E. coli bacteria, sediment and nutrient sampling of manure applied, - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

E. coli bacteria, sediment and nutrient sampling of manure applied, tile drained agricultural fields with various types of manure management. Project Partners: - Cannon River Watershed Partnership - Minnesota Department of Agriculture - U of M Southwest Research and Outreach Center - WRC, MN State University, Mankato Timeline: January 2008 through June 2011 Funding Source: 319 Grant

� 1.) Project Background � 2.) Project Goals � 3.) Monitoring Design � 4.) 2008 Preliminary Results

Blue Earth River Basin Estimated Fecal Coliform Animal Produced by Source/Application Type Animal Type Units* Individuals Dairy 39,282 Wildlife Overgrazed Pets Beef 92,456 <0.1% Pastures 0.4% Human - Feedlots or Swine 554,339 near Streams Adequately Manure or Waterways Treated Stockpiles Chicken 7,903 0.3% Wastewater without Turkey 9,834 0.3% Runoff Controls Horse 800 Human - 1.0% Sheep 1,397 Inadequately Humans 92,202 Treated Wastewater Cats 25,043 0.1% Surface Dogs 22,007 Applied Deer 12,744 Manure 26.9% Canadian Geese 15,771 Wild Turkey 3,859 Pheasants 100,000 *1000 Ibs live animal weight Incorporated Manure 71.1%

Beauford Ditch Watershed – Tile Drainage Majority of flow derived through tile drainage. 2005 2005

What does the research say? Minnesota Research Gyles Randall, U of M Southern Experiment Station in Waseca 1. Liquid Dairy (1995-1997) Fecal Coliform Detected in 100% samples E.coli detected in less than 1/3 rd samples Concentrations low, suggested winter dieoff 2. Incorporated Swine (2002/2003) Fecal Coliform did not appear to survive over winter, concentrations low and appeared to be natural background. Studies conducted on field plots with no surface tile intakes.

Background Summary - >95% of fecal bacteria produced is from manure, most which is applied to agricultural land as fertilizer. -In the Blue Earth River Basin nearly 30% of agricultural land is permitted for manure application. -The largest source of flow from many of these watersheds is through sub-surface tile drainage. -Limited research in Minnesota on the transport of indicator bacteria from manured applied lands.

P hotos – Frank Gibbs, Ohio NRCS Project Goals Assess the significance of E. coli transport through the soil profile.

Project Goals Assess the significance of open intakes as a transport mechanism for E.coli bacteria.

Project Goals Assess the significance of “background” E. coli concentrations by monitoring fields with no recent manure application history.

Project Goals Provide information on nutrient losses from tile drained manure applied lands.

Manured, No Intakes Manured, Intakes 5 Automated Sites 5 Automated Sites 1 Grab Site No Manure, No Intakes No Manure, Intakes 7 Automated Sites 3 Automated Site 1 Grab Site

� Manure and Nutrient Application History � Type of Manure Applied � Application Method � Rate of Manure Application � Tile Spacing and Configuration � Location of Intake Structures � Crop Type � Soil Types � Soil Testing Results

Laboratory Analysis Field Measurements (15 min.) Total Suspended Solids Flow Nitrate-N Precipitation Total Phosphorus Tile Water Temperature Orthophosphorus Soil Temperature (4 in. depth) E. Coli Bacteria

Hwy 90 80 ft. Drainage spacing Site 50 ft. spacing Highway 90 Plots 7 samples sets in 2008, highest E. coli conc. 4 cfu/100 ml. Monitoring Conducted by: MN Department of Agriculture Site #1

� Only one site meeting this criteria in 2008. � No manure in prior 20 year period. � Small drainage plot with one intake. � E. coli never approached levels found at in manure plots. Date Time E.coli 5/30/2008 11:30 0 6/5/2008 16:15 1 6/5/2008 18:15 3.1 6/5/2008 20:15 1 6/6/2008 1:15 <1 6/6/2008 9:15 <1 6/12/2008 11:00 0 7/17/2008 11:20 3.1 Site #2

Field Characteristics: No Manure History prior to May 2007. 4 ft. deep tile at 50ft spacing Strip Tilled Beans in 2008. Grab Sampling in 2008. Plot #1 – 3 acres, swine manure, 7,000 gal/acre, broadcast and incorporated. Plot #2 – 5 acres, swine manure 1,500 gal/acre, applied to strip zone. Plot #3 – 12 acres, no manure history urea at 123 lbs/acre. Monitoring Conducted by: Cannon River Watershed Partnership Site #3

2008 E. coli Results Plot 1 - 7,000 gal/ acre Plot 2 - 1,500 gal/ acre Storm Sample Results Plot 3 - No Manure 140 120 E. coli Bacteria (cfu/ 100 ml) 100 80 60 40 20 0 April 2nd April 8th April 25th May 20th May 30th J une 6th June 10th June 11th July 1st July 18th Site #3

Field Characteristics: 16 Acre Pattern Tiled Field, 100 ft spacing Spring Surface Applied Turkey Manure 2006 - 4 tons acre 2008 – 2 tons acre Continuous Corn since 2005 Grab Sampling in 2007 & 2008, flow/ sampling equipment installed 2009. Muck and Loam Soils Site #4

- No manure applied in 2009. - Elevated E. coli concentrations found during late summer/fall events. E. coli Bacteria (cfu/ 100 ml) 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 0 April 30th May 1st 2006 J une 6th J une 10th J une 15th August 2nd 2006-2009 E. coli Bacteria Storm Sample Results March 22nd 2008 E.coli Bacteria Storm Sample Results March 26th 2007 April 2nd April 18th August 19th August 20th August 21st October 29th April 11th 2008 April 25th J une 12th J uly 17th February 12th March 21st March 22nd March 23rd 2009 March 24th April 28th May 6th Site #4

