32 Entrepreneur and Entrepreneurship
33 Entrepreneur formal functional business owner entrepreneurial mindset risk taker Innovator Changemaker ENTREPRENEUR
34 Entreprene Individual ur Entreprene Process urship Knowledge, Entreprene Attitudes and urial skills Entreprene Role of urial society Ecosystem Source: World Economic Forum: Educating the Next Wave of Entrepreneurs, Davos 2009
35
36 Entrepreneurial Competences knowledge passion & fire skills Source: Johannes Lindner
37 On a global level compared to peer countries in BRICS, SA is also lagging in terms of entrepreneurial activity. Of concern, the established business rate of 2.3% is the second lowest in the world 2012 2011 2010 South Africa 7% 9.1% 8.9% Brazil 14.9% 17.5% China 24.0% 14.4% South Africa’s TEA index is lower than other developing countries Source: GEM South Africa report 2012
38 South Africa has the lowest levels of entrepreneurship and education in Africa Country Perceived Quality of TEA 2012 Nascent New Established capabilities education entrepreneur- business business ship rate ownership ownership rate Malawi 86% 65 36% 18 20 11 Zambia 84% 39 41% 27 15 4 Namibia 76% 126 18% 11 7 3 Ethiopia 74% 85 15% 6 9 10 Ghana 86% 62 37% 15 23 38 Nigeria 86% 83 35% 22 14 16 Botswana 70% 55 28% 17 12 6 Uganda 88% 69 36% 10 28 31 South Africa 40% 140* 7% 4 3 2** *140 out of 144 countries worldwide ** 2 nd lowest in the world Phases of entrepreneurship Source: GEM South Africa report 2012
39 SA entrepreneurship compares poorly against its sub- Saharan neighbours and developing countries all key measures % of adults engaged in different phases of entrepreneurship South Africa’s TEA index is lower than other developing countries Source: GEM South Africa report 2012
ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE CURRENT CURRICULUM 40
41 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS AND DESIGN Subject Content that Entrepreneurship Opportunities supports/ develops entrepreneurship • • Architecture Engineering • Industrial designer Graphics and • Interior designer Design • Landscape architect • Quantity surveyor • Building management • Graphic illustrator • Draughts person (e.g. Steel structure, Architectural, Civil, Design, Electrical, etc.)
42 Participation Rate Grade 12:2014 - 2016 Growth Ranking Province 2014 2015 2016 2014 - 2016 2067 2654 EC + 570 3 2637 1646 1957 FS + 528 4 2174 GP 7208 7150 7 + 271 7479 7433 7624 KZN + 103 8 7536 LP 1859 2077 2 + 691 2550 1495 1648 MP + 442 5 1937 NC 1768 1914 9 - 1049 719 475 642 NW + 1612 1 2087 WC 2809 3348 6 3244 + 435
43 Success Rate: Grade 12 2014 - 2016 Growth (%) Province 2014 2015 2016 Ranking 2014 - 2016 94 95 EC 93 - 1 4 FS 95 95 97 0 3 93 90 GP 95 + 3 1 93 96 KZN 95 - 3 6 98 98 LP 99 0 3 96 95 MP 96 + 1 2 98 NC 97 95 + 3 1 96 98 NW 100 - 2 5 93 92 WC 93 + 1 2
44 CIVIL TECHNOLOGY
45 Civil Technology Subject Content that Entrepreneurship supports / develops Opportunities entrepreneurship • Construction • Carpenter And Joiner • Bricklayer • Woodworking • Tiler • Civil Services • Plumber • Roof Specialist • Building Inspector
