Country report : Spain Alberto Sanz-Cobeña, Jorge Alvaro-Fuentes, Pilar Merino, Fernando Estellés, Agustín del Prado, David Yañez, Luis Lassaletta, Eduardo Aguilera, Antonio Vallejo, Salvador Calvet Presentation to IRG Annual Meeting Cali, 5 February 2019
No specific contributions to IRG but national and international projects contributing to IRG’s topics International initiatives : (e.g.) FAO-IAEA research group on N 2 O mitigation • and C sequestration in cropping systems; ILTER ( International Long Term Ecological Research Network) National research projects on N and C management towards sustainable • cropping systems (e.g. Agrisost, others). National research initiative to improve N 2 O EF in cropping systems (from Tier • 1 to Tier 2). Zootecnic documents for Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food • National research networks : REMEDIA (GHG mitigation in agroforestry), RED • NUEVA (to develop/improve) national GHG EF in croplands and livestock systems. GRA meeting in Madrid (February, 2018): proposal for GRA sub-group in • Mediterranean areas
National and international projects contributing to IRG’s topics • Gestión de deyecciones en sistemas productivos de vacuno de leche de la cornisa cantábrica. De la explotación al territorio: Eficiencia del uso de nutrientes, mitigación de gases de efecto invernadero y reducción de la huella de C . RTA 2015-00058-C06-04 2017 – 2020. Partners: Serida, Ingacal, BC3, Intia • Propagating innovations for more resilient dairy farming in the Atlantic area 2018 -2021 Partners: INGACAL, SRUC, IDELE, Teagasc, CAFRE, INRA, AHDB, UTAD, Chambre d’agriculture Bretagne • Tecnología Destinada A La Sostenibilidad De Los Sistemas Agrícolas . 2019 -2022 Partners: UPM, INIA, CIEMAT, UAM. Programa de Investigación financiado por la Comunidad de Madrid y los Fondos Estructurales Europeos (AGRISOST-CM, S2018/BAA4330) • Others …
National networks contributing to IRG’s topics Workshops Since 2012 Res. papers Blogs & Courses Social Networks & more…
National networks contributing to IRG’s topics N etwork for U pdating E mission V alues in spanish A griculture ‘ Assessment of GHG EFs in the Spanish agricultural sector ’ To define EFs evaluation criteria/review existing methodologies • To explore GHG measurement approaches • To identify 'gaps of knowledge' • To promote internationalization and communication with policymakers • and stakeholders EEZ-CSIC UPM BC3 UPV EEAD-CSIC USC UJAEN-CEAOyAO
Global assessment of N 2 O emission from aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems: the ILTER- N initiative The ILTER-N initiative aims to foster global collaborative and comparative research on the fluxes of N 2 O from aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, with an emphasis on long-term measurements. 33% 28% Relative percentage of each ecosystem represented in current flux contributions. 18% 11% 8% N 2 O fluxes from various climates and ecosystems within the ILTER and related 1% 1% site networks. In our initial responses, 90 sites reporting N 2 O measurements with Crop Forest Grassland Aquatic Other Peatland Shrubland varying sampling intensity and methodology. Workshop planned in Madrid (fall 2019) William H. McDowell, Allison Herreid, Luis Lassaletta, Hideaki Shibata, Alberto Sanz-Cobeña, Jody Potter
National research initiative to improve N 2 O EF in Spanish cropping systems (inventories network) IPCC Tier I default value Rainfed (62) 0.3 ± 0.2 Lower N 2 O Rainfed <450 mm (38) 0.2 ± 0.3 emission Rainfed >450 mm (24) 0.3 ± 0.3 factors than 0.6 ± 0.1 Irrigated (138) temperate 0.2 ± 0.5 systems Flood (14) 0.5 ± 0.4 Furrow (27) 0.5 ± 0.3 Drip (52) 0.9 ± 0.2 Sprinkler (45) 0.5 ± 0.1 Mean EF for Mediterranean crops (223) 0.4 0.0 1.2 0.8 Cayuela et al. 2017 (AGEE)
The importance of a Tier-2 transition in the national inventories Input to Mediterranean crops N 2 O Tier 1 vs Tier 2 18000 120 97 GgN 16000 100 14000 N2O (Gg N-N 2 O) 12000 80 GgN/y 47 10000 Liquid 60 GgN 8000 Solid 6000 40 4000 Synthetic 20 2000 0 0 Total To crops Tier 1 Tier 2
Zootecnic documents for Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Revised methodology for Spanish National Inventory of Livestock emissions (TIER II) based on IPCC guidelines(2006) and EMEP/EEA (2013) to calculate National NH 3 , NO, NO 2 , N 2 O, CH 4 , COVNM, PM2,5, PM10 and TSP emissions.
