Egypt Nile Valley Civilization By: Alec, Vinnie, Neena, and Hima - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Egypt Nile Valley Civilization By: Alec, Vinnie, Neena, and Hima

Name Origins

Egypt Aegyptos (Greek) “Hwt-Ka-Ptah”

Geography

Modern day Egypt Protected by desert to East and West and the Mediterranean Sea to the North

Nile River

Architecture & Art

Stepping Pyramid at Saqqara: Tomb of Pharaoh Zoser Materials: ❖ Mudbrick ❖ Reed ❖ Timber ❖ Limestone

The Pyramids of Giza: Tomb Site of Cheops, Chephren, and Mycerinus Accessories: Royal tomb complex ❖ A mortuary temple ❖ Solar boat pits ❖ Sphinx ❖

Make your own Sculpture

Art: Sculptures

Political Structure

Judicial System ❖ Laws were derived from religion ❖ Djadjat → Kenbet → Seru ➢ Districts: Nomes ➢ Governor: Nomarch ❖ Guilty until proven innocent ❖ Punishments for serious crimes were cruel ➢ Disfjgurement or Death

Government ❖ King → Vizier → Local Offjcials ❖ Divine Absolute Monarchy ➢ Kings considered human Gods ❖ Centralized Government ➢ Capital was Memphis ❖ Kingship passed from father to son ❖ Priests gained wealth and power ❖ Kings and Offjcials became complacent

Economy ❖ Agrarian and Barter Economy ❖ No physical currency, debens defjne value ➢ To quantify fair trade (1 = 90g of gold) ❖ Produce ‘taxes’ were used in trade ➢ Shemsu Hor ❖ Trade brought wealth and resources for building projects (pyramids) ❖ Yam was a major trade center in Nubia

Hierarchies

Class Structure ❖ King (Pharaohs were New Kingdom) ❖ Vizier ❖ Offjcials/Nobles/Priests ❖ Soldiers/Scribes ❖ Craftsmen/Merchants/Business Owners ❖ Farmers/Unskilled Workers ❖ Slaves

Gender Dynamics ❖ Women could use the legal system ➢ Divorce, infjdelity, business arguments ❖ Most occupations open to women, could become powerful through religious cults ❖ Both male and female deities ❖ Women could own property independently ❖ Marriages were not arranged or binding ❖ Queens could take over duties of Kings

Communication

Try it yourself! Write your name out in Hieroglyphics!

Writing ➢ Hieroglyphics ➢ Sounds, words, ideas ➢ History, business, scientifjc and literary purpose ➢ Rosetta stone → ➢ Thoth ➢ Simplifjed to an alphabet

Check Your Work! Jackie Julia Anvi Anika Will Hima Arjun Isabella Toyesh Jefg Vinnie Neena Shri Akhi Alec Matt

Language ❖ Afro-Asiatic language ❖ Consisted of 3 consonants ❖ Words had gender (masculine and feminine)

Religion

The Gods Concept of Heka (Magic) ★ Relationship = Money ○ Gods for various purposes ★ Osiris, Isis, Set, Nephthys, and Horus ○ Theban Triad: Amun, Mut, and Knons (also known as ★ Khonsu). Amun, Mut, and Khons of Upper Egypt (where Thebes ○ was located) took on the attributes of Ptah, Sekhmet, and Khonsu of Lower Egypt who were much older deities. Amun - supreme creator god, symbolized by the sun ○ Mut - his wife, symbolized by the sun's rays and the ○ all-seeing eye Khons was their son, the god of healing and destroyer of ○ evil spirits.

Family Tree

Harmony & Eternity Relationship with others ❖ The 'gateway sin' - ingratitude ❖ Plants and fmowers ❖ Flowers of the Ished tree ➢ The Five Gifts of Hathor ❖ The after-life ❖

The Soul & The Hall of Truth Parts of the soul ❖ Khat - the physical body ➢ Ka - one’s double-form ➢ Ba - a human-headed bird aspect which could speed ➢ between earth and the heavens Shuyet - the shadow self ➢ Akh - the immortal, transformed self ➢ Sahu - Sechem were aspects of the Akh ➢ Ab - the heart, the source of good and evil ➢ Ren - one’s secret name. ➢ Negative Confession and Thoth (God of Wisdom) ❖ The feather of truth ❖ Monster Ammut vs Field of Reeds ➢

Myth OSIRIS & ISIS

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