Energy Rating of PV Modules: Choosing the Optimal Technology for Hot - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Energy Rating of PV Modules: Choosing the Optimal Technology for Hot Climates to Increase the Return on PV Investment Joseph Nader, Markus Schweiger TÜV Rheinland Energy GmbH, Cologne, Germany Joseph.Nader@uae.tuv.com, Markus.Schweiger@de.tuv.com

TÜV Rheinland – Business Solutions for Solar Energy Worldwide Our global network for PV testing: � 250 Solar Experts � 6 accredited PV Laboratories � 5 Outdoor Test Sites � No 1 in PV module and component testing worldwide � 35 Years experience in PV product testing Quality, safety and reliability � >20GW experience in Power plant inspections around the world 2 27.09.2017 Intersolar Middle East, September 26-27, 2017, Conrad Dubai, UAE

TÜV Rheinland – Business Solutions for Solar Energy Worldwide � Inspections of technical equipment, products and services � Overseeing PV projects worldwide � Helping to shape processes � Participation in IEC standardization committees � Research and development in the area of power plant optimization and module qualification Count on our experience for technical risk mitigation in PV investments: TÜV Rheinland, as independent Third Party, has been working with the financial industry, investors, and operators worldwide for decades. TÜV Rheinland has the experience to guide your PV projects from inception, planning, PV supply chain management, construction, commissioning, to O&M and re-sale. 3 27.09.2017 Intersolar Middle East, September 26-27, 2017, Conrad Dubai, UAE

Agenda: Energy rating of PV modules 1. Introduction: power vs. energy rating 2. Relevance for utility scale PV investments 3. Impact factors and underlying data base 4. Performance of market ready PV modules and emerging technologies 5. Conclusions 4 27.09.2017 Intersolar Middle East, September 26-27, 2017, Conrad Dubai, UAE

Introduction: Energy rating of PV modules Current situation – limitations of power rating: � Pricing €/W P of PV modules is based on their power rating measured at standard test conditions (STC) � Real operating conditions are significantly different to STC (1000W/m², 25°C, AM1.5) � The various PV module technologies available at the market have significantly different physical properties regarding performance at different operating conditions � Energy yield predictions using software simulation tools show limited accuracy due to non-adapted physical models and insufficient input data Not everything you should know about PV module performance behavior is written on the labels or datasheets 5 27.09.2017 Intersolar Middle East, September 26-27, 2017, Conrad Dubai, UAE

Introduction: Energy rating of PV modules STC 30% 6 27.09.2017 Intersolar Middle East, September 26-27, 2017, Conrad Dubai, UAE

Introduction: Energy rating of PV modules Energy rating – what does it mean: � Means to rate PV modules according to predictive output energy (yield) in €/Wh rather than to deficient power in €/W P measured at STC only � The aim is to find the best performing technology for a certain location After all the product solar industry produces is energy not power � Normative basis are the series of standards according to IEC 61853 part 1 to 4 which are not technically mature nor published yet � An advanced energy rating is able to tell you exactly the prospective energy yield and the reasons for differences in energy yield performance of emerging PV module technologies in percentage It means lower risks, better bankability, more revenue on PV investments, higher net profit for ultimate owner of power plant 7 27.09.2017 Intersolar Middle East, September 26-27, 2017, Conrad Dubai, UAE

Motivation: Energy rating of PV modules Why is energy rating beneficial for PV industry - the global context: � between 2004 - 2016 a sum of $1,161 billion was invested in PV systems � approximately 250GW of PV capacity is installed worldwide � By 2050 a globally installed PV capacity of around 4.6 TW P is expected � This implies a global investment market of $225 billion per year on average For the upcoming multi-GW installations of 125GW/year on average, each percentage of uncertainty results in significant investment uncertainty with regard to capital expenditures. 8 27.09.2017 Intersolar Middle East, September 26-27, 2017, Conrad Dubai, UAE

Motivation: Energy rating of PV modules Why is energy rating beneficial for PV industry – a quick example: � 100 MW solar park project in UAE � Specific energy yield of 1800 kWh/kW p � Levelised cost of electricity at $100/MWh � +1 more yield means +$4.5 million revenue after 25 years of operation (emerging interest earnings not considered) � We measured up to 25% difference in Wh/W P using P STC as stated by the manufacturers State-of-the-art energy rating and energy yield measurements are a smart opportunity for investors to increase their revenues! 9 27.09.2017 Intersolar Middle East, September 26-27, 2017, Conrad Dubai, UAE

Energy rating of PV modules: Impact factors and underlying data base Cologne � Since 2013 several test sites constructed Ancona � 5 test-sites under operation of TÜV Rheinland Huhehot � 15 module types investigated in detail Tempe Thuwal Chennai � 2018 new test site in Huhehot (Mongolia) 10 27.09.2017 Intersolar Middle East, September 26-27, 2017, Conrad Dubai, UAE

