Cooling the Public R Cooling the Public Realm ealm Climate-Resilient Urban Design Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP City Weathers: Meteorology and Urban Design Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design Manchester Architecture Research Centre (MARC) RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com June 2011
Challenges: Sustainability and Resilience Developing the Capacity for Constant Change Develop elop phy physical ical & ins & instit titut utiona ional l capac ca pacit ity for or con consta tant nt chan hange ge Meet eet ene energy-redu educt ction ion goa goals ls Mit itiga igate te th the im e impac pact o t of c clima limate te chan hange ge Sus Susta tain in pop popula ulatio tion in n in mor more en e ener ergy- ef efficient ficient set ettin tings gs by by pr providing iding amenities people need and w amenities people need and want ant Maldives government cabinet goes underwater to raise awareness of impending impacts of climate change on the Maldives and push for stronger climate resolutions (2009) http://www.flickr.com/photos/presidencymaldives/4018855852/sizes/l Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com
Resilient Urban Design A Broader Paradigm Broadening Traditional Urban Design Practices to Develop Climate-Resilient Cities Traditional Urban Design Resilient Urban Design Resilience – Adaptive Permeability - connectivity Vitality - Interactions Comfort - Environment Permeability Raven (2008) Variety - Options Resource Efficiency - Demand, Synergy, Re-Use Legibility – Understandable Biotic Support - Environmental Diversity Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP Adapted from RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design Health - Pathological Prevention Odoleye et al., (2008) jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com
Boulder Sustainability Rating Systems Performance and Verification Environment Natural Systems Planning & Design Energy & Climate Environment Economy Economic Prosperity Sustainability Employment & Workforce Training Economy Equity Society Education, Arts & Community Health & Safety Affordability & Social Equity Seattle Natural Systems Planning & Design Energy & Climate Source: ICLEI Natural Ecosystems Comprehensive Planning Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Green Infrastructure Transportation & Mobility Energy Use Watershed & Land Use Housing Energy Supply Resource Lands Compact & Complete Communities Energy Smart Buildings Water Quality & Supply Public Engagement & Participation Alternative Fuels & Infrastructure Drinking Water Quality Interconnected Land Use Climate Adaptation Waste Minimization Public Spaces Climate Justice Biodiversity & Invasive Species Historic Preservation & Cultural Heritage Industrial Sector Energy Use Agriculture & Aquaculture Design for People Agricultural Climate Impacts Ambient Noise & Light Code Barriers Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP Land Conservation RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com Excellence in Design
Planning Process for Sustainability and Resilience A Systemic Approach Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com
Desired Outcomes Across Spatial Scales Integrate Green Infrastructure into Urban Areas Spatial Scales (JRaven) Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com
Compact Development Benefits to Local and Regional Sustainability Development Patterns, Regional Plan Association Transit-Oriented Development Spa Spatial tial ef efficiencies ficiencies Pede edest strian rian acc access t ess to o pub public tr lic transpo ansporta tation tion Open space and ha Open space and habita bitat pr t preser eserva vation tion Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com
Density + Climate Change = Heat + Air Pollution? Opportunities for Resilient Urban Design Urban Heat Island illustration, www.epa.gov (2009). Radiant Heat, Infrared Satellite imagery, http://www.urbanheatislands. Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP com/ (2009). RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com
Climate-Resilient Urban Design Morphological Indicators Ther hermal mal emiss emissions ions per per par parcel cel Stone, et.al. (2001) http://www.gcp-urcm.org/files/A20060904/ theme4/stone.pdf (2006) Urban Ur ban for orm m rela elate ted t d to o ther th ermal mal ef efficienc ficiency: : Lo Low net net t ther hermal mal emis emissions ions in com in compac pact c t comm ommunit unities ies Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com http://www.davidwallphoto.com (2009) http://www.re-nest.com/uimages/re-nest/5-11-2009suburb.jpg (2009).
Sustainable Urban Design Broadening “ Placemaking ” Paradigm Traditional Urban Design “Choice - Supporting” Paradigm Compared to “Sustainable” Urban Design Traditional Urban Design Sustainable Urban Design Resilience – Adaptive Permeability - connectivity Vitality - Interactions Comfort - Environment Permeability Variety - Options Resource Efficiency - Demand, Synergy, Re-Use Legibility – Understandable Biotic Support - Environmental Diversity Health - Pathological Prevention Odoleye et al., (2008) Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com
Morphological Indicators + Design Guidelines Urban Climatology into Design Language Elementar Elementary y fr framew amewor ork k composed of composed of generic generic urban urban for orm pa m patt tter erns ns and and mor morphological phological indica indicator tors Patt tter erns ns char haracter acteriz ized ed for or clima limate te resili esilience ence to to gener generate te regional gional scenar scenarios ios Tool ool de developed f eloped for or da data ta inpu input, t t, to o anal analyz yze e scenar scenarios ios Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com Bouyer (2009)
Climate-Resilient Urban Design Solar Design + Morphological Strategies Str Street eet and public and public space lay space layout out to to mitiga mit igate te solar solar gain gain and overhea and erheating ting Pass assiv ive e st strate tegies gies to incr to increase ease comf comfor ort t and reduce ener and educe energy y load loads Width Street Str eet cany canyon on geometr geo metry: y: Raven (2009 ). Sky Sk y view view factor actor Sky View Factor Height Walter et.al. (1992). Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com http://www.gvc2.gu.se/ngeo/urban/Activities/svf.htm (2009 ).
Climate-Resilient Urban Design Urban Ventilation + Morphological Strategies Urban wind flows, TR Oke (1987). Dual aspect ventilation, l'Université de Laval (2006). Vauban, Germany (http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/ b logs/greeninc/vauban.jpeg (2009). Raven (2008) Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com
Resilient Urban Design: Sun and Wind Passive Strategies for the Built Environment (JRaven) Kolkata (Calcutta) Green Satellite Cities Project, India (JRaven) (JRaven) Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design Kolka olkata ta Gr Green een S Satellite De tellite Develop elopmen ment, t, In India dia jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com
Integrated Systems Urban Design Scale Planning Planning orient orientation tion Summer sun path (right, bott (right, bottom) om) should be should be Late day summer sun rota otated ted appr pproxima ximatel tely y ten de ten degrees ees to t to the he east east of due sout of due south h in or in order der to to Winter sun path mit mitiga igate te hea heat gain fr t gain from om the the la late after te afternoon sun. noon sun. This his orient orientation tion st still ill pr provides vides optimal optimal Solar path (JRaven) souther southern n expo xposur sure f e for or daylight daylighting ing and and photovoltaic photo oltaic panels. panels. Planning orientation (JRaven) Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design Kolka olkata ta Gr Green een S Satellite De tellite Develop elopmen ment, t, In India dia jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com
Integrated Systems Urban Design Scale Prevailing winds (JRaven) Composite (JRaven) Water flow (JRaven) Jeffrey Raven, AIA, LEED AP RAVEN Architecture + Urban Design Kolka olkata ta Gr Green een S Satellite De tellite Develop elopmen ment, t, In India dia jeffrey@jeffraven.com - www.jeffraven.com
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