EV charging How EVs are charged? What are the most important international charging standards? Juha Vesa SESKO Development Manager 13.4.2016 1
Content – Short survey on standardization • What is a standard? • How they are prepared? – Standards and legislation – How EVs are charged? – What are the most important international charging standards? 13.4.2016 2
What is a standard? Formal definition of a standard in SFS-EN 45020: Document, established by consensus and approved by a recognized body, that provides, for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context. Standards – set out requirements for a specific item, material, component, system or service – describe in detail a particular method or procedure – facilitate international trade by ensuring compatibility and interoperability of components, products and services – bring benefits to businesses and consumers in terms of reducing costs, enhancing performance and improving safety. Standards are developed and defined through a process of sharing knowledge and building consensus among technical experts nominated by interested parties and other stakeholders - including businesses, consumers and environmental groups, among others. There are several different types of standards. Basically, standards include requirements and/or recommendations in relation to products, systems, processes or services. Standards can also be a way to describe a measurement or test method or to establish a common terminology within a specific sector. On the fast developing areas certain pre-standards are prepared quickly (IEC/PAS, IEC/TS, IEC/TR). These will be implemented as a standards after couple of years (E.g. Led technology. 13.4.2016 3
Standardization organization General Electrotechnology Communication ISO ITU Global TC 22/SC 21 23H, 64, 69, 121B etc. Europe CEN ETSI TC 301 23H, 64, 69X etc. Finland SK 23, SK 64, SK 69 IEC = International Electrotechnical Commission CENELEC = European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization 13.4.2016 4
Different electrotechnical standards IEC-standards (Global) – IEC, IEC/PAS, IEC/TS, CISPR, ISO/IEC Total 6200 pcs – European (and national) standards are based on these. EN-standards (European) – Identical in all CENELEC members countries (SFS-EN, BSI-EN, SS- EN jne.) – Conflicting national standars are not allowed – Can be harmonized with regard to directives – 85 % of ENs are based on IEC-standards (EN 6xxxx) ja (EN 550xx), rest are home-grown European standards (EN 50xxx) ja (EN 13xxxx) (applications for railways, alarm systems, HBES) HD-harmonization document (European) – Can be adopted as national standards, conflicting national standards are not allowed – Energy cables, low-voltage installation SFS-standards (Finnish) – 95 % identical with EN-standards (SFS-EN xxxxx) – Less than 10 % are in Finnish, rest are in English – Homegrown standards: Revision of old national standards e.g. for accessories of overhead lines, terminology or standards on areas where no EN-standards exist (low-voltage installation, household plugs and socket-outlet) 13.4.2016 5
Preparation of IEC-, EN- and SFS-standards (parallel procedure) IEC CENELEC SESKO Proposal stage (NP) Proposal or vote on NP-draft Technical content is fixed !!! WG/MT members Maintenance Preparatory stage Last stage to give comments !!! Comments from expert Committee stage (CD) groups M A National enquiry I Parallel CDV- UAP N Enquiry stage (CDV) vote Vote (IEC & CENELEC) T E Comments on EN-draft N A N Parallel FDIS- C Approval stage (FDIS) Vote (IEC & CENELEC) vote UAP E National enquiry C Y BT:n ratification SESKOs Managing director C L E IEC Publication EN Publication SFS-EN-standard SFS-standard is prepared in IEC !!! 13.4.2016 6
