Doctoral Ed Doctoral Ed @EPFL: F @EPFL: Future uture De Developments velopments Pierre Vandergheynst VP Education And a bit of st And a bit of statistics atistics 2 Pierre Vandergheynst, VP Education End-of-Thesis survey (all PhDs who succeeded in 2017/18): High degree of satisfaction (but room for improvement) While carrying out PhD research I gained valuable methodological skills During my PhD studies I gained cutting‐edge scientific knowledge I was satisfied with the support for my PhD (thesis direction, facilities,… My PhD training will be a real asset in my future career EPFL has offered me sufficient preparation for my career 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Agree + strongly agree Disagree + strongly disagree EODC 15 years Pierre Vandergheynst, VP Education 1
Doctoral Programs No No EPFL without EDOC EPFL without EDOC 3 Advanced Manufacturing EDAM Pierre Vandergheynst, VP Education Architecture and Sciences of the City EDAR Biotechnology and Bioengineering EDBB 2 500 Computational and Quantitative Biology EDCB 1 772 1 869 1 953 2 029 2 016 1 998 2 068 2 124 2 119 2 212 Doctoral candidates 2 000 Civil and Environmental Engineering EDCE 1 633 1 370 1 422 1 397 1 487 Chemistry and Chemical Engineering EDCH 1 500 1 244 Digital Humanities EDDH 907 1 000 785 690 Electrical Engineering EDEE 500 Energy EDEY Finance EDFI 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Computer, Communication and EDIC Year Information Sciences Mathematics EDMA Mechanics EDME 300 250 Microsystems and Microelectronics EDMI 197 200 Management of Technology EDMT 150 Doctoral candidates 273 Materials Science and Technology EDMX 229 100 191 183 148 Molecular Life Science EDMS 81 66 126 72 40 17 62 115 11 106 18 EODC 15 years 50 98 88 86 5 Neuroscience EDNE 0 EDAM EDAR EDBB EDCB EDCE EDEE EDEY EDIC EDME EDMS EDMX EDNE EDPO EDPY EDRS EDCH EDDH EDFI EDMA EDMI EDMT Photonics EDPO Physics EDPY Doctoral Program Robotics, Control, Intelligent Systems EDRS What is What is the PhD? the PhD? 4 Pierre Vandergheynst, VP Education Training at cutting-edge research Learning to face an unsolved problem • Resilience! • Strategy! • Resourcefulness! A lot of hard work • Hours can’t be estimated • Deal with frustration of research A diploma and therefore education • Some freedom implicit EODC 15 years • Always question the value of the diploma • Learning environment Pierre Vandergheynst, VP Education 2
Pierre Vandergheynst, VP Education EODC 15 years The Job Market for PhD Graduates CHALLENGE ONE CHALLENGE ONE Pierre Vandergheynst, VP Education Pierre Vandergheynst, VP Education 6 5 3
Pierre Vandergheynst, VP Education EODC 15 years EODC 15 years The (idealized) Job Mar The (idealized) Job Market Disposable lab wor Disposable lab workforce ? e ? Pierre Vandergheynst, VP Education Pierre Vandergheynst, VP Education 8 7 4
Challenge: what job? Challenge: what job? 9 Pierre Vandergheynst, VP Education Academic Researcher 17.1% 23.5% R&D Engineer 21.4% 9.8% Other 4.8% 1.6% Consultant (all areas) 4.6% 0.5% Architect / Civil / Environmental Engineer 3.2% 0.4% IT Architect / Developper 2.5% 0.5% Project Manager 2.3% 0.4% EPFL: 15 new prof. / yr Teacher / Lecturer 0.9% 0.5% 450 new PhD / yr Quality Engineer 1.2% → 3% (for Europe this is even lower) Business Analyst 1.1% 0.2% Production / Operations / Logistics Engineer 0.9% Eventually, a very large majority of EPFL’s Networking / Telecom / Systems Engineer 0.9% PhDs go to the non-academic sector Sales / Marketing Executive 0.7% 0.2% Graduate Trainee (GTP) 0.2% 0.2% Support / Test / Commissioning Engineer 0.2% Administrative Manager 0.2% 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0% 35.0% 40.0% 45.0% EODC 15 years PhDs employed in Switzerland PhDs employed abroad Challenge: what job? Challenge: what job? 10 10 Pierre Vandergheynst, VP Education Federal statistics office (2010) PhDs feel they lack some communication, planning, organization, interdisciplinary, and social skills • …….. EODC 15 years Pierre Vandergheynst, VP Education 5
Challenge: what job? Challenge: what job? 11 11 Pierre Vandergheynst, VP Education • After EPFL PhD studies, the starting salary is about the same as that of an MSc with 4 year work experience (doing a PhD is valued as much as work experience ) • PhDs increase slightly faster • During the PhD studies they “lose” 100’000 CHF (which takes many years to recover) But, they have a PhD! EODC 15 years Rem: research from Warwick U shows exactly same trend at EU level Challenge: what job? Challenge: what job? 12 12 Pierre Vandergheynst, VP Education 350 300 250 Nombre de thèses ENAC IC SB STI SV CDM 200 150 100 50 0 27‐30 30‐33 33‐36 36‐39 39‐42 42‐45 45‐48 48‐51 51‐54 54‐57 57‐60 60‐63 63‐66 66‐69 69‐72 72‐75 75‐78 Nombre de mois EODC 15 years Pierre Vandergheynst, VP Education 6
Actions Actions 13 13 Pierre Vandergheynst, VP Education • Pilot projects like EPFLinnovators • Test different requirements leading to graduate profiles sought by economy and society • Revise transversal skills policy of EDOC • Keep adding offer and structure to transversal skills • Aim at keeping duration of PhD “at bay” EODC 15 years 14 14 Pierre Vandergheynst, VP Education CHALLENGE T CHALLENGE TWO A Mental Health Crisis? EODC 15 years Pierre Vandergheynst, VP Education 7
15 15 Pierre Vandergheynst, VP Education EODC 15 years Ment Mental Health Crisis? al Health Crisis? 16 16 Pierre Vandergheynst, VP Education The study states that 32 % of PhD students are at risk of having or developing a common psychiatric disorder, especially depression. This number was significantly higher than those for the comparison groups. These disorders can be linked to the work-family interface, job demands and job control, the supervisor’s leadership style, team decision-making culture, and perceptions of a career outside of academia. Other factors also contribute, such as increased workloads intensification and the pace of change EODC 15 years Work organization and mental health problems in PhD student https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2017.02.00 Pierre Vandergheynst, VP Education 8
From 20 om 2019 EPFL Sur 9 EPFL Survey ey 17 17 EODC 15 years 18 18 Pierre Vandergheynst, VP Education The way The way ahead ahead Some directions to make it all better EODC 15 years Pierre Vandergheynst, VP Education 9
We have no have no “magic w “magic wand” but … and” but … 19 19 Pierre Vandergheynst, VP Education PhD experience revisited • Learn to build and use a network • A one-stop shop for problems • Develop a culture of fellowships Develop skills for all and “brand” PhD for its uniqueness • Career development should be a growing concern • Transversal skills should be encouraged. How? • Academia should highlight PhD for its unique value Leadership program EODC 15 years • Many don’t go to academia? Great! • Encourage career paths that serve society Pierre Vandergheynst, VP Education 10
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