English Language Greenwood Primary Grade 7 Term 2
Week 1 Comparing Adjectives Degrees of Comparison E.G 1. John is tall . 2. Peter is taller than John. 3. Ndalo is the tallest of the three. - In sentence 1, the adjective tall says something about John’s height. - In sentence 2, the adjective taller compares John’s height with Peter’s height. (COMPARATIVE) - In sentence 3, the adjective tallest compares Ndalo’s height with the height of John and Peter. (SUPERLATIVE)
NB MUST READ!!!!
Activity POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE 1. angry 2. sweet 3. little 4. bad 5. good 6. big 7. thin
WEEK 2 Types of Pronouns The pronoun takes the place of the noun. We use pronouns to avoid repetition. Examples: - I complete my work. - You complete your work. - She completes her work. - He completes his work. - They complete their work.
1. Personal and Possessive pronouns • We use personal pronouns (I, me, he, him, etc.) to replace names or nouns when it is clear what they refer to. • We use possessives (my, your, her) when it is not necessary to name the person the thing belongs to. • We use personal pronouns to avoid repeating nouns
2. Reflexive pronouns • Reflexive pronouns are words ending in -self or -selves that are used when the subject and the object of a sentence are the same. • Example: I believe in myself . • They can act as either objects or indirect objects. • The nine English reflexive pronouns are myself, yourself, himself, herself, oneself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, and themselves .
3. Demonstrative pronouns • A demonstrative pronoun is a pronoun that is used to point to something specific within a sentence. These pronouns can indicate items in space or time, and they can be either singular or plural. • Examples: • This was my mother’s ring. • That looks like the car I used to drive. • These are nice shoes, but they look uncomfortable. • Those look like riper than the apples on my tree.
4. Interrogative pronouns • Interrogative pronouns can also be used as relative pronouns , which may be found in questions or indirect questions. • The five interrogative pronouns are what, which, who, whom, and whose.
5. Relative pronouns • There are only a few relative pronouns in the English language. The most common are which, that, whose, whoever, whomever, who, and whom . In some situations, the words what, when, and where can also function as relative pronouns. Because there are only a few of them, there are also just a few rules for using relative pronouns. Keep them in mind as you write. • Examples: • The cyclist who won the race trained hard. • The pants that I bought yesterday are already stained. • The four team leaders, whoever the committee selects, will be at tomorrow’s meeting. • Spaghetti, which we eat at least twice a week, is one of my family’s favourite meals.
6. Indefinite pronouns • Indefinite pronouns are those referring to one or more unspecified objects, beings, or places. They are called “indefinite” simply because they do not indicate the exact object, being, or place to which they refer. • Indefinite pronouns examples such as any, anybody, anyone, either, neither, nobody, no, someone, and some ; • They also include universals such as every, all, both, and each; finally, they include quantifiers including any, some, several, enough, many, and much. Many indefinite pronouns can also function as determiners.
Activity a) You own your bicycle. Pronoun: _______________________ Type of pronoun: ________________________ b) The frog hurt itself when falling into the water. Pronoun: _______________________ Type of pronoun: ________________________ c) Those are expensive shoes. Pronoun: _______________________ Type of pronoun: ________________________ d) Nobody is listening to the speaker. Pronoun: _______________________ Type of pronoun: ________________________ e) Whose turn is it to roll the dice? Pronoun: _______________________ Type of pronoun: ________________________
WEEK 3 Adverbs • What is an Adverb? An adverb is a word used to modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. • For example: She swims quickly . • (Here, the adverb quickly modifies the verb swims .) She is an extremely quick swimmer. • (Here, the adverb extremely modifies the adjective quick .) She swims extremely quickly . • (Here, the adverb extremely modifies the adverb quickly .)
