Institute for Global Environmental Strategies （ IGES) Kitakyushu Urban Centre DECENTRALISED COMPOSTING IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: Lessons Learned from Surabaya City, Indonesia D.G.J.PREMAKUMARA Policy Researcher, IGES A Workshop on Capacity Building on Accounting and Utilising GHG Emission Reduction Measures for Local Waste Management Actors in Developing Asian Countries, 29-31 August 2011, Battambang, Cambodia
DECENTRALISED COMPOSTING IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: Lessons Learned from Surabaya City, Indonesia Presentation outline • Introduction to Decentralised Composting in Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) • Discussion on Surabaya’s Case Study • Identify Potential and Challenges of GHG Emissions Reduction through Decentralised Composting • Conclusion and Recommendation IGES -KUC| http://www.iges.or.jp D.G.J.PREMAKUMARA, 29 August 2011
DECENTRALISED COMPOSTING IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: Lessons Learned from Surabaya City, Indonesia Developing cities in Asia are facing tremendous challenge to dispose the solid waste in environmental friendly manner IGES -KUC| http://www.iges.or.jp D.G.J.PREMAKUMARA, 29 August 2011
DECENTRALISED COMPOSTING IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: Lessons Learned from Surabaya City, Indonesia The un-taped potential of organic waste in MSWM Estimates show that over half of the waste generated in developing nations in Asia is organic and easily can be composted, but not effectively utilised Source: Visvanathan (2006), APO (2007), Sang-Arun et al. (2011), Premakumara (2010 ) IGES -KUC| http://www.iges.or.jp D.G.J.PREMAKUMARA, 29 August 2011
DECENTRALISED COMPOSTING IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: Lessons Learned from Surabaya City, Indonesia Decentralised approach for composting In decentralised composting, waste is composted near its source using appropriate technology such as small-scale, labour intensive, locally acceptable, and economically affordable. Backyard Composting or Household Composting (this approach is feasible for households with a high level of composting awareness and a garden for placing the drum and/or for using the product compost). Community Composting Centers (these schemes are usually small scale and are integrated with the residential waste collection system. The waste is either sorted at source or it is sorted after collection, depending on the degree of initiative taken by the residents) IGES -KUC| http://www.iges.or.jp D.G.J.PREMAKUMARA, 29 August 2011
DECENTRALISED COMPOSTING IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: Lessons Learned from Surabaya City, Indonesia Decentralised Vs Centralised Composting Decentralised Centralised IGES -KUC| http://www.iges.or.jp D.G.J.PREMAKUMARA, 29 August 2011
DECENTRALISED COMPOSTING IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: Lessons Learned from Surabaya City, Indonesia Case study of Surabaya City East Indonesia JAKARTA SURABAYA The city of 3 million people (2010) is the second largest city in Indonesia and serves as an important commercial and industrial capital of East Java Source: Ema, 2011 IGES -KUC| http://www.iges.or.jp D.G.J.PREMAKUMARA, 29 August 2011
DECENTRALISED COMPOSTING IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: Lessons Learned from Surabaya City, Indonesia Expansion of city with its urbanisation Source: Ema, 2011 IGES -KUC| http://www.iges.or.jp D.G.J.PREMAKUMARA, 29 August 2011
DECENTRALISED COMPOSTING IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: Lessons Learned from Surabaya City, Indonesia Two-tiered System of MSWM in Surabaya (under the Community Primary Collection (Copricol) Law in 1980) Responsibility of Community (Kampong). Waste collection is organised by Community-based Organisation (Rukun Warga). Residents pay for waste collection Transfer station Collection by RW H/H storage Responsibility of the Cleansing and Landscaping Department of the city. Residents pay for collection Commercial/industrial Collection by the city IGES -KUC| http://www.iges.or.jp D.G.J.PREMAKUMARA, 29 August 2011
DECENTRALISED COMPOSTING IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: Lessons Learned from Surabaya City, Indonesia SWM became a serious environmental issue in Surabaya The total waste generation was 1,800 tons per day in 2004 (residential 68%, markets 16%. Commercial/industrial 11%, streets and open spaces 5%) The city’s waste collection coverage only 70% rest left in the streets, ditches and open spaces Keputih final disposal site was closed in 2001 due to public opposition and only final site at Benowa is over capacity and finding a new site is difficult due to a scarcity of public lands Disposal site was not well developed and open dumping and burning were common practices IGES -KUC| http://www.iges.or.jp D.G.J.PREMAKUMARA, 29 August 2011
