Danajon Bank, Philippines: Danajon Bank, Philippines: an EBM case - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Danajon Bank, Philippines: Danajon Bank, Philippines: an EBM case study an EBM case study Outline: � Danajon Bank � FISH Project objectives and strategies � Fisheries management initiatives � Fisheries monitoring � Other measurable project results � Future EBM directions for Danajon Bank Nygiel B. Armada Fisheries Resource Management Advisor FISH Project nbarmada@mozcom.com

Danajon Bank Danajon Bank The Danajon Bank ecosystem � Only double barrier reef in the Philippines � High biodiversity and the most habitat-rich CAMOTES SEA fisheries ecosystem in the Central Philippines Danahon Bank � Extensive coral reef, mangrove and seagrass Leyte habitats Canigao Channel Talibon � Traditional fishing ground for reef fishes, rabbit Bohol Strait fishes and many small pelagics � Traditional fishing ground for blue crabs, shrimps, Panglao Island squids, sea cucumbers BOHOL SEA Threats to the marine ecosystem � Degraded corals - living coral is less than 25% � Heavily exploited – demersal biomass density is 0.44 t/km 2 � Illegal and destructive fishing – dynamite, Danish seine, trawl, fine meshed nets � Mangrove cutting, illegal conversion, siltation

FISH Project FISH Project Increase in Change in Management fish stocks exploitation Mechanisms by 10% pattern Project sites: � Calamianes Islands, � Growth Northern Palawan � Control � Danajon Bank, Bohol Modes of delivery � Surigao del Sur, Pacific � Maintenance Seaboard � Capacity-building � Tawi-Tawi, Sulu Archipelago � Constituency-building � Policy improvement 2 .0 0 Dem ersal fish stocks ( tons/ km 2 ) 1 .7 5 10% 1 .5 0 1 .2 5 1 .0 0 0 .7 5 0 .5 0 2 0 0 4 2 0 0 5 2 0 0 6 2 0 0 7 2 0 0 8 2 0 0 9 2 0 1 0

EBFM: from concept to practice EBFM: from concept to practice EBFM Recommended Actions: 1. Delineation of ecosystem boundaries Basic Elements of the FISH Project’s EBFM 2. Characterization of the dynamics of the Approach: ecosystem and determination of habitat � Incremental understanding of the needs of important organisms dynamics of the marine ecosystem the 3. Development of indices of ecosystems’ defined boundary health as targets for management � Early fisheries management actions on 4. Development of conceptual model of the obvious fisheries exploitation (gear?) food web and assessment of how removals are related to trophic structure issues � Immediate fisheries management 5. Assessment of institutional elements of the ecosystem which most significantly interventions for species that constitute a affect fisheries large portion of the food web (economic importance?). 6. Development and implementation of strategies such as management planning, � Development of governance system that zoning schemes, gear/species-specific is responsive to ecosystems approach management, registration & licensing, law (scale?) enforcement, MPAs 7. Establishment of governance system that is responsive to ecosystems approach 8. Development of long-term monitoring schemes

EBFM: from concept to practice EBFM: from concept to practice Control Mechanisms: � Network of marine protected areas � Species-specific management (spatial and temporal close season) � Gear restrictions and size limits � Registration and licensing � Zoning of fishing and water activities Cross-cutting initiatives: IEC, Policy, Law Enforcement

Network of MPAs Network of MPAs 10.4 10.2 Nocnocan Hingotanan East Calituban 10 Cataban Bilangbilangan East Hingotanan West Guindacpan Sag Pinamgo Bantigue 123.8 124 124.2 124.4 124.6 Humayhumay Aguining Sinandigan

Species specific management Species specific management Rabbit fish ( Siganus canaliculatus ) � Close season during spawning season of rabbit fish - 4 th 5 th and 6 th day after the new moon - monthly for the entire year or for a few months only � Banning of fine meshed gears catching rabbit fishes � Banning of selling of rabbit fishes during close season

Species specific management Species specific management 12 cm Blue crab ( Portunus pelagicus ) � Ban on catching and selling of berried females � Size limits (12 cm carapace width?) � Minimum crab gillnet mesh size of 10 cm (4 inches) � Impounding berried females (7 days?) � Zoning of crab fishing gears

