Development of fast timing detectors at Fermilab Anatoly Ronzhin - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Development of fast timing detectors at Fermilab Anatoly Ronzhin FNAL detector generic R&D program October 29, 2014, Fermilab

FNAL. Development of fast timing detectors at Fermilab. Collaboration with SLAC, ANL, MCP-PMT and SiPMs producers around the globe, PSI, lot of US Universities. I. Best timing photodetectors: MCP PMT (Photek240, Photonis , Hamamatsu…) 1. 2. LAPPD 3. SiPMs (almost all SiPMs produced in the world were tested) II. Readout: 1. DRS4 Ortec’s units 2. 3. PSEC4, DSA7125B Tektronix serial analyser, Hydra, etc. III. Application: Beam line TOF (FTBF, CERN, Minerva, etc…) 1. Calorimeters, Showers maximum (SEC, Crystals, “ shashlik ”) 2. 3. Medical (PET TOF, pCT). The results of our study, years 2012-2014, (> 10 articles, published in NIM and IEEE). 2 Anatoly Ronzhin, Development of fast timing detectors at Fermilab, October 29, 2014

• Photodetectors timing properties almost totally could be characterized by three parameters: a) Single Photoelectron (SP) output pulse shape (we name it “SP response function”; b) SP time resolution (SPTR); c) SP noise (it is special issue, we have spent a lot of time to study it influence on TR, it is no time to discuss it here). • We always use some electronics for readout in timing systems. “Electronic” time resolution is the time jitter for two portions of the same signals applied as “start” and “stop” (from the same source) to electronic system measuring the time interval between them. The “electronic” time resolution is the one of the main parameters of such a systems and should be much smaller that time jitter of used detectors. • We use Pilas laser as light source (17 ps, sigma, light pulse) with 405 nm (blue) and 635 nm (red) light in our photodetectors bench test. We achieved ~2 ps “electronic” time resolution for our timing systems. New method to calibrate readout proposed and tested. 3 Anatoly Ronzhin, Development of fast timing detectors at Fermilab, Oct. 29, 2014, FNAL

FNAL. Timing of the Photek 240, Photonis MCP-PMT. Ortec, DRS4, DSA7125 readout Photonis Photek 240 Timing nonuniformity across 41 mm diameter <1.7 ps DSA7125B digital serial analyser, 20 ps sampling, borrowed from AD, we made database for Spicing “Development of a 10 ps level time of flight systems in the Fermilab Test Beam Facility”. A. Ronzhin, M. Albrow, M. Demarteau, S. Los, S. Malik, A. Pronko, E. Ramberg, A. Zatserklianiy. NIM, A 623 (2010) 931-941. 4 Anatoly Ronzhin

MCP-PMTs output signal shapes (FWHM <1 ns), SPTR, ~30 ps – the best in the world Photek 210, specs Photek 240 Photek 240, Photek 240 DRS4 sampling SPTR vs HV Photek 240, Single phe ampl. spectrum single phe Setup for picosecond level photodetectors study based on Ortec units and PiLas laser made at SiDet. MCP-PMTs output signal shapes (FWHM <1 ns), time resolution (TR) at picosecond level explored, MCP-PMTs, Photek240, SPTR ~30 ps Photonis, etc. Single photoelectron time resolution (SPTR), measured. SPTR ~30 ps – the best in the world obtained. 5 Anatoly Ronzhin

FNAL involvement (Anatoly Ronzhin, Greg Sellberg, Erik Ramberg, Eileen Hahn, Pavel Murat, photocathode production, MCP metallization, etc.) into Large Area Picosecond Photodetector (LAPPD) from beginning of the project. 6 Anatoly Ronzhin

Three different technology used to optimize photocathode (ANL, China, IHEP Protvino – 15 years experience to produce PMT used, ~22% of blue QE for 17.5x17.5 cm2 of PC . 7 Anatoly Ronzhin

FNAL, ANL, UC mutual efforts to get 7”x7” PC with ~ 20% of QE v . “Development of an alkali transfer photocathode for large area micro channel plate -based photodetectors .” Zikri Yusof, Klaus Attenkofer, Marcel Demarteau, Henry Frisch, Joe Gregar, Sharon Jelinsky, Seon Woo Lee, Jason McPhate, Richard Northrop, Alexander Paramonov, Anatoly Ronzhin, Greg Sellberg, Oswald Siegmund, Robert Wagner, Dean Walters, Xie. NIM, 3(2012) pp. 733 – 739. 8 Anatoly Ronzhin

UC, ANL, FNAL, (MCP metallization), INCOM, Micro Channel Plate (MCP), LAPPD MCP is a slab made from highly resistive material of typically 2 mm thickness MCP materials: lead or borosilicate glass, with a regular array of tiny tubes (micro channels) leading from one face to aluminum oxide, etc. Different technology the opposite, densely distributed over the whole surface. developed to produce MCP. Metallization process is covering MCP by NiCr, to make electrical contact for HV leads, FNAL duty . LAPPD MCP A standard MCP is produced by chemical etching of a fused fiber optic that is produced using specialized (and expensive) core and clad glass. The core glass is etched away from the plate and the cladding is hydrogen fired to produce a thin layer of semi- conducting reduced lead oxide on the surface of the MCP pores. INCOM’s MCP is fabricated using a unique hollow draw process that eliminates the need for a specialized core glass that needs to be removed 9 Anatoly Ronzhin

