Development and the environment, a non-linear relationship? Johanna Choumert & Pascale Combes Motel CERDI Université d’Auvergne What goals for post-2015 development? - 1 Paris 15th February 2013
Background • Environment and Development, is there a causal link? – Long term view: environment => development e.g. Ashraf & Michalopoulos (2013) – Shorter term view: development => environment e.g. Beckerman: “[…] there is clear evidence that, although economic growth usually leads to environmental deterioration in the early stages of the process, in the end the best - and probably the only - way to attain a decent environment in most countries is to become rich.” What goals for post-2015 development? - 2 Paris 15th February 2013
1- Several theoretical arguments Source: The World Bank 1992 What goals for post-2015 development? - 3 Paris 15th February 2013
1- Several theoretical arguments • Pessimism vs Optimism Source: S. Dasgupta et al. 2002 What goals for post-2015 development? - 4 Paris 15th February 2013
1- Several theoretical arguments • Theoretical flaws Source : Tisdell 2001, p.188 What goals for post-2015 development? - 5 Paris 15th February 2013
1- Several theoretical arguments • Decoupling environmental bads from economic goods Source : (United Nations Environment Programme 2011, p.5) What goals for post-2015 development? - 6 Paris 15th February 2013
2 – The environmental Kuznets curve for deforestation 120 100 Number of observations 80 60 40 20 0 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Year of publication EKC no EKC What goals for post-2015 development? - 7 Paris 15th February 2013
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