Codling Moth Control with Selective Insecticides + Sugar and Yeast R.A. Van Steenwyk, A. L. Knight and R. Elkins
Experimental Design – Calif. Field Exp. • Commercial Bartlett pear orchard in Fairfield, CA • 25’ x 25’ spacing • Six treatments with and without sugar/yeast • Replicated four times in a RCB • Materials applied at 75% max label • Cane sugar at 1 lb and Red Star bread yeast at 3 lb/100 gal (SY) • Treatments: Entrust, Assail, Altacor, Delegate, Intrepid and check
Degree Days and CM captured per trap/day 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 CM/trap/day 16 April 126 DD Spray 2.5 18 June 5 June 250 DD Spray 2 nd Biofix 2.0 4 April 24 April 11 June 1 st Biofix 243 DD Spray 136 DD Spray 1.5 1 July 17 May 520 DD Spray 590 DD Spray 1.0 8 July 22 May 685 DD Spray 663 DD Spray 0.5 0.0
Evaluation • 20 leaves sampled weekly from interior and exterior of foliage of each replicate • 250 fruit per replicate were inspected at harvest for damage
Web Spinning Mites 100.0 b 90.0 Without SY 80.0 Season total WSM per 20 leaves With SY 70.0 60.0 ab 50.0 40.0 30.0 a a 20.0 a a a a a a a a 10.0 0.0 Entrust 2SC Assail 30SG Intrepid 2F Altacor Delegate Untreated 35WDG 25WG check
Rust Mites 4,500.0 c 4,000.0 3,500.0 Season total RM per 20 leaves Without SY With SY 3,000.0 bc bc bc 2,500.0 ab ab ab 2,000.0 ab ab ab 1,500.0 1,000.0 ab a 500.0 0.0 Entrust 2SC Assail Intrepid 2F Altacor Delegate Untreated 30SG 35WDG 25WG check
Rust Mites Harvest Evaluation 9.0 a a 8.0 Without SY Percent rust mite damaged fruit 7.0 With SY 6.0 ab ab 5.0 ab 4.0 3.0 ab 2.0 b b b 1.0 b b b 0.0 Entrust 2SC Assail 30SG Intrepid 2F Altacor 35WDG Delegate 25WG Untreated check
% Codling Moth Damage Harvest Evaluation 6.0 Without SY Percent CM damaged fruit 5.0 With SY 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 Entrust 2SC Assail 30SG Intrepid 2F Altacor Delegate Cumulative 35WDG 25WG
Conclusions – CA Secondary Pests: • Assail 30SG caused outbreak of TSSM • Delegate 25WG caused outbreak of PRM in leaf and harvest samples Harvest Evaluation: • The SY did not significantly improve CM control • Lower CM infestation in SY with Entrust 2SC and check but not significantly different • All treatments had significantly less CM damage than the checks
Experimental Design – WA Laboratory Exp. • Laboratory bioassays • Fruit treated with water, Intrepid, Delegate, Entrust and Altacor at 1% and 5% of field rates, with and without the SY using a fruit dip method. • 5 neonate CM larvae placed on each fruit • Fruit was stored for 14 days at 25ᵒC • Fruit was then examined under a microscope to determine number of larvae alive and number of stings
Laboratory Results-WA 1.2 1.0 Proportion CM damaged fruit Without SY With SY 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 * 0.0 Water Intrepid Intrepid Entrust Entrust Altacor Altacor Delegate Delegate 1% 5% 1% 5% 1% 5% 1% 5% *Only Altacor at 5% showed significantly lower damage when combined with sugar and yeast
Experimental Design – WA Field Exp. • Seven treatments replicated 10 times • Treatments were: untreated check, a water control, CpGV a , CpGV+BY b S c , CpGV + Ct d +S, CpGV + Lasp e +S, CpGV + MIB f • Treatments applied at 100 gpa on 28 May, 6, 13, and 21 June and 2, 12, 17, and 26 July and 5 Aug • Data was recorded for pear slug, CM, Pandemis leafroller and San Jose Scale a 0.5 oz per 100 gal b 3 lbs of Red Star bread yeast per 100 gal c 1 lb of cane sugar per 100 gal d 3 lbs of the wild yeast Cryptococcus tephrensis isolated from codling moth larvae in 2011 per 100 gal e 3 lbs of L-Aspartate per 100 gal f 2 quarts of Monterey Insect Bait per 100 gal
Pear Slug Damage 1 Mean Proportion injury from Pear Slug a 0.9 a ab 0.8 ab Heavy 0.7 bc 0.6 cd 0.5 0.4 d 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 Unsprayed Water CpGV CpGV + CpGV + CpGV + CpGV + control BY/S Ct/S Lasp/S MIB Heavy is >10 marks, low is <10 marks from pear slug
CM Damage 0.1 a a 0.09 Proportion CM damaged fruit 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 b b 0.03 b b b 0.02 0.01 0 Unsprayed Water CpGV CpGV + CpGV + CpGV + CpGV + control BY/S Ct/S Lasp/S MIB
Conclusions -WA • The addition of yeast and sugar significantly increased the efficacy of Altacor in lab trial • The addition of adjuvants did not improve efficacy of a codling moth CpGv program • Pear slug outbreak, injury pattern indicates that the sugary baits attracted and/or stimulated pear slug feeding, likely confounding the results of the field study
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