DECENTRALISED COMPOSTING IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: Lessons Learned from Surabaya City, Indonesia Model Community in Kampong Rungkut Lor developed under the technical cooperation of Kitakyushu City, Japan Educated women to start H/H business from recycling materials Educated residents to separate waste at source and use of compost bin Educated residents to start organic farming at H/H and community Collected H/H waste Model community for community separately based SWM (200 H/H) Organic waste treated at composting center Rest sell in Market IGES -KUC| http://www.iges.or.jp D.G.J.PREMAKUMARA, 29 August 2011
DECENTRALISED COMPOSTING IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: Lessons Learned from Surabaya City, Indonesia Development of SWM Strategy based on the success of model community under the strong political support of the Mayor Organic waste shares more than half of total amount of waste generation Prioratise reduction of organic waste Promote Decentralised Composting Waste sorting at source Composting at H/H Composting centers Promote recycled products integrating informal sector Source: KITA, 2002. IGES -KUC| http://www.iges.or.jp D.G.J.PREMAKUMARA, 29 August 2011
DECENTRALISED COMPOSTING IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: Lessons Learned from Surabaya City, Indonesia Public awareness campaign Counseling activities Counseling to Counseling to counseling Counseling to Businessman community To student officer Environmental campaign Socialization in school Source: Ema, 2011 IGES -KUC| http://www.iges.or.jp D.G.J.PREMAKUMARA, 29 August 2011
DECENTRALISED COMPOSTING IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: Lessons Learned from Surabaya City, Indonesia Recruitment of Facilitators and training of Environmental Leaders (Cadres) for community mobilisation Community Facilitators Number 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Year Environmental Leaders (Cadres) Number Developed training materials for awareness Year raising Source: Ema, 2011 Source: Rismaharini, 2011 IGES -KUC| http://www.iges.or.jp D.G.J.PREMAKUMARA, 29 August 2011
DECENTRALISED COMPOSTING IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: Lessons Learned from Surabaya City, Indonesia Support for starting composting programmes Distribution of Composting Bin to H/H Number Distribution of compost bins to attended to training and willing to do residents (Over 20,000 H/H) Source: Rismaharini, 2011 Provide necessary support for starting community composting centres: cleansing tools, composting tools, lands and capital cost for building, and buying composting products for city greening IGES -KUC| http://www.iges.or.jp D.G.J.PREMAKUMARA, 29 August 2011
DECENTRALISED COMPOSTING IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: Lessons Learned from Surabaya City, Indonesia Distribution of Composting Centres in the City (16 composting centers operate to treat 110 tonnes of organic waste in the city) Source: Ema, 2011 IGES -KUC| http://www.iges.or.jp D.G.J.PREMAKUMARA, 29 August 2011
DECENTRALISED COMPOSTING IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: Lessons Learned from Surabaya City, Indonesia Promotion of Recycled Product Village integrating informal businesses with private sector Source: Rismaharini, 2011 IGES -KUC| http://www.iges.or.jp D.G.J.PREMAKUMARA, 29 August 2011
DECENTRALISED COMPOSTING IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: Lessons Learned from Surabaya City, Indonesia Establish both rewarding and law enforcements for motivating community to participate Number of communities wiling to Rewards are given to the communities willing to participate contest to Surabaya Green and through Surabaya Green and Clean Programme Clean Award has been increased Reward s are given to Outstanding Environmental Leaders at the Number National Day Awarding Ceremony Year Source: Ema, 2011 Strict in law enforcement to the communities not properly handle the SWM IGES -KUC| http://www.iges.or.jp D.G.J.PREMAKUMARA, 29 August 2011
DECENTRALISED COMPOSTING IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: Lessons Learned from Surabaya City, Indonesia Motivation of Staff and Local Politicians Capacity building (locally and internationally) for staff and local politicians Recognition of its efforts at national and international level Source: ema, 2011 IGES -KUC| http://www.iges.or.jp D.G.J.PREMAKUMARA, 29 August 2011
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