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Dark Matter Detection with Noble Liquids Aaron Manalaysay Physics Institute University of Zurich Rencontres de Rencontres de Moriond Moriond EW, La EW, La Thuile Thuile, , Aosta Aosta Valley, Italy, 18 March 2011 Valley, Italy, 18 March


  1. Dark Matter Detection with Noble Liquids Aaron Manalaysay Physics Institute University of Zurich Rencontres de Rencontres de Moriond Moriond EW, La EW, La Thuile Thuile, , Aosta Aosta Valley, Italy, 18 March 2011 Valley, Italy, 18 March 2011

  2. Rencontres de Moriond EW: Dark matter detection with noble liquids Overview � Introduction � Existing results � Physics focus: low-mass WIMPs � Ongoing and future experiments � Prospects for constraining WIMP properties 2 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011

  3. Rencontres de Moriond EW: Dark matter detection with noble liquids Direct detection Talk by Fabiana Cossavella He DRIFT, GERDA, PICASSO, CoGeNT Ne Zeplin I, II & III XENON10,100,1t Charge Talk by Steven Leman LUX Ar PANDAX CDMS LZS Talk by Ana Sofia LZD EDELWEISS Torrento Coello Energy from a Kr ArDM COUPP particle WARP Talk by C Eric Dahl interaction goes Dark Side PICASSO MAX where? Xe DARWIN Scintillation Vibration DAMA, Rn KIMS, CRESST CRESST I DEAP/CLEAN ROSEBUD XMASS 3 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011

  4. Rencontres de Moriond EW: Dark matter detection with noble liquids Why use noble liquids? � Easily scalable to almost arbitrary size � Self shielding works � High yield -> (~75, ~50 quanta/keV in LXe, LAr, respectively) means low thresholds � 3-D position reconstruction capabilities � Nuclear recoil discrimination (~10 -3 in LXe, ~10 -7 in LAr) � Fast response (scintillation fast component at the ~few ns level) � “Easy” cryogenics (boiling points: 165 K, 88 K for LXe and LAr, respectively) � Extremely low attenuation of own scintillation light (compare with organic scintillators) � LXe: Large nucleus (A~131) means large spin-independent cross section � LXe: ~50% natural isotopes carry spin, giving spin-dependent sensitivity � LXe: No long-lived radioisotopes � LAr: Cheap and easily obtainable � LAr: Capable of pulse shape discrimination 4 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011

  5. Rencontres de Moriond EW: Dark matter detection with noble liquids Detection technique • “ • “S1 S1” ” = primary scintillation = primary scintillation • “ • “S2 S2” ” = ionization signal = ionization signal “Dual-phase Time Projection Chamber (TPC) Dual-phase Time Projection Chamber (TPC)” ” “ PMT PMT PMT PMT “S2 S2” ” “ Anode Grid Gas E g Gate Grid e - “S1 S1” ” “ e - S1 S2 S1 S2 E d e - e - e - Liquid Cathode PMT PMT PMT PMT 5 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011

  6. Rencontres de Moriond EW: Dark matter detection with noble liquids What should I discuss? 6 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011

  7. Rencontres de Moriond EW: Dark matter detection with noble liquids What should I discuss? … so RESULTS it is! so RESULTS it is! … 7 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011

  8. Rencontres de Moriond EW: Dark matter detection with noble liquids What results are out there? DAMA LXe * XENON10 * Zeplin I * XENON100 * Zeplin II XENON1T Green are those noble liquid * Zeplin III XMASS * experiments that have * WARP 2.3l LUX * released DM results WARP 100l LZS ArDM LZD DEAP/CLEAN PANDAX Dark Side MAX DARWIN * Four most-recent results * Four most-recent results 8 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011

  9. Rencontres de Moriond EW: Dark matter detection with noble liquids What results are out there? The experimental process follows The experimental process follows these steps (in a nutshell, at least): these steps (in a nutshell , at least): WARP 2.3l Zeplin III � Collect background data XENON10 � Apply cuts to remove electronic XENON100 recoils � Look at the signal region 9 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011

  10. Rencontres de Moriond EW: Dark matter detection with noble liquids WARP 2.3l Dual-phase liquid argon TPC, operated at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS, Assergi, Italy). First results released 2007. 3.2 kg F.M., 100 kg d exposure. Exposure of 96.5 kg d, 55-100 keV ~10 -42 cm 2 sensitivity Discrimination performed with BOTH ionization/scintillation ratio, AND pulse shape discrimination WIMP search window P. Benetti et al , Astropart. Phys. 28 (2008) 495 arXiv:astro-ph/0701286 10 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011

  11. Rencontres de Moriond EW: Dark matter detection with noble liquids Zeplin-III (1) Dual-phase liquid xenon TPC, operated at the Boulby mine (UK). 6.52 kg F.M. ~128 kg d exposure, 7 events in the signal region. 11 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011

