Experiment: Coupling of ADS components Partitioning Innovative Fuels � Materials and coolant technologies Technologies � Advanced fuel and Targets • LWR-DEPUTY � Basic nuclear data • EUROPART � Education and Training Networking HLM Nuclear Data EU Infrastructures • EFNUDAT • CANDIDE • VELLA NUDAME • V. Bhatnagar, EC, Brussels, 10IEMPT, Mito, Japan, 07 Oct 2008 11
EURATOM FP6 P&T Projects Underw ay Budget Co- Start Date SN Acronym Abbreviated Title Rem arks ( M€ ) ordinator End date Tot EC 0 1 / 0 9 / 2 0 0 6 SCK/ CEN 1 PATEROS P&T European Road-m ap 0 .8 0 .6 3 1 / 0 8 / 2 0 0 8 ( BE) RED- I m pact study of P&T on W aste KTH 3 1 / 0 3 / 2 0 0 4 2 3 .9 2 .0 m anagem ent ( SE) 3 0 / 0 9 / 2 0 0 7 I MPACT A new project EURO- Partitioning techniques and CEA 0 1 / 0 1 / 2 0 0 4 3 ACSEPT 1 1 .2 6 .0 processes ( FR) 3 0 / 0 6 / 2 0 0 7 PART has started A new project EURO- All Aspects of Transm utation FZK 0 1 / 0 4 / 2 0 0 5 4 GETMAT 4 5 .0 2 3 .0 by sub-critical ADS ( DE) 3 1 / 0 3 / 2 0 1 0 TRANS has started ANSA- W aste transm utation in Lead 0 1 / 0 9 / 2 0 0 6 5 ELSY 6 .9 2 .9 5 LDO Cooled critical system 3 1 / 0 8 / 2 0 0 9 ( I T) Pu and MA Managem ent by NRG 0 1 / 0 9 / 2 0 0 6 6 PUMA 3 .7 1 .8 5 therm al Gas-cooled system ( NL) 3 1 / 0 8 / 2 0 0 9 Netw orking of lead loop ENEA 0 1 / 1 0 / 2 0 0 6 7 VELLA 3 .3 2 .3 infrastructures in Europe ( I T) 3 0 / 0 9 / 2 0 0 9 LW R- LW R fuels for deep burning of SCK/ CEN 0 1 / 0 8 / 2 0 0 6 8 2 .4 1 .2 5 Pu in therm al system s ( BE) 3 1 / 0 7 / 2 0 0 9 DEPUTY 9 EFNUDAT Netw orking of EU facilities for CNRS 0 1 / 1 1 / 2 0 0 6 3 .0 2 .4 nuclear data ( FR) 3 1 / 1 0 / 2 0 1 0 10 CANDI DE Netw orking of Nuclear data for UU 0 1 / 0 1 / 2 0 0 7 0 .8 0 .8 EU I ndustrial Developm ent ( SE) 3 1 / 1 2 / 2 0 0 8 Trans-national access for EC-JRC 0 1 / 0 4 / 2 0 0 5 11 NUDAME 0 .2 0 .2 nuclear data ( I RMM) 3 1 / 0 3 / 2 0 0 8 Totals 8 1 .0 4 3 .5
Recommend
More recommend