46 Participation Rate Grade 12:2014 - 2016 Growth Ranking Province 2014 2015 2016 2014 - 2016 717 533 757 + 184 5 EC 900 7 776 869 + 124 FS 2464 2332 2478 + 132 6 GP 1769 1761 1839 + 8 8 KZN 739 510 543 + 229 3 LP 601 4 MP 415 497 + 186 283 638 632 - 355 9 NC 771 208 295 + 563 1 NW 2438 2142 2536 + 296 2 WC
47 Success Rate: Grade 12 2014 - 2016 Growth (%) Provinc 2014 2015 2016 Ranking 2014 - 2016 e 93 96 EC - 3 6 95 98 96 FS 98 + 2 2 98 98 GP 97 0 4 96 95 KZN + 1 3 94 99 99 LP 97 0 4 97 98 MP 99 - 1 5 99 98 NC + 1 3 97 98 98 NW 99 0 4 97 94 WC 96 + 3 1
48 ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY
49 Electrical Technology Subject Content that Entrepreneurship supports / develops Opportunities entrepreneurship • • Electronic mechanic Power Systems • Auto-electrician • Electronics • Electrician • Digital Electronic • Radio Technician • Communication Technician • PLC Programming • Electronics Programming • Robotics • Electrical Fitter
50 Participation Rate Grade 12:2014 - 2016 Growth 2014 - Ranking Province 2014 2015 2016 2016 485 702 730 EC 4 + 245 379 478 451 FS 8 + 72 1137 1264 1417 GP + 280 2 1496 1618 1595 KZN 7 + 99 455 568 728 LP + 273 3 322 352 482 MP 5 + 160 401 523 177 NC - 224 9 134 183 538 NW 1 + 404 334 404 438 WC + 104 6
51 Success Rate: Grade 12 2014 - 2016 Growth (%) Province 2014 2015 2016 Ranking 2014 - 2016 96 EC 98 89 + 7 1 97 FS 98 - 2 5 99 97 GP 96 99 - 2 5 92 KZN 93 97 - 5 6 96 LP 98 - 1 4 97 99 MP 99 98 + 1 3 84 NC 94 96 - 12 8 98 NW 97 + 5 2 93 93 WC 92 99 - 6 7
52 MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY
53 Mechanical Technology Subject Content that supports/ develops Entrepreneurship Opportunities entrepreneurship • Fitter, Machinist, locksmith, Motor Automotive mechanic, Diesel mechanic, Farm • Fitting and mechanic, Vehicle designer, Auto Machining electrician, Specialized engine tuner • Welding and and diagnostic analyst, Suspension Metalwork builder, Blacksmith, Jeweller, Rigger, Welder, Boilermaker, Panelbeater, Exhaust fitter, Brake and clutch fitter and machinist, Draughtsman, Toolmaker, Automotive machinist and fitter, Engine rebuilder, Transmission machinist, Roof truss developer.
54 Participation Rate Grade 12:2014 - 2016 Growth (%) Ranking Province 2014 2015 2016 2014 - 2016 636 501 630 + 135 3 EC 620 5 542 561 + 78 FS 1775 1712 1719 + 63 7 GP 1657 1584 1822 + 73 6 KZN 469 407 279 + 62 8 LP 514 4 MP 397 424 + 117 259 520 515 - 261 9 NC 593 150 206 + 443 1 NW 754 562 694 + 192 2 WC
55 Success Rate: Grade 12 2014 - 2016 Growth (%) Province 2014 2015 2016 Ranking 2014 - 2016 89 EC 94 - 6 6 95 99 FS 96 98 + 1 1 95 GP 94 0 2 95 91 KZN 91 - 5 5 96 94 LP 97 99 - 5 5 98 MP 100 0 2 98 91 NC 93 - 4 4 95 96 NW 94 99 - 3 3 93 WC 94 0 2 93
56 COMPUTER APPLICATIONS TECHNOLOGY (CAT)
Computer Applications Technology 57 (CAT) Subject Content that supports/ Entrepreneurship Opportunities develop entrepreneurship CAT is a supporting subject for ALL careers, including entrepreneurs, e.g. University of Pretoria is recommending CAT for ALL their programmes. • Word processing • Typing and editing services • Spreadsheet • Data capturing services • Database • Website development/maintenance • HTML (some additional services training will be required)