EU/national legislation and standards 1. Products 2. Installations No EU-directives for electrical installations EU New Legislative Framework -directives (e.g. LVD 2014/35/EU, EMC 2014/30/EU, ATEX and equipment. 2014/34/EU) have to be implemented by all National legislation is needed for electrical countries. installations in Finland. Give only essential requirements on safety, health, These decrees (KTMp 1193/1999 ja environment and consumer protection. 1194/1999) are ”like directives” and they Refer to harmonized standards (EN) with regard to give a special status for national standards concerning electrical detailed requirements. installations (new regulation 2016-04) Product complying with the EN-standard listed Finnish Safety Authority lists applicable under the directive, fulfills also requirements of standards (Guide S-10) directive and of national legislation. – E.g. SFS 6000, SFS 6001, SFS-EN Harmonized standard gives the presumption of 50341, SFS-EN 60079-14 conformity. The free movement of products is ensured. It is still on the voluntary basis to use EN-standards and essential requirements of the directive can be fulfilled also by some other way. Standard is a voluntary document but the easiest way to declare compliance with requirements of 1. directives and national legislation (products) and 2. national legislation (installations). 13.4.2016 7
Intended charging modes for EVs – SFS-EN 61851-1 Mode 3 charging (Basic charging) – AC supply from a dedicated EV socket-outlet or connetor – 1-, 2- or 3-phase charging with AC up to 3x63 A or 1x70 A – Extended safety functionalities • Continuous protective earth conductor continuity checking • No proper connection, no voltage – Extended control possibilities (e.g. controlling the charging current) – Feeding back electricity from V2G Mode 4 charging (Power charging) – DC charging from an external charger – Fixed charging cable in a charging station – Enables flexible and controllable charging with a theoratically max. power 120-170 kW 13.4.2016 8
Occasional charging and LEV charging Mode 2 charging (slow charging) SFS-EN 61851-1 – 1-, 2 or 3-phase charging with AC up to 32 A – Charging cable is equipped with an in-cable control box (IC-CPD) which includes control and safety related functionalities such as restriction of the charging current – IC-CPD provides extended safety functionalities as mode 3 Mode 1 charging (LEV charging, class II) IEC 61851-3 – An AC charging method from household socket- outlets – Supplying circuit shall be provided with an RCD – Class II equipment – Normally used for LEVs 13.4.2016 9
Wireless charging, battery swapping Wireless charging Battery swapping IEC 61980-1:2015 Electric vehicle wireless Draft IEC/TS 62840-1 Ed. 1.0 Electric power transfer systems (WPT) - Part 1: vehicle battery swap system. Part 1: General requirements System description and general requirements, will be published 2016 Draft IEC/TS 61980-2 Ed. 1.0 Part 2 Communication between EV and Draft IEC 62840-2 Ed. 1.0 Part 2: infrastructure with respect to wireless power Safety requirements, will be published transfer (WPT) systems, will be published 2016 2017 Draft IEC/TS 61980-3 Ed. 1.0 Part 3 Specific requirements for the magnetic field power transfer systems, will be published 2017 13.4.2016 10
Safety standards for conductive charging From charging point to EV SFS-EN 61851-1 Safety requirements SFS-EN 61851-21 On- and off-board charger EMC SFS-EN 61851-23 DC-charging station SFS-EN 61851-24 Comm. between DC-charging station and EV SFS-EN 62196-1 & -2 AC plug, socket-outlet, connector, inlet SFS-EN 62196-1 & -3 DC and AC/DC connector, inlet prEN 50620 Charging cable From grid to charging point SFS 6000-7-722 Supply of charging station (fixed installation) SFS 6000-8-813 Selection of socket-outlets etc. IEC/TS 61439-7 Charging post (enclosures etc.) SFS-EN 61000-6-2 & -3 EMC, immunity and emission SFS-EN 61140 Protection against electric shock SFS-EN 61508 Functional safety 13.4.2016 11
Standards concerning EV, communication and security Safety of EV ISO 6469, ISO 17409 EMC of EV (general) ISO 7637, 11451, 11452 Battery cells and packs SFS-EN 62660-1, -2 ISO 12405-1, -2, -3 Communication & Security ISO/IEC 15118 -sarja V2G Communication SFS-EN 61850-7-420 DER logical nodes ISO/IEC 15408 – series Security technics ISO/IEC 27001-1 Security technics 13.4.2016 12
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