Important. During the last LAPPD review at ANL on October 21, 2014, we agreed to test the 6 cm x 6 cm MCP-PMT, produced at Argonne as an active layer of the SM detector at FNAL in frame of T-1058, TB experiment, secondary emission calorimeter, SEC. Performance of 6x6 cm2 Photodetectors, Jingbo Wang, ANL report at internal LAPPD review on Oct 21, 2014 10 Anatoly Ronzhin

FNAL. Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM). PC boards made by S. Los. We have tested timing properties (pulse shape, SPTR, noise, etc…) for almost all SiPms, produced around the globe. We have direct contact with producers to improve the timing. We introduced new method to trim SiPm signal to get better timing response . FNAL SCHEMATICS TO TRIM SiPM SIGNAL OUT “Waveform analysis of SiPM signals with DRS4 board”. E. Ramberg, A. Ronzhin, A. Zatserklyaniy. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Physics Procedia, 37 (2012) pp. 800 – 802 11 Anatoly Ronzhin

FNAL, start with 1x1mm2 MPPC and IRST, Italy. Study of MPPC TR, SPTR, noise. ‘ Few readout schematics at SiDet, Setup at SiDet with PiLas, SiPm with Time resolution dependence on Ortec TAC567+AD114, 3.1ps/ch, preamp, laser head are shown. Light photoelectrons number, MPPC ~16k of chs, 9327 Ortec CFD strongly suppressed for SPTR measure The influence of WL on SPTR was noticed Dependent on SiPm structure. Left slide is MPPC. SPTR is better for red light. Right side is IRST. SPTR is better for blue light. The effect was understood and explained. Depends on SiPm structure. STM made P on N, results presented. “Test of timing properties of silicon photomultipliers” A. Ronzhin, M. Albrow, K.Byrum, M Demarteau, S.Los, E. May, E. Ramberg, J. Vavra, A. Zatserklianiy, NIM, A 616 (2010), 38-44. 12 Anatoly Ronzhin

We continue timing study with STM. We found SPTR dependence on WL, and silicon structure. Direct contacts with producers to improve timing, M. Mazzillo, STM. SiPM size is up to 5x5 mm2 ‘ The P on N structure tested only with PiLas at Fermilab and shows better SPTR timing than N on P. The presented test beam results refer only to N on P. P on N test will be next. Noise amplitude <1 mV/50 Ohm. SPTR is also dependent on SiPm size, pixel size, OV, temperature. Better for smaller SiPm size. SPTR is about 70 ps for 1x1mm2 diode size, 170ps for 3.5x3.3mm2. SPTR Improved with overvoltage increase. “High Fill Factor P -on-N Silicon Photomultipliers for Blue Light Detection”.Massimo Mazzillo, Anatoly Ronzhin, Sergey Los, Salvatore Abbisso, Delfo Sanfilippo, Giusy Valvo, Beatrice Carbone, Angelo Piana, Giorgio Fallica, Mike Albrow and Erik Ramberg. 2012 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging (NSS/MIC), N1-187 13 Anatoly Ronzhin

FNAL collaboration with STM to improve timing, up to 5x5 mm2 SiPMs 420 nm ~ 50% of the photons absorbs in 150 nm of Si “Electro -Optical Performances of p-on-n and n-on-p Silicon Photomultipliers”. Massimo Mazzillo, Anatoly Ronzhin, Sergey Los, Salvatore Abbisso, Delfo Sanfilippo, Giusy Valvo, Beatrice Carbone, Angelo Piana, Giorgio Fallica, Michael Albrow and Erik Ramberg. IEEE . TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES, VOL. 59, NO. 12, DECEMBER 2012, p. 3419 14 Anatoly Ronzhin

Why SiPms and DRS4 for the fast TOF application? direct contact with Stefan Ritt, PSI • the avalanche spread is very fast. Single photoelectron time resolution (SPTR) is at the level of 100 ps, our SPTR measurements approved it. • perfect single photoelectrons spectra which allows easy calibration. • PDE for the blue light is at the level of 50%. For TOF we don’t care too much about optical crosstalk. But we also studied SiPm with tranches. • non sensitivity to magnetic field, what extend SiPm TOF application. • low amount of material introduced into the particle’s path to get few tens picosecond time resolution. • “high” voltage bias applied to SiPms is only 30 -70 Volts. • the industrial sensitive size of SiPms is 5x5mm2 is currently available • SiPms produced with almost edgeless design, which allows produce different geometry, like matrix, cells in line, etc. • temperature and bias voltage stability requirements defined to keep few ps level. It is not a problem now for TOF application. • we involved in STM study and have perfect feedback with producers. • DRS4, waveform digitizer, 5Gs/s (200 ps/sample), 500 MHz BW, 10 bits depth/ch.; allows to measure time interval with few ps accuracy and pulse height (PH) simultaneously at low cost (wrt. Ortec). Last version #4 with <1 mV/50 Ohm noise floor. 3 15 Anatoly Ronzhin