NB MUST READ Type Examples • An adverb of manner tells us how an action Adverb of Manner occurs. The lion crawled stealthily. • Will you come quietly , or do I have to use ( how ) earplugs • An adverb of time tells us when an action occurs or how often. I tell him daily. • What you plant now, you will harvest later. Adverb of Time ( when and how often ) (NB: Adverbs of time that tell us how often something occurs • An adverb of place tells us where an action Adverb of Place occurs. I did not put it there. ( where ) • Poetry surrounds us everywhere
Activity Highlight the adverbs and state what type of adverb they are: 1. Yesterday the helicopter crashed into the sea. Type of adverb: ___________________ 2. The people waited calmly for the show to start. Type of adverb: ___________________ 3. The news is broadcasted daily on TV. Type of adverb: ___________________ 4. Mr Du Preez ran quickly during his race. Type of adverb: ___________________
WEEK 4 Prepositions • A preposition is a word used to link nouns , pronouns , or phrases to other words • within a sentence. • Prepositions are usually short words, and they are normally placed directly in front of nouns. • Examples: • 1. I prefer to read in the library. • 2. He climbed up the ladder to get into the attic. • 3. Please sign your name on the dotted line after you read the contract. • 4. Go down the stairs and through the door. • 5. He swam across the pool. • 6. Take your brother with you.
Activity • CIRCLE THE PREPOSITION IN EACH SENTENCE 1 . We walked up the stairs. 2. My mom took a walk around the block. 3. I looked under my bed. 4. My friend jumped over the bushes. 5. The pen fell between our desks. 6. I walked to the store. 7. We walked aboard the ship. 8. She walked toward the teacher. 9. I leaned against the wall. 10. I looked across the room.
WEEK 5 and 6 Subject, verb and object In order to have a complete sentence, each sentence must have a subject and a verb. - These two parts of speech are the fundamental parts of the subject and predicate that make up a sentence. - Every sentence has a subject and a predicate, or it is not considered a complete sentence. • WHAT IS A SUBJECT? • A subject is the person or thing that is doing an action, or the person or thing that is the focus of the sentence. • Most of the time the subject comes at the beginning of a sentence, in which case, it is very easy to identify.
Example subject • E.g. Mary likes to run at the park. • In this case, the person who is doing the action is Mary, therefore, Mary is the subject. • E.g. My brother throws the ball. • In this case, the person who is doing the action is My brother, therefore, My brother is the subject. • (Note: the Subject can be more than one word)
Predicate • WHAT IS A PREDICATE? • The predicate of the sentence is the part that contains the action. • It is the part of the sentence that is not the subject and includes all the descriptions of the action and the objects that are affected by the action. • E.g. Mary likes to run at the park. • The question you can ask yourself here is, “What does Mary do”? • The answer, likes to run at the public park , is therefore the predicate. • The predicate includes the verb in the sentence and the rest of the words in that sentence.
• E.g. My brother throws the ball. • When you have multiple nouns, the concept is the same. • The entire sentence that excludes the subject, is the predicate. • If the sentence has objects, either direct or indirect, they are part of the predicate. • In this sentence, throws the ball is the predicate.
Object • WHAT IS THE OBJECT? • The object is the noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb. • A direct object tells what or whom after an action verb. • E.g. He paints posters. • Ask yourself whom or what receives the action? • What did he paint? • Therefore, ‘ posters’ receives the action of painting and becomes the object. • E.g. Jane hit the ball. • The ball receives the action of hitting . • Therefore, ball is the object.
NB MUST READ!!
Activity • IN THE SENTENCES BELOW, CIRCLE THE SUBJECT AND UNDERLINE THE PREDICATE. 1. John played the drums at school. 2. My family went to London for the holiday. 3. Lions are the most feared animals in the world. 4. The soup burnt my mouth. 5. Dark clouds gathered on the horizon • IN THE SENTENCES BELOW, UNDERLINE THE OBJECT. 6. Tim swept and mopped the floor. 7. Mark and Sam sailed their boat. 8. Mandy hid all the coins. 9. The fire destroyed the house. 10. Jesse saved the kitten.
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