58 Participation Rate: 2014 - 2016 Province 2014 2015 2016 Growth 2014 Ranking - 2016 EC 4270 4456 4141 -129 5 FS 4268 3443 -389 7 3832 GP 10649 9945 -1079 9 11024 KZN 5333 4997 -877 8 5874 LP 1461 1372 1100 -361 6 MP 2997 2916 3415 418 1 NW 2242 2257 2219 -23 2 NC 1402 1154 4 1273 -119 WC 8373 7945 3 7978 -33
59 Subject Success Rate: 2014 - 2016 Province 2014 2015 2016 Growth % Ranking 2014 - 2016 EC 6 85.4 86.4 88.6 -2.2 FS 3 92.5 87.6 93.8 1.3 GP 2 94.0 94.3 96.1 2.1 KZN 9 81.2 78.6 86.1 -7.5 LP 7 90.3 90.9 93.7 -2.8 MP 4 93.2 93.0 92.8 -0.4 NW 5 97.3 95.0 95.5 -1.8 NC 8 78.9 87.0 90.6 -3.6 WC 1 91.4 92.2 89.9 2.3
60 TOURISM
61 Tourism Subject Content that supports / develops Entrepreneurship Opportunities entrepreneurs • • Tourism Sectors Tourism products and services • Tourism attractions owners • • Culture and Heritage Tour guides • • Communication and Curio shop owner • Customer service Transport services operator • B+B / Guest house owners • Food and Beverage Establishment owners • Tourist attraction guides
62 Participation Rate Grade 12:2014 - 2016 Growth Ranking Province 2014 2015 2016 2014 - 2016 8 EC -780 20734 20034 19954 9 FS 5976 6065 5005 -971 1 GP +1353 26960 27628 28313 5 KZN -29 41953 43180 41924 3 LP +478 11437 11483 11915 2 MP +612 20604 20681 21216 6 NC -309 2136 2033 1827 4 NW +126 4156 4209 4282 7 WC -550 9764 9330 9214
63 Success Rate: Grade 12 2014 - 2016 Growth (%) Province 2014 2015 2016 Ranking 2014 - 2016 EC 93.2 95.0 95.2 +2 2 FS 97.0 98.0 99.5 +2.5 1 GP 0 5 99.4 98.9 99.4 KZN 95.1 97.4 95.1 0 5 LP 96.3 97.0 94.6 -1.7 7 MP 96.8 97.2 98.2 +1.4 4 NC 96.3 97.4 98.2 +1.9 3 NW 99.8 99.5 99.2 -0.6 6 WC 97.9 97.1 99.3 +1.4 4
64 HOSPITALITY STUDIES
65 Hospitality Studies Subject Content that supports / develops Entrepreneurship Opportunities entrepreneurship • Sectors and • Small scale production of food, Careers fashion and soft furnishing items • Food preparation • Caterer • Food Service • Events planner • Function Service • Interior designer • Tailor / Dress maker • Upholsterer • Developing a small micro-enterprise: Bistro/ Deli/ Coffee Shop owner • Food / Fashion / Interior Stylist
66 Participation Rate Grade 12:2014 - 2016 Growth (%) Ranking Province 2014 2015 2016 2014 - 2016 3 EC 988 1024 968 -20 2 FS 326 351 324 -2 9 GP -437 2325 2146 1888 8 KZN -232 2685 3287 2917 6 LP -113 456 353 343 7 MP 681 583 500 -181 4 NC 101 88 66 -35 1 NW +232 124 323 356 5 WC -72 742 740 670
67 Success Rate Grade 12 2014 - 2016 Growth (%) Provinc 2014 2015 2016 Ranking 2014 - 2016 e EC 94.9 94.5 93.1 -1.8 7 FS 100 100 100 0 3 GP 99.8 99.9 100 +0.2 1 KZN 97.5 97.9 97.0 -0.5 6 LP 99.8 99.7 99.7 -0.1 4 MP 99.5 100 99.4 -0.1 4 NC 100 100 100 0 3 NW 100 100 99.7 -0.3 5 WC 98.9 99.1 99.1 +0.2 2
68 CONSUMER STUDIES
69 Consumer Studies Subject Content that supports / develops Entrepreneurship Opportunities entrepreneurship • • The Consumer Small scale production of food and clothing items • Caterer • Event planner • Interior planner • Entrepreneurship • Tailor / Dress maker • Developing a micro-enterprise; • Product development
70 Participation Rate Grade 12:2014 - 2016 Growth Ranking Province 2014 2015 2016 2014 - 2016 3 EC 3883 4959 4649 +766 9 FS 2652 3250 2434 -218 2 GP +900 9021 10492 9921 5 KZN +563 6775 7835 7338 1 LP +1005 2337 3144 3342 6 MP 3298 3831 3778 +480 8 NC 684 926 830 +146 4 NW +680 1917 2672 2597 7 WC +381 7944 8954 8325
