Effective Policies for Supporting Education and Employment of Women in Science and Technology : Case of Korea Kong-Ju-Bock Lee National Institute for Supporting Women in S&T Ewha Womans University - 1 - NIS WIST UNESCO Paris France
Introduction : Women Resources in S&T, KOREA Key Policies and Outcome Proposals for Effective Policies and Programs - 2 - NIS WIST UNESCO Paris France
6.1 Male Opinion Leaders % Reg Including Emp Non-Reg 10.4% 17.4% Regular Including Sex New Emp Non-Reg 17.0% 21.5% Eng 9.1% PhD Ratio 20.8% Sci 35.9% Eng 14.1% MA in 24.4% Sci 46.5% 16.3% Eng BA S&T 28.6% Sci 53.5% 18.0% Eng Univ – S&E (2008) 29.6% Sci 52.8% High S – S&E Sci High S 22.3% 35.0% Female Middle S 46.7% - 3 - NIS WIST UNESCO Paris France
~ 50% ~ 40% ~ 30% ~ 18% ~ 14% ~ 10% ~ 10% ~ 3% Pure Natural Sciences Engineering [ Ratio changes of women in S&T at academia ] - 4 - NIS WIST UNESCO Paris France
male female Source : STATISTICS KOREA, Report on Economic Activity Status and Participation Rate (2008) [ Economic Activity Participation Rate ] - 5 - NIS WIST UNESCO Paris France
Female Male Source : STATISTICS KOREA, Report on Economic Activity Status and Participation Rate (2008) [ Economic Activity Participation Rates of (un)married by major ] - 6 - NIS WIST UNESCO Paris France
Introduction : Women Resources in S&T, KOREA Key Policies and Outcome Proposals for Effective Policies and Programs - 7 - NIS WIST UNESCO Paris France
S W • Decreasing ratios of girls in ‘Science High school’ • High academic and S&E Bachelor’s achievement of female program students • Low ratio of women • Meets OECD average of earning S&E doctorates women Bachelors in S&E • Low rate of economic • Increasing ratio of activity participation by women in S&E Master’s women programs • High ratio of temporary workers among women S&T employees • Inadequate human • Male-oriented education resources in S&E in S&E • Need for development of • Lack of infrastructure for source technology and work-family balance diversity • Criticism of reverse • Shortage of economically gender discrimination for active human resources affirmative actions promoting women in S&E T O - 8 - NIS WIST UNESCO Paris France
6.1 Male Gender-recognized • Recruitment Target System (RTS) % policy • Promotion Target System (PTS) • Officer in Charge of WSE Reg Career Management Emp • Childcare Center 10.4% • Research Funds Exclusively for Women Scientists and Engineers Regular Sex Job Support New Emp • ISWIST (2004 ~ ) 17.0% Legal action center : Policy research, Training, Information Hub, Supporting PhD Ratio Professional NGO’s activity, WISTFIT project… 20.8% s MA • WISE Program (2001 ~ ) in Engineers 24.4% On/Off Line Mentoring BA S&T • WIE Project (2006 ~ ) Engineers 28.6% Leading University of engineering education for women Univ – S&E (2008) Engineers 29.6% • WATCH21 program (2004 ~ ) R&E program at engineering research High S – S&E Elites lab 35.0% Female Middle S 46.7% - 9 - NIS WIST UNESCO Paris France
Supporting Programs for Women in S&T by Lifecycle Stage (2010) Stage Elementary Graduate Middle School High School College Unemployed Employed Retired School School Program • Job Training • Mentoring • Mentoring • Mentoring • R&E Program • Mentoring (SC, LM, PS) • Visiting Lab • S&E Research • International • Leadership T. • Leadership T. Education/ • Leadership T. • Sci Camp • Communication • Communication Camp S&E Camp Training/ • Communication • Mathematics- • S&E Research • R&E Program Training Training Training Mentoring • Gender • New Research • New Research Research Conference • New Research • R&E Program Conference Recognized Edu. Technique T. Technique T. Technique T. • Employment • Employment • Internship Subsidy Subsidy • Research Subsidy • Job Fair • Research Subsidy Career • Job Fair • Career • Job Information • Job Fair Development • Job Information Consulting • CV Clinic • Job Information • CV Clinic • Networking /Retention • Career • CV Clinic • Career Consulting • Career Consulting Consulting • Gender • Officer in Charge • Recruitment Recognized of WSE Women • WIST-FIT • RTS Education of Target System Friendliness • PTS Engineering (RTS) • WIST-FIT • WIST-FIT • National Conference of Women Scientists • National • National • National Transition & Engineers Conference of Conference of Conference of of Social • Minister Award Women Scientists Women Scientists Women Scientists (RTS) Recognition & Engineers & Engineers & Engineers • NRF Award (WIST-FIT, NGO) - 10 - NIS WIST UNESCO Paris France
Objective Key Policy Outcome • 1,300 mentor-mentee pairs (‘07) WISE • 35,000 girls participated in WISE programs (‘07) Women Into Science and Engineering • 52 new courses developed and 53 improved (‘06-’08) WIE • Employment rate of women: 66.1%(‘06) � 76.8%(‘08) Education Women In Engineering • Satisfaction : more than 80% of participants WATCH21 • 315 teams and 2,238 female students participated (‘04-’09) Women’s Academy for Technology • Satisfaction: more than 90%of participants Changer in the 21 Century • Rate of women recruits in institutes: 18.2%(‘03) � 26.6%(‘09) Recruitment Target S. • Rate of women faculty recruits: 5.2%(‘03) � 6.5%(‘05) Promotion Target S. Not measuable (recommended) • High synergy with WIST-FIT project of ISWIST Designation of Officer in • Best practice of WIST-FIT is from the organization with active Officer charge of WSE in charge of WSE Employment, • Budget: US$2.5(‘00) � US$15.7(’10) Research Funds Retention • Ratio of women project-managers: 6%(‘03) � 14%(‘09) exclusively for WSE • 300 babies and toddlers, open 7:30~22:30 Childcare Center at S&T • WSE from 37 institutes are using. Research Complex • 40 policy-related research reports and proposals ISWIST • 10,000 WSE trained/70% of job trainees are working Institute for Supporting Women in • 25,000 WSE DB Science and Technology • Tens of programs developed - 11 - NIS WIST UNESCO Paris France
Introduction : Women Resources in S&T, KOREA Key Policies and Outcome Proposals for Effective Policies and Programs - 12 - NIS WIST UNESCO Paris France
Effective Policies/Projects/Programs Comment • Highly recommended in all stages of a woman’ s life in On/Off-line Mentoring Program S&T WIE Project • Need to disseminate the developed programs to other : Leading university of engineering-education for college of engineering women students • Necessary for a time • Should be run concurrently with Employment Target Recruitment Target System System and Promotion Target System • Encouraging for young scientists and engineers with Research Funds exclusively for Women Scientists and Engineers experience in maternity leave or childrearing • A strong needs exists to build new nursery schools at Childcare Center at S&T Research Complex other S&T Research Complex. • Action center for monitoring, steering, planning and implementing policies and programs for women scientists ISWIST and engineers • A consolidated ISWIST will be launched in Jan, 2011 merging 3W projects. - 13 - NIS WIST UNESCO Paris France
Gender Gap Index (2009) APEC OECD W/M = 0.71 in labor force participation 0.67 in enrolment in tertiary education 0.66 in professional and technical workers 0.52 in estimated earned income 0.16 in parliament 0.10 in legislators, senior officials and managers Source : WEF, The Global Gender Gap Report (2009) 0.05 in ministerial positions - 14 - NIS WIST UNESCO Paris France
Government policy for WSE must not stop at declaration. Strict enforcement Incentives to encourage best practices Support from MSE Requirement of outcomes - 15 - NIS WIST UNESCO Paris France
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