Energy rating of PV modules: Impact factors and underlying data base Location Country Köppen-Geiger Inclin Annual in-plane Average Annual Operation ation global solar annual transmission loss climate since angle irradiation rainfall due to soiling classification Ancona Italy 01 Nov Cfa (mediterranean) 35° 1556 kWh/m² 757 mm negligible 2013 Cologne Germany 01 Mar Cfb (temperate) 35° 1195 kWh/m² 774 mm negligible 2014 Chennai India 01 Feb Aw (tropical 15° 1860 kWh/m² 1597 Year 1: -2.1% mm Year 2: -7.5% 2014 savanna, hot- H O T ! humid/dry) Tempe Arizona/U 15 Dec Bwh (hot desert) 33.5° 2360 kWh/m² 219 mm Year 1: -3.7% Year 2: -1.4% SA 2013 Thuwal Saudi- 11 Mar Bwh (hot desert, 25° 2386 kWh/m² 70 mm -0.55%/day (periodical cleaning) Arabia 2015 sandstorm impact) 11 27.09.2017 Intersolar Middle East, September 26-27, 2017, Conrad Dubai, UAE

Energy rating of PV modules Module Performance Ratio (MPR) 25% more (or less) energy 13 % in Thuwal per stated W P 12 % 21 % 23 % 25 % 12 27.09.2017 Intersolar Middle East, September 26-27, 2017, Conrad Dubai, UAE

Energy rating of PV modules: Impact factors What affects the energy rating of PV modules: The MPR of a PV module depends on the module technology, its mounting situation, and the location. The location implies climatic conditions with characteristic variations of irradiance, temperature and spectral distribution of sun light, all occurring on seasonal and daily basis. Technology driven factors are: 1. Temperature coefficients 2. Operating temperature 3. Spectral response 4. Low irradiance behavior 5. Angular response 6. Nominal power and its stability 7. Soiling 13 27.09.2017 Intersolar Middle East, September 26-27, 2017, Conrad Dubai, UAE

Energy rating of PV modules: Influence of temperature G PoA > 15 W/m² 14 27.09.2017 Intersolar Middle East, September 26-27, 2017, Conrad Dubai, UAE

Energy rating of PV modules: Influence of temperature Ambient temperature Location Average range (G > 15 W/m²) Cologne -4.6 °C to 34.1 °C 15.2 °C (Germany) Ancona -1.3 °C to 35.5 °C 18.1 °C (Italy) Chennai 17.0 °C to 42.7 °C 30.3 °C (India) Tempe -0.5 °C to 44.8 °C 27.4 °C (USA) Thuwal (Saudi- 13.2 °C to 44.3 °C 31.1 °C Arabia) 15 27.09.2017 Intersolar Middle East, September 26-27, 2017, Conrad Dubai, UAE

Energy rating of PV modules: Influence of temperature Module temperature Location Average range (G > 15 W/m²) Cologne -7.5 °C to 60.4 °C 21.5 °C (Germany) Ancona -4.3 °C to 59.4 °C 25.6 °C (Italy) Chennai 14.1 °C to 69.8 °C 41.1 °C (India) Tempe -5.1 °C to 68.4 °C 39.6 °C (USA) Thuwal (Saudi- 10.2 °C to 68.6 °C 41.8 °C Arabia) 16 27.09.2017 Intersolar Middle East, September 26-27, 2017, Conrad Dubai, UAE

Energy rating of PV modules: Influence of temperature Temp. differences within modules at same location: 3.4 °C in Chennai, 5.0 °C in Tempe, 4.9 °C in Ancona, 3.7 °C in Cologne 6.5 °C in Thuwal T G dt ∫ BoM PoA = T T , BoM G G dt ∫ PoA T 17 27.09.2017 Intersolar Middle East, September 26-27, 2017, Conrad Dubai, UAE

Energy rating of PV modules: Influence of temperature 18 27.09.2017 Intersolar Middle East, September 26-27, 2017, Conrad Dubai, UAE

Energy rating of PV modules: Influence of temperature Energy yield Test-site loss due to temperature Cologne -1.2 % to -3.7 % Ancona -2.6 % to -5.3 % Chennai -5.3 % to -9.6 % Tempe -5.1 % to -10.6 % Thuwal -5.2 % to -11.1 % T G dt   ∫ BoM PoA   25 ∆ = γ − ° MPR C T   TEMP G dt  ∫  PoA T   19 27.09.2017 Intersolar Middle East, September 26-27, 2017, Conrad Dubai, UAE