71 Success Rate Grade 12 : 2014 - 2016 Growth (%) Province 2014 2015 2016 Ranking 2014 - 2016 EC 93.2 95 95.9 +2.7 2 FS 97 98 99.1 +2.1 4 GP 99.4 98.9 99.5 +0.1 6 KZN 95.1 97.4 97.6 +2.5 3 LP 96.3 97 88.7 -7.6 9 MP 96.8 97.2 96.0 -0.8 7 NC 96.3 97.4 99.3 +3.0 1 NW 99.8 99.5 98.7 -1.1 8 WC 97.9 97.1 98.1 +0.2 5
72 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
73 Agricultural Sciences Subject Content that supports/ Entrepreneurship Opportunities develop entrepreneurship • • Agricultural entrepreneurship and Commercial farmer • business planning: Subsistence farmer • • Concept and aspects of entrepreneur Owner of Agricultural feed company • and entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial Involved in dairy farming and making success factors of yoghurt and honey • • Agribusiness planning: concept of Supplier of fruit ,vegetables and fruits business planning in the Agricultural to commercial conglomerates like sector Woolworths, Pick n Pay,etc • • Agricultural marketing systems: Free Ownership of Animal Health facilities market, cooperative and controlled marketing • Intensive and extensive farming processes • Plant and animal production systems
74 Participation Rate: 2014 – 2016 Province Growth (%) Ranking 2014 2015 2016 2014 - 2016 EC 2 15 238 21 999 22 968 +7 730 FS 7 1 608 2 270 1 905 +297 GP 8 1 102 1 143 1 158 +56 KZN 4 18 837 22 463 21 878 +3 041 LP 22 400 32 106 32 858 +10 458 1 MP 12 968 16 510 17 298 +4 330 3 NC 712 962 1 073 +361 6 NW 5 4 461 6 022 6 462 +2 001 WC 9 737 776 786 +49
75 Success Rate: 2014 – 2016 Province 2014 2015 2016 Growth (%) Ranking 2014 - 2016 EC 8 71.5 83 75 -11.5 FS 3 92.9 90 84 2.9 GP 2 86.7 82.1 82 4.6 KZN 4 77.5 78 73 -0.5 LP 7 71.1 82 76 -10.9 MP 5 83 80.2 -6.8 87 9 NC 87 77 75.3 -11.7 NW 6 90 82 81.9 -8.1 WC 1 77 81 88.2 11.2
76 AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICE
77 Agricultural Management Practices Subject Content that supports/ develop Entrepreneurship Opportunities entrepreneurship • • Agritourism- Farmers role in Commercial farming:pig,sheep and Agritourism as a vehicle for cattle • entrepreneurship Chicken and egg production • • Business Planning : Description and Crop production enterprises • explanation of Business planning Game farming • Methods of setting prices – Qualities of • Milk and yoghurt production • a entrepreneur Vendor in the Agricultural sector • • Managing skills Wool production • • Different types of business: Wine producer • manufacturing Fruit and vegetable enterprise • • Business creation in agriculture Breeding of horses including race • Business survival strategies horses • Occupation of niche markets • Profitability and viability of Agricultural enterprises • Farm management
78 Participation Rate: 2014 – 2016 Growth Ranking Province 2014 2015 2016 2014 - 2016 EC 3 147 218 286 +139 FS 6 241 290 291 +50 GP 8 55 47 63 +8 KZN 1 202 312 607 +405 LP 5 400 492 505 +105 MP 2 327 418 485 +158 NC 9 34 38 40 +6 NW 4 92 123 219 +127 WC 7 117 102 135 +18
