LTE WLAN B LTE, WLAN, B LUETOOTH AND OO F UTURE F UTURE Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Commonwealth of Learning Vancouver MOOC on M4D 2013
4G LTE 4G LTE • LTE (Long Term Evolution) is the 4G wireless cellular standard developed by the 3GPP (3 rd G Generation Partnership Project) i P hi P j ) alliance • 3GPP is the group which also oversaw the development of UMTS (Universal Mobile ( Telecommunication System) S Standard d d – In that sense LTE is an Evolution of UMTS UMTS MOOC on M4D 2013
LTE LTE • The corresponding evolution of the core network comprising of the GPRS/3G Packet p g core is termed as SAE (System Architecture Evolution) Evolution) MOOC on M4D 2013
Aims of LTE Aims of LTE • LTE is mainly aimed at meeting the high demand for data access over wireless networks • These include applications such as • These include applications such as – Online Gaming with Multimedia – Mobile TV – Broadband content streaming such as videos, g , movies etc MOOC on M4D 2013
LTE Timeline 2000 3GPP Release 99 Air Interface 2001 2001 3GPP Release 4/ Deployed in Japan 3GPP Release 4/ Deployed in Japan 2002 3GPP Release 5, IMS, HSDPA, Commercial Deployment in Europe 2004 3GPP Release 6, HSDPA, MBMS, Work started on LTE 2007 3GPP Release 7, HSPA+, VOIP 2008 Preliminary version with Release 8 2010 2010 Targeted first deployment Targeted first deployment MOOC on M4D 2013
Cellular Data Rate Evolution Cellular Data Rate Evolution 3GPP R99 3GPP R5 3GPP R6 3GPP R7 3GPP R8 LTE: 160 Mbps HSPA: 42 Mbps LTE: 50 Mbps 28 Mbps DL Peak Rate DL Peak Rate 11 Mbps 14 Mbps 14 Mbps 5.7 Mbps 0.4 Mbps p 0.4 Mbps UL Peak Rate MOOC on M4D 2013 0.4 Mbps
LTE Features LTE Features • Based on OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division ( g q y Multiplexing) – Built for High Speed broadband Wireless Access g p • High spectral Efficiency – Up to 6 bits/ symbol (64 QAM) ( Q ) • Very high data rates – Approximately 200 ‐ 300 Mbps in the downlink and 50 ‐ 100 Mbps in the Mbps in the downlink and 50 100 Mbps in the uplink • Supports TDD (Time Division Duplexing) and • Supports TDD (Time Division Duplexing) and Frequency Division Duplexing MOOC on M4D 2013
LTE Features LTE Features • Bandwidth Scalability – 1 4 MHz to 20 MHz Bandwidth Scalability 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz, depending on availability of spectrum • Supports multiple and Advanced antenna processing. p g – In particular, MIMO can be used to achieve high data rates data rates • All interfaces and backhaul based on IP – Easy to integrate with existing internet based service infrastructure MOOC on M4D 2013
LTE Features LTE Features • QoS Aspects – Ensures strict quality of service QoS Aspects Ensures strict quality of service compliance with all services such as voice quality video quality delay and latency in quality, video quality, delay and latency in video streaming etc • Seamless roaming over existing 2G and 3G networks – Backward compatibility where 4G infrastructure does not exist does not exist MOOC on M4D 2013
W ILRELESS LAN – W IFI , 802.11 STANDARDS , MOOC on M4D 2013
Wireless LAN Wireless LAN • With LANs (Local Area Networks), primarily p y based on Ethernet, becoming popular in the late 90s the stage was set for the late 90s, the stage was set for the development of wireless LANs – As the name implies, integration of LAN and A th i li i t ti f LAN d wireless technologies • Provide flexibility and mobility in indoor environment MOOC on M4D 2013
WiFi Architecture WiFi Architecture Wireless LAN WiFi WiFi WiFi Device Internet Device WiFi Device WiFi WiFi Device WiFi ADSL Modem Device Device WiFi Device Access WiFi WiFi P i Point Server Device MOOC on M4D 2013
Wireless LAN Wireless LAN • Typically operate in Unlicensed bands such as – ISM (Industrial, Scientific, Medical) band ( , , ) – U ‐ NII (Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure) band Infrastructure) band • This unlicensed nature allows for development and deployment by multiple d l d d l b l i l operators, vendors – Especially for educational and medical purposes MOOC on M4D 2013
WLAN WLAN • WLANs can provide connectivity in hotspot areas, homes, offices etc. • Typical settings include – Coffee shops, airports, transit hubs, conferences C ff h i t t it h b f – Universities, Schools, educational institutions – Offices, government institutions, Homes, community centres MOOC on M4D 2013
