de deployment of f ad-ho hoc LoRa a so solu lutions s for r ru rural ral appli applicat ations s in Afri Africa: a: fe feedbac backs ks fr from H2020 WAZ AZIUP & & WAZ AZIHUB LPWAN scientific days July 11-12, 2019, INSA Lyon, Lyon Presented by Ehsan Muhammad (senior researcher in WAZIHUB) Prof. Congduc Pham IoT – from idea to reality http://www.univ-pau.fr/~cpham Université de Pau, France
Low-cost IoT http://blog.atmel.com/2015/12/16/rewind- Arduino Pro Mini 50-of-the-best-boards-from-2015/ http://blog.atmel.com/2015/04/09/25-dev- boards-to-help-you-get-started-on-your- LoPy next-iot-project/ ATmega328P 3.3v 8bit, 8MHz, 32K flash, 2K RAM Teensy 3.2 Expressif ESP32 Theairboard STM32 Nucleo-32 LinkIt Smart7688 duo Heltec ESP32 + OLED SodaqOnev2 Adafruit Feather Tinyduino Sparkfun ESP32 Tessel 3 Thing
Reduce development cost & time 10-15kms Moisture/ setup Temperature of storage areas xxxxxx measure Physical Physical Physical sensor sensor sensor (encrypt) transmit Arduino Pro Mini @3.3V Activity Physical duty-cycle, sensor sleep low power mgmt wake-up Logical AES Long-range sensor encryption transmission mgmt 4
Low-power for longer lifetime! wakes-up every 10min, take a measure and send to GW Can run more than 2 years with 1 measure/10min Can run several years with 1 measure/1h 2500mAh 5μA in deep sleep mode, about 40mA when active and sending! 5
Cost of data encryption 56° lens q AES128 ucamII CS Pin 1 AES128 on Arduino ProMini 8MHz Pin 1 SCK 3.3v Encryption time TX RX MOSI MISO CS UART1 37256 40000 34760 76° lens 32280 ENCRYPTION TIME IN US 35000 29784 27304 30000 24832 22352 3.3v GND RAW SCK + 25000 19872 17392 20000 14912 12146 15000 2496496874649944 116° lens 10000 5000 0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 MESSAGE SIZE IN BYTES q Lightweight Stream Cipher (LSC) LSC vs AES on Arduino ProMini LSC vs AES on Teensy32 Encryption time Encryption time LSC AES LSC AES 14912173921987222352248322730429784322803476037256 40000 5000 Encryption time in us Encryption time in us 857 1143 1427 1715 1998 2283 2568 2855 3139 3426 3709 3995 4282 4000 30000 3000 20000 2496 4968 7464 9944 12146 2000 10000 574 952 1232 1536 1816 2104 2400 2704 2992 3296 3568 3872 4144 4448 1000 287 161 173 105 116 128 141 150 352 632 37 51 60 71 82 94 15 26 0 0 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 Message size in bytes Message size in bytes 6 Work in collaboration with R. Couturier (Univ. Franche Comté) and Hassan Noura (American University of Beirut)
Generic sensing IoT device v.s. Highly specialized q Build low-cost, low-power, long-range enabled generic platform q Methodology for low-cost platform design q Technology transfers to user communities, economic actors, stakeholders,… Arduino Pro Mini @3.3V Activity Physical duty-cycle, sensor low power mgmt Logical AES Long-range sensor encryption transmission mgmt 7
From Unparallel for WAZIUP
100% open-source code templates LowCostLoRaGw github has latest general distribution: https://github.com/CongducPham/LowCostLoRaGw Many examples using various temp/hum sensors https://github.com/CongducPham/LowCostLoRaGw/tree/master/Arduino 11
From full Do-It-Yourself approach GND CS VCC CLK MISO MOSI 12
…to simple PCB for easy integration https://github.com/FabienFerrero/UCA_Board 1.5€ 5€ <1€ 13
Open, versatile IoT gateway Raspberry PI: lots of libraries, lots of software, lots of hardware, lots of shields,… 14
Deployment in rural areas no Internet L q deploying IoT in very isolated areas… q … where internet and electricity are not stable! ? ? 15
Autonomous gateway Link to a short demo video of the collar web 16 interface: https://youtu.be/meFDav1SLPI
City environment high building=large coverage q LoRaWAN gateway on top of DSP building by F. Ferrero (U. Nice), U. Danang and DSP team. Congrats Fabien! 8-10kms in urban +26kms in LOS! See TTN Mapper rssi: -118dBm https://ttnmapper.org/ snr: 0.8dB 17 distance: 25800m
Deployment in rural areas no high building L q Expected range: about 2-4kms q 1-hop connectivity to gateway is difficult to achieve in real-world, remote, rural scenarios 18
2-hop long-range approach q smart, transparent relay node should be able to be inserted at anytime between end-devices and gateway to increase range n 3 Gateway Relay-device End-device q 2 possible approaches q Use periodic & short Channel Activity Detection (CAD) to detect uplink messages (recent draft from Semtech) q Use an observation phase (full receive mode) to determine device's schedule 19
Our relay's design choices q Observation phase + data forwarding phase q CAD reliability decreases as distance increases q A CAD returning false does not mean that there is no activity! q On-the-fly learning of incoming traffic from end- devices: observation phase q Just-in-time wake up in data forwarding phase q Deep sleep between 2 wake up q No additional hardware ➔ low-cost sensor nodes can be recycled as relay node Arduino Pro Mini @3.3V RFM95W M. Diop and C. Pham, "Increased flexibility in long- range IoT deployments with transparent and light- weight 2-hop LoRa approach", 11th Wireless Days conference, Manchester, UK, April 23-25, 2019. 20
Extending with similarity detection q Find similarities between measures to avoid both waking-up and transmission to gateway q Reduce energy consumption + help enforcing duty-cycle Gateway Relay-device End-device 1 hour similarity detection phase C. Pham, A. Makhoul and M. Diop, "Similarity Detection for Smart and Transparent Long-Range IoT Relaying", Proceedings of the 24th International 1 4 6 2 7 3 8 5 1 4 6 2 7 3 8 5 1 4 6 2 7 3 8 5 1 4 6 2 7 3 8 5 1 4 6 2 7 3 8 5 1 4 6 2 7 3 8 5 Symposium on Computers and Communications sensing period (ISCC'19), Barcelona, Spain, June 30-July 3rd, 2019. 21 observation phase
Scaling up! Feb 2016 - 2019 May 2018 - 2021 WAZIUP has been developing the open, low-cost IoT technologies/frameworks and use-cases WAZIHUB will focus on dissemination, community building and entrepreneurship 22
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