79 Subject Success Rate: 2014 – 2016 AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES Province Growth (%) Ranking 2014 2015 2016 2014 - 2016 EC 5 94.56 94.0 93 -1.56 FS 1 99.17 100 100 0.83 GP 2 100 100 100 0 KZN 4 100 98 98 -2 LP 4 99.25 98.6 99 -0.25 MP 3 99.08 99 99 -0.08 2 NC 100 100 100 0 NW 2 100 100 100 0 WC 2 100 100 100 0
80 ARTS SUBJECTS
81 ARTS SUBJECTS Subject Content that supports/ Entrepreneurship Opportunities SUBJECT develop entrepreneurship • DANCE Encourage learners to read and Choreographer • research dance history and theories Dancer STUDIES • Design in a business context (Graphic) Designer [including DESIGN automotive] • Art Director • Digital Print Designer • Understand different theatre Theatre Practitioner DRAMATIC • staging & film conventions and Director ARTS • spaces and how these affect Filmmakers Performance • MUSIC Music knowledge and analysis Musical Director • (Music industry value chain) Sound Engineer • Composer • Publishing / Recording Label / Printing Plant Owner • VISUAL Visual Culture Studies: emphasis Curator • on Architect ARTS • visual literacy Art Director • Digital Print Designer
Dance Studies Participation Rate 82 2014 – 2016 Province Growth Ranking 2014 2015 2016 2014 - 2016 EC 42 35 22 -20 6 FS 18 27 19 +1 2 GP 103 +9 1 94 85 KZN 72 61 41 -31 7 LP - - - - 9 MP -3 4 0 1 3 NC 9 4 16 -7 4 NW 11 6 3 -8 5 WC 302 323 256 -46 8
83 Dance Studies Success Rate 2014 - 2016 Prov 2014 2015 2016 Growth % Ranking 2014 - 2016 EC 100 86.4 100 0 2 FS 100 100 100 0 2 GP 100 98.8 100 0 2 KZN 100 100 100 0 2 LP - - - - MP 100 86.4 100 0 2 NC 100 100 100 0 2 NW 100 100 100 0 2 WC 99.7 99.4 100 0.3 1
84 Design Participation Rate : 2014 - 2016 Growth Ranking 2014 2015 2016 Province 2014 - 2016 EC 118 129 105 -13 5 FS 41 72 39 -2 3 GP 889 817 858 -31 6 KZN 107 121 74 -33 7 LP 0 0 0 - 9 MP 96 91 88 -8 4 NC 10 12 11 +1 1 NW 27 46 27 0 2 WC 888 916 829 -59 8
85 Design Success Rate : 2014 - 2016 Prov 2014 2015 2016 Growth % Ranking 2014 - 2016 EC 98.3 98.4 100 +1.7 2 FS 100 91.4 100 0 5 GP 98.6 99.3 99.1 +0.5 3 KZN 98 94.8 83.8 -14.2 6 LP - - - - - MP +1.9 95.8 100 97.7 1 100 NC 100 100 0 5 100 NW 100 100 0 5 WC 97.9 98 98.1 +0.2 4
Dramatic Arts Participation Rate 86 2014 - 2016 Growth Ranking 2014 2015 2016 Province 2014 - 2016 EC 326 386 331 +5 5 FS 272 288 266 -6 7 GP 1281 1236 1229 -52 8 KZN 5320 5654 6186 +866 1 LP +2 0 6 2 6 MP +53 163 284 216 2 NC +6 10 11 16 4 NW 30 35 53 +23 3 WC 1005 1030 909 -96 9
87 Dramatic Arts Success Rate : 2014 - 2016 Prov 2014 2015 2016 Growth % Ranking 2014 - 2016 EC 100 99.7 100 0 1 FS 99.6 98.6 98.9 -0.7 4 GP 99.8 98.3 99.3 -0.5 2 KZN 99.1 99 98.2 -0.9 5 LP - 100 100 0 1 MP 100 86.4 90.8 -9.2 6 NC 100 100 100 0 1 NW 100 100 100 0 1 WC 98.7 98.3 98.1 -0.6 3
88 Music Participation Rate : 2014 - 2016 Growth Ranking 2014 2015 2016 Province 2014 - 2016 EC 337 325 334 +3 3 FS 62 48 45 -17 8 GP +2 246 263 248 4 KZN 559 615 589 +30 2 LP 0 0 0 - 9 MP 34 57 28 -6 7 NC 13 9 13 0 5 NW 57 42 53 -4 6 WC 478 563 535 +57 1
Music Success Rate : 89 2014 - 2016 Province Growth Ranking 2014 2015 2016 2014 - 2016 EC 95.7 95.3 97 +1.3 4 FS 98.4 87.2 100 +1.6 3 GP 96.3 98.1 99.2 +2.9 2 KZN 89.5 87.9 93 +3.5 1 LP - - - - - MP 100 87.7 100 0 5 NC 100 100 100 0 5 NW 100 100 100 0 5 WC 99.4 99.8 99.3 -0.1 6