Gear specific management Gear specific management Size composition of blue crab, Portunus pelagicus caught by gillnet, liftnet, and crab pot Crab gillnet Crab liftnet Crab pot 0.0 - 0.9 0.0 - 0.9 0.0 - 0.9 1.0 - 1.9 1.0 - 1.9 1.0 - 1.9 2.0 - 2.9 2.0 - 2.9 2.0 - 2.9 Length at maturity 3.0 - 3.9 3.0 - 3.9 3.0 - 3.9 4.0 - 4.9 4.0 - 4.9 4.0 - 4.9 5.0 - 5.9 5.0 - 5.9 5.0 - 5.9 6.0 - 6.9 6.0 - 6.9 6.0 - 6.9 7.0 - 7.9 7.0 - 7.9 7.0 - 7.9 8.0 - 8.9 8.0 - 8.9 8.0 - 8.9 9.0 - 9.9 9.0 - 9.9 9.0 - 9.9 10.0 - 10.9 10.0 - 10.9 10.0 - 10.9 11.0 - 11.9 11.0 - 11.9 11.0 - 11.9 12.0 - 12.9 12.0 - 12.9 12.0 - 12.9 13.0 - 13.9 13.0 - 13.9 13.0 - 13.9 14.0 - 14.9 14.0 - 14.9 14.0 - 14.9 15.0 - 15.9 15.0 - 15.9 15.0 - 15.9 16.0 - 16.9 16.0 - 16.9 16.0 - 16.9 17.0 - 17.9 17.0 - 17.9 17.0 - 17.9 18.0 - 18.9 18.0 - 18.9 18.0 - 18.9 19.0 - 19.9 19.0 - 19.9 19.0 - 19.9 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30

Zoning Zoning

Fisheries monitoring Fisheries monitoring MPA assessment - mean biomass (tons/km 2 ) in MPAs Baseline and monitoring years ∆ % Lanuza Bay Mean 2004 2006 2008 biomass Auqui 9.92 10.00 13.89 40.02 Carascal 12.36 19.61 14.69 18.85 General Is. 17.83 10.90 17.14 -3.87 Adlay 10.96 11.93 8.85 Capandan 16.28 11.20 -31.20 Uba 9.32 13.36 43.35 Fisheries independent surveys – kg/unit effort Baseline and monitoring years ∆ % Danajon Bank CPUE 2004 2006 2008 Bottom-set gillnet * 2.06 1.83 3.88 88.6 Bottom-set longline 4.77 2.62 1.32 -72.4 Fish trap 1.06 1.34 1.17 10.9 Bottom trawl 1.41 2.91 2.89 104.7

Fisheries monitoring Fisheries monitoring Fisheries dependent surveys – kg/unit effort Base and monitoring years ∆ % Danajon Bank 2004 2006 CPUE Filter net 1.33 9.25 593.75 Hook and line w/float 2.96 13.30 349.87 Danish seine 24.75 79.06 219.47 Fish pot 9.50 19.90 109.47 Drift gillnet 7.37 11.65 58.06 Set gillnet (with plunger) 10.29 13.59 32.06 Round-haul seine 100.37 132.18 31.69 Stationary liftnet 13.48 17.38 28.96 Squid jig (troll) 1.53 1.73 13.15 Squid gillnet 8.35 9.43 12.89 Multiple handline 3.60 4.00 11.18 Encircling gillnet 42.67 45.84 7.44 Hook and line (simple) 2.50 2.68 7.09 Trammel net 5.73 6.09 6.31 Squid pot 3.58 3.40 -4.81 Drive-in gillnet 14.77 12.31 -16.69 Fish corral 5.30 4.41 -16.93 Spear w/compressor 29.05 23.22 -20.08 Bottom-set longline 4.59 3.29 -28.39 Crab liftnet 3.37 2.40 -29.00 Crab gillnet 3.40 2.04 -39.92 Spear gun, harpoon 2.92 1.68 -42.36 Crab pot 6.65 3.66 -44.97 Bottomset gillnet 15.81 7.66 -51.57 Otter trawl 13.57 6.38 -53.02 Beach seine 20.64 3.50 -83.04

Fisheries monitoring Fisheries monitoring Summary of observations from base line and monitoring activities � Emphasized the severity of the overfishing problem � Motivated partners and stakeholders’ commitment � Confirmed observed increases in catch rates � Showed which fishing gears benefited from initiatives � Highlighted the fact that illegal fishers benefit the most from management initiatives

Other measurable project Other measurable project results results � Inter-municipality arrangements � Adoption of CRM as a basic service (building on CRM) � Multi-year municipal CFRM Plan – codifying fisheries ordinances � Establishment MPAs – network of MPAs (about 30) � Training of people’s organizations in MPA management � Ordinances regulating mesh sizes, ban on active gears � Ordinances on closed seasons and ban on catching of gravid individuals � Fishers and fishing boats registration system � Establishment of coastal law enforcement units - both at municipal (MCLET) and MPA level (SET)

Future EBM directions Future EBM directions CAMOTES SEA Danahon Bank Leyte Canigao Channel Talibon Bohol Strait Panglao Island BOHOL SEA

Key governance challenge Key governance challenge Fishing frequency of Danish seine in 2004

Key governance challenge Key governance challenge Fishing frequency of Danish seine in 2006