Employment, Livelihoods and Social Protection Sector (ELSP) Prepared for the Post Disaster Needs Assessment for Resilient Recovery Workshop, Bangkok, 28 – 31 July 2015
Content Define ELSP 1 Introduce ELSP assessment process 2 Indicate options for ELSP recovery 3
Employment and Livelihoods: Key Concepts
Understanding the concept of livelihoods KEY CONCEPT: LIVELIHOODS Livelihoods consist of the capabilities, assets and activities from which individuals and households make their living. Livelihoods usually lead to flows of income and consumption , the outcome of which are expressed in the household’s standards of living . Livelihoods depend on the employment of labour , the use of assets and, in some cases, on income transfers .
Understanding the concept of livelihoods KEY CONCEPT: LIVELIHOODS Livelihood outcomes The ultimate outcome is to achieve Livelihoods consist of the capabilities, assets and the preservation of the household activities from which individuals and households and to rear the next generation with make their living. a desirable quality of life . This can be related to the capacity of Livelihoods usually lead to flows of income households to satisfy their and consumption, the outcome of which elementary human needs , such as are expressed in the household’s standards nutrition, water, health care, shelter, of living. clothing, sanitation, and others. Livelihoods depend on the employment of labour , the use of assets and, in some cases, on income transfers .
Understanding the concept of livelihoods KEY CONCEPT: LIVELIHOODS Employment of labour Family labour may be employed to Livelihoods consist of the capabilities, assets and obtain income, or devoted to activities from which individuals and households housework. make their living. Use of assets Assets can be represented by the following categories: Livelihoods usually lead to flows of income and Human capital, natural capital, consumption , the outcome of which are social capital, physical capital expressed in the household’s standards of living . and financial capital Income transfers Transfers include social security (old Livelihoods depend on the employment of age and disability pensions, family labour, the use of assets and, in some allowances, food assistance, etc.), cases, on income transfers. and remittances .
Assessment of Livelihoods within the PDNA MAIN OBJECTIVE Assess the impact of the flood on livelihoods and identify opportunities and capacities for economic recovery at household, community and local economy level CONSEQUENCES OF A DISASTER Damages Losses Needs The destruction of assets The loss of employment Immediate income generating (human, natural, physical, (whether temporary or opportunities for vulnerable social and financial) such as permanent) households whose livelihoods were workshops, factories, market affected The reduction of income stalls, tools, crop fields, Mid/long term employment flows (whether related to livestock, etc. labour or not) recovery , i.e. support to SMEs, COOP, SKILLS development LER/LED
Locating ELSP within the PDNA The effects of the disaster on the capabilities, assets and activities of households are a result of the effect on all the PDNA sectors (social, productive and infrastructure). S ocial sectors Culture Education Health Housing CROSS-CUTTING SECTORS P roductive sectors • Employment, Livelihoods and Agriculture Social Protection PDNA Industry • Gender Commerce • Environment Tourism • DRR • Etc... I nfrastructure sectors Transport Communications Energy Water and Sanitation
The ELSP Assessment Process
The Assessment Process Step 2 collection of post disaster information: - secondary data from PDNA sectors - primary data through field visits RECOVERY HAZARD Steps 3 estimation of the disaster effect: - quantitiative Steps 4 analysis of the disaster impact: - qualitative Steps 5 identification of recovery needs and formulation of recovery strategy: - quantitative Step 1 collection of pre-disaster information: - qualitative - Constructing the baseline through desk research
Key Outputs Employment, Standard outline: Livelihoods and Social Protection Chapter 1) Pre-disaster situation 2) Disaster effect (two tables) PDNA REPORT 3) Disaster impact 4) Recovery strategy (one table)
BASELINE STEP ONE Collection of pre-disaster information through desk research
STEP ONE: BASELINE What’s the number of… • wage workers What are the key • self-employed livelihood sources • employers for individuals and • unemployed households? Gender differences, i.e. female How do individuals and labour force participation rate, households generate employment status income? ? Gender differences, i.e. typical activities What are the average work days What’s the extent per year? of the informal economy? What are the Who are the vulnerable groups in a mean/average community/society? earnings? Child and bonded workers, female headed households, elderly, people living with HIV/AIDS, ethnic/religious minorities
STEP ONE: BASELINE The baseline provides a good picture of the pre-disaster situation The baseline provides: a robust quantitative framework to estimate the disaster effect on ELSP provides a qualitative basis to analyse the disaster impact on ELSP Wage-work households No employment households ETYPOLOGIES (various sources of sustenance: Employer households rental income, pensions, social Farm self-employment security transfers, remittances, households helps from relatives, money Non-farm self-employment interest, etc.) households Unemployed households Households without information
STEP ONE: BASELINE Updating Typical baseline data Areas of Assembling the baseline sources coverage data collected information Focused on individuals/households: Focused on units of economic activity: Population census Agricultural censuses and surveys Household and labour force surveys Economic censuses and surveys Social security records Business registers Social assistance programmes National accounts Qualitative livelihood studies (zones, types)
STEP ONE: BASELINE Updating Areas of Typical baseline data Assembling the baseline sources for livelihoods coverage data collected information Census data: Disasters frequently hit specific Survey data: Universal coverage areas, not entire regions or Sample provinces: Provide small area resolution Usually provide wide area (villages, districts, sub districts) Census data are needed to quantify resolution only (regions, provinces) features of the specific disaster area
STEP ONE: BASELINE Updating Typical baseline data Areas of Assembling the baseline sources for livelihoods coverage data collected information Update population numbers and composition: Consider differences between urban and rural population growth Consider displaced population movement since last census
STEP ONE: BASELINE Assembling Updating Typical baseline data Areas of the data baseline sources for livelihoods coverage information collected Assembling the data: Also: Indications and examples: The various pieces of information There is no general recipe to do This presentation conveys only collected for the baseline should this, since the socio-economic some general indications and realities and data availability vary be assembled with the goal of examples and needs to be adapted widely. qualitative and quantitatively to particular situations. characterizing Employment and Livelihoods.
EXAMPLE: Baseline data sheet for Tourism Sector Whenever possible, data should aggregated by sex # of workers Mean work Disaster Contribution days per Mean daily affected to GDP year/per wage districts Total male female worker Prepare a table District 1 for each … … … … productive sector that details District 2 employment and livelihoods … information at district level. District X … … … … Total
EXAMPLE: Setting-up an inventory with the documents collected 1 2 3 4 1 3 LOCATION: Detailing the location of the file is TYPE: The type of document refers to the very useful especially when the number of specific format (e.g. Excel, Word, PDF, Power Point, Photo, DAT, etc.) documents collected is high. In general, using hyperlinks is the best and easiest way to do this. 2 DESCRIPTION: It usually refers to the type of information that can be extracted from the document (e.g. labour participation rates, GDP 4 NOTES: It is also important to mention the type composition, consumer price index, etc.) of use given to the document. For instance, inform if the information contained in the document was used to estimate the number of workers in a specific sector.
POST-DISASTER INFORMATION STEP TWO Collection of secondary data from PDNA sectors and primary data through field visits
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