Field Characteristics: 26 Acre Pattern Tiled Field, 80 ft spacing Fall 04, 06, 08 Incorporated Swine Manure 3000-4000 gallons per acre Corn/ Soybean rotation Muck and Loam Soils Site #5

Site #5

Date Time TSS E.coli 4/10/2008 16:20 690 10 4/25/2008 11:30 3 0 5/3/2008 2:06 20 1,300 5/3/2008 5:06 5 194 5/3/2008 10:00 <2 1 5/3/2008 16:06 6 2 5/5/2008 11:30 <2 0 5/29/2008 20:59 3380 1 6/8/2009 6/6/2008 8:45 <2 5 6/6/2008 10:45 <2 6 Surface Water – 689 cfu/100 ml 6/12/2008 14:15 <2 1 Tile Water – 22 cfu/100 ml 7/17/2008 13:30 268 156 7/17/2008 18:30 12 20 7/18/2008 4:30 <2 6 7/27/2008 12:27 6300 355 7/27/2008 14:27 53 490 7/27/2008 16:27 12 107 7/27/2008 23:27 <2 56 7/31/2008 8:28 3110 7,890 7/31/2008 9:28 800 2,708 7/31/2008 10:28 170 1,326 7/31/2008 14:28 8 81 - Bacteria elevated when TSS is elevated. - E.coli levels dropped to low levels in less than 12 hours. - Higher E. coli concentrations in summer/fall. Site #5

Field Characteristics: 65.5 Acre Pattern Tiled Field, 100 ft spacing Fall 05, 07, 09 Incorporated Swine Manure 3800 gallons per acre Corn/ Soybean rotation Clay and Loam Soils Site #6

Flow (cfs) 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 0 1 10:00:00 PM e.coli-110 TSS-na 10:45:00 PM e.coli-1,080 TSS-496 11:30:00 PM 12:15:00 AM 1:00:00 AM 1:45:00 AM e.coli-43 TSS-5 2:30:00 AM 3:15:00 AM 4:00:00 AM M ay 29th, 2008 Storm Event Flow (cfs) 4:45:00 AM 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.2 0 1 5:30:00 AM e.coli-16 TSS-<2 7/ 17/ 08 4:00 6:15:00 AM 7/ 17/ 08 4:45 7:00:00 AM e.coli-4,611 TSS-264 7/ 17/ 08 5:30 7:45:00 AM 7/ 17/ 08 6:15 8:30:00 AM 7/ 17/ 08 7:00 9:15:00 AM 7/ 17/ 08 7:45 10:00:00 AM 7/ 17/ 08 8:30 10:45:00 AM 7/ 17/ 08 9:15 11:30:00 AM e.coli-2,143 TSS-532 e.coli-12,033 TSS-13 J 7/ 17/ 08 10:00 12:15:00 PM e.coli-3 TSS-<2 uly 17th, 2008 Storm Event 7/ 17/ 08 10:45 1:00:00 PM 130 7/ 17/ 08 11:30 e.coli-14,136 TSS-367 1:45:00 PM 7/ 17/ 08 12:15 2:30:00 PM 7/ 17/ 08 13:00 3:15:00 PM 7/ 17/ 08 13:45 4:00:00 PM e.coli-6,488 TSS-253 7/ 17/ 08 14:30 4:45:00 PM e.coli-147 TSS-<2 7/ 17/ 08 15:15 5:30:00 PM 7/ 17/ 08 16:00 6:15:00 PM 7/ 17/ 08 16:45 7:00:00 PM 7/ 17/ 08 17:30 7:45:00 PM 7/ 17/ 08 18:15 8:30:00 PM 7/ 17/ 08 19:00 9:15:00 PM 7/ 17/ 08 19:45 e.coli-1,467 TSS-147 10:00:00 PM 7/ 17/ 08 20:30 7/ 17/ 08 21:15 7/ 17/ 08 22:00 7/ 17/ 08 22:45 7/ 17/ 08 23:30 7/ 18/ 08 0:15 7/ 18/ 08 1:00 e.coli-315 TSS-66 Site #6 7/ 18/ 08 1:45 7/ 18/ 08 2:30 7/ 18/ 08 3:15 7/ 18/ 08 4:00

2008 M aximum E. coli Concentration by Storm Event 25,000 19,863 E. Coli Bacteria (cfu/ 100 ml) 20,000 14,136 15,000 10,462 10,000 7,270 5,000 2,420 1,300 1,080 118 146 68 0 April May 3rd May 29th J une 5th June 8th J une 12th J uly 17th July 27th J uly 31st March 24th 23rd 2008 TSS Concentration 600 496 500 Total Suspended Solids (mg/ L) 376 400 367 300 220 180 200 168 75 100 50 8 3 0 April May 3rd May 29th J une 5th J une 8th June July 17th J uly 27th J uly 31st March Site #6 24th 12th 23rd

2008 M aximum E. coli Concentration vs. Soil Temperature by Storm Event 25,000 80 75 19,863 E. coli Bacteria (cfu/ 100 ml) 20,000 70 Soil Temperature (F) 65 14,136 15,000 60 10,462 10,000 55 7,270 50 5,000 2,420 45 1,300 1,080 118 146 68 0 40 April May 3rd May J une 5th J une 8th J une July July J uly 31st March 24th 29th 12th 17th 27th 23rd Site #6