  12. Rencontres de Moriond EW: Dark matter detection with noble liquids Inelastic WIMP limits Inelastic WIMP limits Zeplin-III (2) S-I results S-I results : V.N. : V.N.Lebedenko Lebedenko et al et al Phys.Rev.D Phys.Rev.D 80 80 (2009) 052010, (2009) 052010, � � arXiv arXiv:0812.1150 [ :0812.1150 [astro-ph astro-ph] ] S-D results : V.N. S-D results : V.N.Lebedenko Lebedenko et al et al Phys.Rev. Phys.Rev.Lett Lett. . 103 103 (2009) 151302, (2009) 151302, � � arXiv arXiv:0901.4348 [ :0901.4348 [hep-ex hep-ex] ] iDM iDM results results : D.Yu. : D.Yu.Akimov Akimov et al et al arXiv arXiv:1003.5626v2 [ :1003.5626v2 [hep-ex hep-ex] 2010 ] 2010 � � Currently collecting more data with new collecting more data with new Currently PMTs and PMTs and ~10 times lower background ~10 times lower background ! ! Spin-Dependent WIMP limits Spin-Dependent WIMP limits Spin-Independent WIMP limits Spin-Independent WIMP limits ~10 -43 cm 2 sensitivity ~10 -43 cm 2 sensitivity 12 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011

  13. Rencontres de Moriond EW: Dark matter detection with noble liquids XENON10 (1) Dual-phase liquid xenon TPC, operated at LNGS (Italy). 5.4 kg F.M. ~136 kg d exposure, 10 events in the signal region. 13 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011

  14. Rencontres de Moriond EW: Dark matter detection with noble liquids Inelastic WIMP limits Inelastic WIMP limits XENON10 (2) S-I results S-I results : : J.Angle J.Angle et al et al , Phys.Rev. , Phys.Rev.Lett Lett. . 100 100 (2008) 021303, (2008) 021303, � � arXiv arXiv:0706.0039 [ :0706.0039 [astro-ph astro-ph] ] S-D results : : J.Angle J.Angle et al et al , Phys.Rev. , Phys.Rev.Lett Lett. . 101 101 (2008) 091301 (2008) 091301, , S-D results � � arXiv arXiv:0805.2939 [ :0805.2939 [astro-ph astro-ph] ] iDM results iDM results : : J.Angle J.Angle et al et al , Phys.Rev.D , Phys.Rev.D 80 80 (2009) 115005, (2009) 115005, � � arXiv:0910.3698 :0910.3698 arXiv Spin-Independent WIMP limits Spin-Independent WIMP limits ~5x10 -44 cm 2 sensitivity ~5x10 -44 cm 2 sensitivity Spin-Dependent WIMP limits Spin-Dependent WIMP limits XENON10 XENON10 14 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011

  15. Rencontres de Moriond EW: Dark matter detection with noble liquids XENON100 (1) Dual-phase liquid xenon TPC, operated at the LNGS (Italy). 40 kg F.M. ~156 kg d exposure, 0 events in the signal region. Still collecting data ! (~2 tonne d blind ! ) 15 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011

  16. Rencontres de Moriond EW: Dark matter detection with noble liquids XENON100 (2) Spin-Independent limits only for now, Spin-Independent limits only for now, at the ~3.5x10 -44 at the ~3.5x10 -44 cm cm 2 2 level level S-I results S-I results : : E. E.Aprile Aprile et al et al , Phys.Rev. , Phys.Rev.Lett Lett. . 105 105 (2010) 131302, (2010) 131302, � � arXiv arXiv:1005.0380 [ :1005.0380 [astro-ph astro-ph.CO] .CO] Alt. Analysis: Alt. Analysis: E. E.Aprile Aprile et al et al , , arXiv arXiv:1103.0303 [ :1103.0303 [hep-ex hep-ex] ] � � 16 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011

  17. Rencontres de Moriond EW: Dark matter detection with noble liquids Physics focus: low-mass WIMPs What’ ’s going s going What on here !? !? on here 17 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011

  18. Rencontres de Moriond EW: Dark matter detection with noble liquids Physics focus: low-mass WIMPs CoGeNT Spectrum* Spectrum* CoGeNT Possible signal Possible signal detection in the two detection in the two searches that use no use no searches that rejection of rejection of electromagnetic electromagnetic backgrounds backgrounds DAMA/LIBRA Modulation Amplitude ! DAMA/LIBRA Modulation Amplitude ! *C.E.Aalseth *C.E. Aalseth et al et al , , arXiv arXiv:1002.4703v2 [ :1002.4703v2 [astro-ph astro-ph.CO] .CO] R.Bernabei Bernabei et al et al , , Eur Eur.Phys.J. .Phys.J. C67 C67 (2010) 39-49 (2010) 39-49 ! R. ! 18 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011 A. Manalaysay, 18 March 2011

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