LoRa details Ermanno Pietrosemoli LoRa and LoRaWAN LoRa is - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

LoRa details Ermanno Pietrosemoli

LoRa and LoRaWAN LoRa is strictly physical layer, and is proprietary. Chip manufacturers include Semtech, Microchip and Hope RF. LoRaWAN is an open standard that adds the MAC, networking and application layers that provide required functionalities like managing medium access, security and so on.

LoRaWAN End Devices LoRa signals IP traffic, encrypted for security

LoRaWAN

LoRaWAN Gateways listen in 8 frequencies simultaneously, in every spreading factor at each frequency Collisions prevented by maximum duty cycle limitations per frequency If nevertheless, there is a collision, the strongest packet prevails

https://media.ccc.de/v/33c3-7945-decoding_the_lora_phye o&t=895

Forward Error Correction (FEC) Technique of adding redundant (parity) bits to the transmission so that errors can be recovered at the reception. The coding rate refers to the proportion of transmitted bits that actually carry information. Coding rate can be 6/8, 4/8, etc… So if CR is 4/8 we are transmitting twice as many bits as the ones containing information.

Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSS) Spreading technique used in WiFi Time domain Frequency Domain

Comparison of modulation techniques Symbol is a discrete radio frequency energy state representing one or more bits of information 1 0 1 0 Digital Sequence ASK modulation FSK modulation PSK modulation QAM modulation, changes both amplitude and phase 10

LoRa modulation

Chirp Spread Spectrum Bandwidth (BW): difference between the upper and lower frequencies occupied by the chirp: 125 kHz, 250 kHz, 500 kHz. Spreading Factor (SF): number of bits per symbol Chirp rate: first derivative of chirp frequency = BW/2 SF Nominal bit rate: http://www.semtech.com/images/datasheet/an1200.22.pdf

frequency Time

Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) at 125 kHz BW Spreading Factor Signal/Noise bit rate ms per 10 byte packet 7 -7.5 5469 56 8 -10 3125 103 9 -12.5 1758 205 10 -15 977 371 11 -17.5 537 741 12 -20 292 1483 Sensitivity is proportional to S/N, since the detection is determined by the amount of energy per bit