CORN & SOYBEAN PRODUCTION UPDATES Angela McClure Extension - PDF document

2/3/2014 CORN & SOYBEAN PRODUCTION UPDATES Angela McClure Extension Corn and Soybean Specialist Crop Insurance Planting Dates-2014 Old Corn New Corn for Dates Grain Dates Full coverage- Mar 21-May 20 Mar 21- May 20 West TN counties Full coverage- same Mar 21-May 25 TN River and East counties Partial coverage 25 additional 15 additional window (late days days plant period) 1

2/3/2014 Expected for 2014 ■ Some decrease in corn acres  Price $4.10-$4.50  Profit will come by reducing costs or increasing yield or both ■ More soybean and cotton acres  Soybean price $11.00+  More full season soybeans? ■ Less wheat planted this fall  Wheat price >$6.00 “No-Cost” ways to Produce More Corn in a Low Price Market…  Target productive fields for corn  Plant as early as practical  Wait it out if fields are too wet to plant  Plant corn deep enough (target 2”)  Cover seed to reduce stress and injury 2

2/3/2014 Plant Early for Best Corn Yield…. (Nonirrigated test; Milan, REC; Dekalb 63-84 VT3) 250 245 233 228 225 216 215 212 210 200 186 182 180 180 176 166 150 2010 140 139 2011 118 115 112 2012 100 95 95 2013 82 65 63 55 50 47 42 31 0 L Mar E Apr L Apr E May L May E Jun L Jun Uniform Spacing Uniform Emergence 3

2/3/2014 Effect of Planting Speed on Yield (Miss State, 2013) • Planter speed 3, 4, 5 or 6 mph for reduced stand uniformity • 4.5 bushels less for each mile increase in speed with JD 30 cell metering system • 3 bushels less for each mile increase in speed with eSet Precision planting system Corn Yield– Narrow Row Corn REC Milan 2013; Planted Apr 8 250 200 35K- 15" * * * * * * 150 35K-30" 40K -15" 40 K-30" 100 50 0 93 RM 106 RM 111 RM 4

2/3/2014 Use the Right N rate- Set Realistic Yield Goals for your field Expected Grain Nitrogen Lbs N per Yield bushel of grain (lbs/acre) 100-125 bushels 120 1.2- 0.96 125-150 bushels 150 1.2- 1.00 150-175 bushels 180 1.2- 1.03 175-200 bushels 210 1.2- 1.05 200-225 bushels 240 1.2- 1.07 Corn after Corn • Fertilize for field potential—use full N rates. • Pick hybrid with good stalk strength, disease resistance to Gray leaf spot, diplodia, etc. Bt for rootworm, corn borer if needed • Foliar fungicide may be necessary 5

2/3/2014 Increasing Liquid/UAN Efficiency with Placement  Good option- Irrigate in or inject below soil  OK- Surface band; reduces surface volatilization  Worst- Surface Broadcast unless using stabilizer Increasing Granular Urea Efficiency ■ Placement-  Irrigate into soil within 24 hrs to 2 days  0.2” water to move into top 1” soil  1.2” water to move into top 6” of soil ■ Protection- use good Nitrogen stabilizer when surface spreading ■ Timing-  Split apply fertilizer >120 lbs 6

2/3/2014 N Stabilizers Product Rate How it Works Agrotain Ultra 3 qt per ton of Urease inhibitor (Agrotain Intl) urea block NH4 formation Nutrisphere N ½ gallon per Urease inhibitor (SFP) ton of urea and denitrification inhibitor N-Zone 4 qts per ton Keep in NH4 form (AgXplore) of urea longer Corn response to N Timing (irrigated field Milan REC; 2012 and 2013) N Treatment Dry Year Wet Year (Bu/A) (Bu/A) 220 lbs Am Nitrate At Planting 256 a 255 c 80 lbs Am Nitrate At Plant 254 a 256 bc fb 140 lbs Am Nitrate @ V5 180 lbs/A total At Plant and @V5 with 262 a 267 ab 40 lbs/A pre-tassel Gross $$$ from pre-tassel 8 bu X $7.28/bu= $58/A 11 bu X $4.75/bu=$53/A 28% UAN 3.1 lbs N/gal 13 gal X 3.1X 0.6= $24 7