Visual Arts Participation Rate : 90 2014 - 2016 Province Growth Ranking 2014 2015 2016 2014 - 2016 EC 42 35 338 +296 1 FS 396 397 176 -220 7 GP 2178 2090 2021 -157 6 KZN 2045 1931 1622 -423 8 LP 226 187 219 -7 3 MP 199 162 190 -9 4 NC 49 61 40 -9 4 NW 240 203 224 -16 5 WC 1444 1471 1491 +47 2
91 Visual Arts Success Rate: 2014 - 2016 Prov Growth % Ranking 2014 2015 2016 2014 - 2016 EC 90.4 82.9 90.5 0.1 2 FS 99.4 81.7 97.7 -1.7 6 GP -1.1 99.6 99.4 98.5 5 KZN 100 99.5 99.4 -0.6 4 LP 100 100 100 0 3 MP 94.5 93.8 90.1 -4.4 7 NC 93.8 100 100 6.2 1 NW 98.7 100 98.7 0 3 WC 99 99 99 0 3
92 THREE STREAM MODEL
THREE STREAMS • Academic Stream • Technical Vocational Stream • Technical Occupational Stream 93
94 ACADEMIC STREAM
95 NDP TARGETS ”The Department of Basic Education plan is to increase the number to 300 000 by 2024 , with 350 000 learners passing mathematics and 320 000 learners passing physical science . The Commission proposes a target for 2030 of 450 000 learners being eligible for bachelors programme with maths and science. Action is required throughout the education system, but particularly in e arly childhood development given that the cohort that will enter university in 2030 has not yet started primary school. Consideration should be given to expanding the Dinaledi Schools initiative, which increases access to maths and science in underprivileged schools . ” National Planning Commission: National Development Plan, November 2011
FOCUS SCHOOLS • Maths and Science schools • Arts schools • Agricultural Science schools • Aviation schools • Maritime schools • Pathway Tech Schools 96
AGRICULTURAL FOCUS SCHOOLS Number of Agricultural schools per grade in 2016 Number of Schools Nat EMIS Grade 10 Grade 11 Grade 12 Total per province Province 9 812 560 360 1741 EC 6 651 491 403 1551 FS 8 1 868 1 709 1 475 5060 GP 7 309 271 244 831 KZ 9 1 131 1 076 759 2975 LP 5 647 573 421 1646 MP 3 569 413 296 1281 NC NW 10 882 754 590 2226 3 206 206 192 607 WC Grand 60 7075 6053 4740 17918 Total Source: SNAP 2016 97
98 TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL STREAM
NDP TARGETS “One of the targets set for 2014 in the delivery agreement signed by the Minister of Higher Education and Training is to produce 10 000 artisans per year. This target can be met with concerted effort and adequate funding. We propose a target of 30 000 by 2030 , subject to demand. ” National Planning Commission: National Development Plan, November 2011) 99
T ECHNICAL H IGH S CHOOLS Schools Offering Civil Schools Offering Schools Offering Technology Electrical Technology Mechanical Technology Provinces Specialisation Specialisation Specialisation Constructio Electronics Electronics Automotive Machining Fitting & Services Systems working Welding Power Digital Wood- Civil Total Total Total n Number of Schools 36 52 42 130 18 28 36 82 25 42 35 102 EC FS 21 14 15 50 20 8 15 43 19 12 21 52 70 106 103 GP 23 33 14 50 24 32 47 24 32 22 45 15 82 25 45 27 97 30 46 27 103 KZN LP 12 10 9 31 11 13 10 34 11 8 5 24 5 11 6 22 10 8 2 20 5 5 10 20 MP 7 3 2 12 5 6 4 15 10 8 5 23 NC NW 19 16 14 49 20 23 17 60 28 15 14 57 10 5 7 22 5 5 12 22 16 9 10 35 WC Civil Technology Electrical Technology Mechanical 468 479 519 Total Total Technology Total
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