802 11 Standards 802.11 Standards • WLANs are predominantly dominated by 802.11x based devices also termed as WiFi. • The development of 802.11 suite of standards was led by IEEE (Institute of standards was led by IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) • Various 802.11 standards are summarized in the next slide along with the timeline the next slide along with the timeline MOOC on M4D 2013
WLAN Technologies and Timeline WLAN Technologies and Timeline 802 11 802.11 Year Year Bandwidth Bandwidth Data Rate Data Rate Technology Technology Standars 802.11a 802 11a 1999 1999 20 MHz 20 MHz 6 54 Mbps 6 ‐ 54 Mbps OFDM (Orthogonal OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) p g) 802.11b 1999 20 MHz 1 ‐ 11 Mbps DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) p p 802.11g 2003 20 MHz 6 ‐ 54 Mbps OFDM, DSSS 802.11n 802.11n 2009 2009 20, 40 MHz 20, 40 MHz ~10 – 150 10 150 OFDM OFDM Mbps 802.11 ac 2012 20 ‐ 160 MHz 850 Mbps p OFDM MOOC on M4D 2013
WLAN Advantages WLAN Advantages • Advantages – Mobility, leads to higher efficiency and y, g y productivity – Cost effective ownership and installation Cost effective ownership and installation (Compared to hard wired infrastructure) – Enables dynamic network reconfigurability Enables dynamic network reconfigurability (hardward software upgrades). MOOC on M4D 2013
WLAN Equipment WLAN Equipment • WLAN Adapter p • These provide an interface between the operating p g system and wireless radio signals g – Typically PCMCIA, Card bus, PCI and USB. • Allows laptops, desktops and other devices to connect to WLAN MOOC on M4D 2013
WLAN Equipment WLAN Equipment • Access point • Equivalent of a LAN hub Equivalent of a LAN hub • Connected with the network backbone • Communicates with WLAN adapter through radio signal transmission from antenna g MOOC on M4D 2013
WLAN Equipment WLAN Equipment • Access Point A P i • Range approximately 20 ‐ 500 metres • Supports approximately 15 ‐ pp pp y 100 users • Multiple APs with Multiple APs with overlapping coverage necessary for uninterrupted y p connectivity MOOC on M4D 2013
WLAN Equipment WLAN Equipment • WLAN Bridges • Provide wireless connectivity between two Provide wireless connectivity between two WLAN networks • Reduces the cost of deploying wired R d h f d l i i d infrastructure MOOC on M4D 2013
IEEE 802 11 Architecture IEEE 802.11 Architecture • Two types of 802.11 architecture • Infrastructure Network Infrastructure Network – Several devices connect to an access point – Access point serves as point of contact between A i i f b network and each device • This is the most popular configuration MOOC on M4D 2013
IEEE 802 11 Architecture IEEE 802.11 Architecture • Point ‐ to ‐ Point (Ad hoc Network) – Creates and supports mutual communication pp between different wireless clients – Does not require access points Does not require access points – Also, commonly known as a peer to peer network network MOOC on M4D 2013
IEEE 802 11 Architecture IEEE 802.11 Architecture WiFi Device WiFi WiFi WiFi WiFi Device Device WiFi WiFi Device Device Device WiFi Device Device Ad hoc Network Ad hoc Network MOOC on M4D 2013
802 11 Channel Spacing 802.11 Channel Spacing • Channel Spacing looks as below – 22 MHz channels placed 25 MHz apart p p Minimum Channel Spacing Between Center Spacing Between Center Frequencies 25 MHz 25 MHz #1 #6 #11 2.4 GHz 2.412 GHz 2.462 GHz 22MHz 2.437 GHz MOOC on M4D 2013
WPAN B LUETOOTH MOOC on M4D 2013
WPAN WPAN • WPAN stands for Wireless Personal Area Networks • Bluetooth is one of the dominant WPAN dominant WPAN standards – The technical number for Bluetooth is IEEE 802.15.1 MOOC on M4D 2013
Bluetooth Bluetooth • Bluetooth is intended as a Bl h i i d d cable replacement technology t h l • Supports a small area ad hoc network (ie no fixed ( infrastucture) • Connects devices such as, – PDAs, Printers, Cellphones, Storage Devices, Set ‐ top boxes etc MOOC on M4D 2013
Bluetooth Characteristics Bluetooth Characteristics Headset Headset • Low power consumption Tablet/ Mobile – Ideal for miniature PDA Phone Phone devices Laptop/ p p/ • Range 0 • Range 0 – 10 m – Small 10 m Small Computer scale networks Laptop • Rates – 20 – 100 Kbps Printer approximately approximately Mouse Mouse MOOC on M4D 2013
Bluetooth Characteristics Bluetooth Characteristics • Size ‐ ~ 1 inch • Low cost ~ 10 – 100$ Low cost 10 100$ • Multiple networks and multiple devices – Minimum Interference MOOC on M4D 2013
F UTURE WIRELESS F UTURE WIRELESS T ECHNOLOGIES MOOC on M4D 2013
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