2/3/2014 UT Phosphate and Potash recommendations “Maintain vs Build philosophy” Soil Test P205 lb/A K20 lb/A Level Corn Soybean Corn Soybean High 0 0 0 0 Medium 50-90 20 50-90 40 Low 100-180 40 100-180 80 Soil test= 7 ppm Su (L) Cool, rainy year Xtra Nitrogen and Su uptake? No N Buffer 8

2/3/2014 Addition of Sulfur and Yield (Milan REC 2013; non-irrigated field; S deficient soil) Sulfur Rate Corn Soybean (Bu/A) (Bu/A) 0 163.3 50.3 10 lbs S 194.5 50.4 20 lbs S 198.1 51.6 30 lbs S 190.8 49.7 Ammonium sulfate applied to achieve each rate; Xtra N was added to balance N added with ammonium sulfate. Narrow Row Effect on Soybean Yields 2005 2006 2007 All Yrs. (wet yr) (wet yr) (dry yr) Bushels Increase with 15” rows vs 30” rows Late MG3 + 5 + 5 + 0 + 3.3 Early MG4 + 5.2 + 3.8 + 1.3 + 3.4 Late MG4 + 8 + 3 + 1 + 4 Early MG5 + 7.2 + 6.1 + 2.4 + 5.2 USDA/ARS and UT row spacing data included; 2 -3 varieties per MG per year replicated 4 times 9

2/3/2014 Narrow Row response in Soybean (2013; yield increase with 15”) Bu Increase 14 13.3 12.9 12 10.9 9.7 10 8.7 8.2 8 6 4 2 0 93Y92 94Y23 94Y61 94Y70 94Y80 95Y10 Soybean variety, row spacing, and seeding rate- skip row soybeans (Verbree and McClure) Skip Rows Skip Rows 10

2/3/2014 Planting Date X Maturity Group for an Increased Soybean Yield ( Verbree et. al 2013) ■ 3 years ■ 6 states in project (AR, LA, MS, TN, MO, TX) ■ 4 planting dates/location (72 environments) ■ 4 maturity groups/planting date ■ 4 varieties/maturity group (16 varieties total) ■ Irrigated fields- 30” rows Soybean MG/PD Study – 30” rows 11

2/3/2014 Irrigated Planting Date Study-Yield (Jackson REC, 2013; 15” rows planted Apr 23 and May 28) 86 84 84 82 80.5 80 78.3 78 76.5 April 76 75 74.9 May 74 72.7 72.7 72 70 68 66 P93Y92 P94Y23 P47T36 P95Y10 Dryland Planting Date Study-Yield (Jackson REC, 2013; 15” rows planted Apr 23 and May 28) 100 93.6 93 90 84.1 82 78.9 76.3 80 74.6 68.3 70 60 April 50 May 40 30 20 10 0 P93Y92 P94Y23 P47T36 P95Y10 12

2/3/2014 Plant Date and Plant Height (Jackson REC, 2013; 15” rows planted Apr 23 and May 28) 50 inches 45 40 35 30 April 25 May 20 15 10 5 0 Irrigated Dryland Wheat Fertility Recommendations Nitrogen should be applied from 45 to 90 lbs per acre. 15 ‐ 30 lbs at planting followed by 30 ‐ 60 lbs top ‐ dress. ‐ Can count N from DAP fertilizer. Corn leftover?? ‐ Apply top ‐ dress from Feb.15 ‐ Mar.30 before wheat begins to joint . ‐ Consider splitting top ‐ dress if wheat is planted after Nov. 15 or when there are less than 4 tillers per plant in early January. 13

2/3/2014 Palisade on Wheat- 2013 (WTREC, Jackson) ■ Small height difference between unsprayed ■ No lodging in plots ■ Positive results in other states ■ EC formulation 10.5 to14.4 oz/Acre ■ Spray between Feekes 5 and 7 (early timing or when rapidly growing seems best) ■ Yield improvement probably only when lodging is severe Questions??? 14