Future actions: proposal of GRA/IRG case study in Mediterranean countries for (e.g.) inventories development/improvement Water availability Water availability Max. Irradiation Range precipitation: 275-1000 mm Precipitation Water Need for Temperatures scarcity irrigation Evapotranspiration
Future actions: proposal of GRA/IRG case study in Mediterranean countries for (e.g.) inventories development/improvement Particular dynamics in the Mediterranean region The Mediterranean basin California MEDITERRANEIZATION Mediterranean type climate areas worldwide Chile South Australia Africa Highly populated areas High risk of soil degradation Hot spot of biodiversity Highly vulnerable to climate change Unique agriculture Water scarcity
Research work already carried out: (e.g.) AGEE Special Issue on GHG mitigation in Mediterranean cropping systems Special Issue: " Mitigation and Quantification of GHG in Mediterranean cropping systems “ Alberto Sanz-Cobena, Luis Lassaletta, Josette Garnier and Pete Smith. Eds. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment Vol 238 (Feb-2017) 14 contributions
AGEE Special Issue on GHG mitigation in Mediterranean cropping systems: Indirect and induced GHG emissions Direct But other emissions can emissions can be small! be high! Sanz-Cobena et al. 2017 (Agric. Ecosyst. & Environ.)
AGEE Special Issue on GHG mitigation in Mediterranean cropping systems: Significant net import of protein-rich crops for feed Sanz-Cobena et al. 2017 (Agric. Ecosyst. & Environ.)
Research work in progress Huge amount of manure over the crop needs: direct and indirect increase of emissions 3500 Huge and North Med. increasing Imported food 3000 amount of Local Food and feed fate (GgN) food crops (imported 2500 or local) transformed in Imported 2000 manures feed 1500 1000 Local feed 500 Permanent 0 grass 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 Lassaletta et al. (in prep)
Research work in progress Research gaps: Number of papers considering N 2 O emissions in Mediterranean areas per Tg N 2 O emitted (CO 2 eq) by crop type in Spain 160 Papers/Tg CO2eq 140 Aguilera et al. (In prep.) 120 No scientific 100 information 80 60 40 20 0 E.g. Total emissions in Spanish grain legumes lower than in olive orchards
Transference and dissemination
Transference and dissemination OBJECTIVES • Better understanding of the sources and drivers controlling GHG emissions from agricultural systems. • An overview of state-of-the-art methods for measuring GHG emissions and soil C changes. • Improved skills in the use of simulation models and tools for estimating GHG emissions and soil C changes at different scales. • Insights on GHG mitigation options and their socio- economic assessment . • Criteria for designing and improving national inventories . • A holistic view of available tools to support informed decision making .
Transference and dissemination LECTURERS J. ÁLVARO-FUENTES, EEAD-CSIC, Zaragoza (Spain) M. BERNOUX, FAO, Roma (Italy) K. BUTTERBACH-BAHL, IMK-IFU, Garmisch-Partenkirchen (Germany) L. CÁRDENAS, Rothamsted Research, Devon (United Kingdom) L. LASSALETTA, UPM, Madrid (Spain) E. MILNE, CSU, Fort Collins (USA) S. PELLERIN, INRA, Bordeaux (France) A. del PRADO, BC3, Leioa (Spain) A. SANZ-COBEÑA, UPM, Madrid (Spain) R. TEIXEIRA, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa (Portugal)
Transference and dissemination PARTICIPANTS 31 Participants (selected from >100 applications) from 10 countries : Algeria • Egypt • Italy • Morocco • Malta • Panama • Portugal • Spain • Tunisia • Turkey •
Transference and dissemination Strong support from GRA (NZ) with 10 grants for students in developing countries
Transference and dissemination coordinators
WP or TF based on the IRG of GRA focused on GHG inventories in Mediterranean areas. Case study: Spain Momentum: institutional support for N 2 O inventory; REMEDIA Network, others. • Countries under Mediterranean climatic conditions (fully or partially): • Australia, Chile, Egypt, France, Italy, South Africa, Spain. Number of Mediterranean countries from (e.g.) north Africa involved in GRA could be increased and the development/improvement of national GHG inventories achieved. Climatic and crop management particularities affecting GHG mitigation • (and adaptation). Risk of Mediterranization Vulnerable area where mitigation and adaptation need to be addressed • coordinately Less explored systems than other regions although relevant research • initiatives already taken (recently) and planned Relevant capacity building initiatives and transference activities carried out • and planned (with the support of GRA)
Thanks for your attention
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