Comparative Evaluation of Modelling Platforms and Tools for Biofuel - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Comparative Evaluation of Modelling Platforms and Tools for Biofuel Life Cycle Assessment Jon Albert Obnamia Ph.D. Student University of Toronto

Corn Stover Ethanol Corn Grain Corn Crop Biomass to Ethanol Plant Corn Stover

LCA of Corn Stover Ethanol “Well-to-Wheel” (WTW) Greenhouse Gas Emissions Transportation Transportation Conversion Farming/Residue Process Collection

Modelling Tools for LCA LCA System Boundary Corn Stover Ethanol Input Chemical 1 Output Fuel Input Chemical 2 Output Co-Product Input Energy 1 Output Emissions

Modelling Tools for LCA Fuel Life Cycle Modelling Tool: GHGenius (Canadian - NRCan) Fuel Life Cycle Modelling Tool: GREET (US – ANL)

Comparison 1: Default GHGenius and GREET Fuels Life Cycle (WTW) GHG Emissions – Default Fuel Performance 350 6 - 8% difference 300 250 41% 200 difference gCO 2 eq 150 per km 100 50 0 Gasoline 10% Corn 10% Corn 85% Corn 85% Corn Ethanol Stover Ethanol Stover Ethanol Ethanol GHGenius GREET

Comparison 1: Default GHGenius and GREET Fuels 2011 NREL Aspen Plus Process Model: Corn Stover to Ethanol

Comparison 2-A: Enzyme Dose GHGenius and GREET Fuels Life Cycle (WTW) GHG Emissions – Enzyme Modification 6 - 9% difference 350 300 250 50% 200 difference gCO 2 eq per km 150 100 50 0 Gasoline 10% Corn 10% Corn 85% Corn 85% Corn Ethanol Stover Ethanol Stover 6.2 g enzymes Ethanol Ethanol per dry kg of corn stover GHGenius GREET

Enzyme Input in GHGenius INPUTS OUTPUT Glucose Water GHGenius Enzymes Corn Steep Liquor Enzyme System Ammonia

Comparison 2-B: Enzyme Dose GHGenius and GREET Fuels Life Cycle (WTW) GHG Emissions – Enzyme Modification 6 - 9% difference 350 300 250 44% 200 difference gCO 2 eq per km 150 100 50 0 Gasoline 10% Corn 10% Corn 85% Corn 85% Corn Ethanol Stover Ethanol Stover 6.2 g enzymes Ethanol Ethanol per dry kg of corn stover GHGenius GREET

Comparison 3: Ethanol Yield, Electricity Product, Electric Grid Life Cycle GHG Emissions - Comparison 6 - 8% difference 350 300 250 28% 200 difference gCO 2 eq per km 150 100 50 0 Gasoline 10% Corn 10% Corn 85% Corn 85% Corn Ethanol Stover Ethanol Stover 327 L EtOH/tonne stover Ethanol Ethanol 0.480 kWh/L EtOH GHGenius GREET US Midwest Grid

Potential Causes for Divergence Farming and Biofuel Production Parameters 140 120 100 g per 80 60 L E100 40 20 0 GHGenius GREET

Potential Causes for Divergence GHG Emissions Factor (gCO 2 eq/kg material) Material GHGenius GREET Ammonia 2888 2723 Corn Steep Liquor No Data 2012 Diammonium Phosphate 659 1702 Enzymes 9356 3562 Glucose 1897 415 Lime 924 1301 Molasses No Data 220 Sodium Hydroxide 1968 2763 Sulphuric Acid 216 52.4 Fermenting Microorganism 1235 2860

Acknowledgements This research is funded by BioFuelNet Canada, a network focusing on the development of advanced biofuels and associated bioproducts. BioFuelNet is a member of the Networks of Centres of Excellence of Canada program. Website: www.biofuelnet.ca

US Corn Stover Density Map

Biomass Map - Canada Legend Land Cover Mixed forest Broadleaf forest Open water Transitional forest Coniferous forest Tundra Barren land Snow/Ice Cropland Rangeland 0 300 600km Builtup area Source: Biomass Inventory Mapping and Analysis Tool (BIMAT), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

E85 Fueling Stations

Applicability to Canada U.S. E.U. Canada 5% v/v Renewable Fuel 10 – 15% v/v max 10% v/v max minimum by (Ethanol) Blend 2010 Flex Fuel Vehicle: Ethanol Blend with Up to 85% Up to 85% Up to 85% Gasoline 50% minimum Cellulosic Ethanol by 2017 GHG Emission 60% minimum 60% minimum Reduction Target by 2018