CLOSING THE EXPECTATIONS GAP Preparing all students for college, careers and life Margaret Horn Vice President, State Leadership and Policy A+ Washington July 10, 2012
About Achieve Achieve, Inc., was created by the nation’s governors and business leaders in 1996 following the first National Education Summit. Achieve is a bipartisan, non-profit organization that helps states raise academic standards, improve assessments, and strengthen accountability to prepare all young people for postsecondary education, work, and citizenship. Achieve currently is working with 35 states through the American Diploma Project Network to design and implement policies that aim to close the expectations gap. 2
The ADP Network Today 3
What is College and Career Readiness? A career provides a family- College includes any education sustaining wage and pathways beyond high school that leads to a to advancement and requires postsecondary credential (i.e. a training or education beyond professional certificate, license, Associates or Bachelor’s degree). high school. Being ready for college and careers means that a high school graduate has the core, foundational knowledge and skills necessary to qualify for and succeed in entry-level, credit-bearing coursework - be it at a university, community college, technical/vocational program, apprenticeship or on the job - without the need for remedial or corrective courses. 4
Why College- and Career-Ready Expectations for All? A high school diploma is no longer enough; now, nearly every good job requires some education beyond high school – such as an associate’s or bachelor’s degree, certificate, license, or completion of an apprenticeship or significant on-the-job training. Far too many students drop out or graduate from high school without the knowledge and skills required for success, closing doors and limiting their post-high school options and opportunities. The best way to prepare students for life after high school is to align K-12 and postsecondary expectations. All students deserve a world- class education that prepares them for college, careers and life. 5
Jobs in Today’s (and Tomorrow’s) Workforce Require More Education & Training Percentage of Workforce by Education Level 2018 40% 2002 40% 1973 33% 35% 32% 29% 32% 27% 30% 30% 28% 25% 20% 16% 15% 12% 10% 11% 10% 5% 0% Bachelors & Some College / Higher High School Associates High School Graduate Dropout Source: Carnevale, Anthony P. et al. (June 2010). Help Wanted: Projections of Jobs and Education Requirements Through 2018. Georgetown Center on Education and the Workforce. 6 www9.georgetown.edu/grad/gppi/hpi/cew/pdfs/FullReport.pdf
America’s International Edge is Slipping in Postsecondary Degree Attainment 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 % Young Adults (25-34) with College Degree % Adults (25-64) with College Degree Source: OECD. Education at a Glance 2010 . (All rates are self-reported.) http://www.oecd- ilibrary.org/education/education-at-a-glance-2010_eag-2010-en; National Center for Higher Education 7 Management Systems, analysis of 2009 American Community Survey. http://www.higheredinfo.org
America’s International Edge is Slipping in Postsecondary Degree Attainment % of Citizens with Postsecondary Degrees Among OECD Countries, by Age Group (2006) 55-64 45-54 35-44 25-34 ALL (25-64) 1 U.S. (40%) Canada (44%) Canada (54%) Korea (58%) Canada (49%) 2 Canada (40%) Japan (43%) Japan (48%) Canada (56%) Japan (43%) 3 N.Z. (34%) U.S. (40%) Finland (44%) Japan (55%) U.S. (41%) 4 Finland (29%) N.Z. (38%) U.S. (43%) N.Z. (48%) N.Z. (40%) 5 Australia (28%) Finland (37%) Korea (43%) Norway (46%) Finland (37%) 6 Norway (28%) Australia (33%) N.Z. (40%) Ireland (45%) Korea (37%) 7 Switz. (27%) Denmark (32%) Norway (38%) Denmark (43%) Norway (36%) 8 U.K. (27%) Norway (32%) Australia (38%) Belgium (42%) Australia (36%) 9 Sweden (26%) Switz. (31%) Denmark (37%) Australia (42%) Denmark (34%) 10 Neth. (26%) Neth. (31%) Ireland (37%) U.S. (42%) Ireland (34%) 11 Denmark (26%) Iceland (30%) Switz. (36%) Sweden (41%) Switz. (34%) 12 Japan (26%) U.K. (30%) Iceland (36%) France (41%) U.K. (33%) 13 Germany (24%) Belgium (29%) Belgium (35%) Neth. (40%) Belgium (32%) Iceland (24%) Sweden (28%) U.K. (33%) Spain (39%) Neth. (32%) 14 15 Belgium (22%) Ireland (27%) Sweden (33%) Luxembourg (39%) Sweden (32%) 45-64: Washington (42%) WA (44%) WA (41%) WA (42%) Source: OECD. Education at a Glance 2010. http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/education-at-a-glance- 2010_eag-2010-en ; National Center for Higher Education Management Systems analysis of 2009 American 8 Community Survey. http://www.higheredinfo.org
America’s International Edge is Slipping in High School Graduation Rates Washington U.S. Korea Poland Canada Israel Germany Denmark Ireland Norway Netherlands U.K. Iceland 0 20 40 60 80 100 % Young Adults (25-34) with HS Diploma+ % Adults (25-64) with HS Diploma+ Source: OECD. Education at a Glance 2010 . (All rates are self-reported) http://www.oecd- ilibrary.org/education/education-at-a-glance-2010_eag-2010-en; National Center for Higher Education Management Systems, analysis of 2008 and 2009 American Community Survey. http://www.higheredinfo.org 9
FAR TOO MANY STUDENTS DROP OUT OR GRADUATE FROM HIGH SCHOOL UNPREPARED FOR REAL WORLD CHALLENGES
Of Every 100 9 th Graders in Washington… 100 100 90 80 69 70 60 50 35 40 25 30 18 20 10 0 9th Graders Graduate Enroll in Still Enrolled Earn a High School College In the Sophomore College in 4 Years Fall Year of Degree College Source: National Center for Higher Education Management Systems (2008). Student Pipeline - Transition and Completion Rates from 9th Grade to College. http://www.higheredinfo.org 11
Achievement Remains Low: 8 th Grade Achievement Over Time % At or Above Proficient on 8th Grade NAEP 8 th Grade Math 1992 2009 Washington n/a 39% U.S. 21% 34% 8 th Grade Reading 1998 2009 Washington 32% 36% U.S. 33% 32% 8 th Grade Science 1996 2009 Washington 27% 34% U.S. 29% 30% Source: National Assessment of Educational Progress. Analysis of data downloaded from http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/naepdata/ 12
And Gaps Persist: Washington’s 8 th Grade Achievement Gap % At or Above Proficient on 8th Grade NAEP 8 th Grade Math 8 th Grade 8 th Grade Science Subgroup (2009) Reading (2009) (2009) All Students 39% 36% n/a White 46% 41% 41% Black 16% 13% 16% Hispanic 13% 17% 9% Asian 53% 42% 39% American Indian 23% 25% 20% Source: National Assessment of Educational Progress. Analysis of data downloaded from http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/naepdata/ 13
High School Graduation Rates Remain Inequitable in Washington 100% 81% 78% 77% 80% 51% 69% 72% 56% 68% 54% 60% 55% 40% 50% 40% 20% 0% American Asian Hispanic U.S. Indian Black White WA All Source: Education Week (2007). Graduation in the United States . http://www.edweek.org/media/ew/dc/2010/34sos_gradrate.pdf 14
Washington’s Students Taking College Admissions Exams 2010 Washington U.S. Participation in ACT 19% 47% Average ACT Score 23 21 Participation in SAT 54% 47% Average SAT Score 1564 1509 Source: ACT (2010). ACT 2009 Results . http://www.act.org/news/data/09/states.html ; College Board. Mean 2010 SAT 15 Scores by State . http://professionals.collegeboard.com/profdownload/2010-sat-trends.pdf
Students Meeting College Readiness Benchmark Percentage of ACT-tested graduates who met or exceeded the College Readiness Benchmark score 79 66 80 67 52 61 60 43 41 29 40 36 24 20 0 English, Reading, U.S. Math, 2010 2010 Science, 2010 WA All 4 tests, 2010 2010 Note: A benchmark score indicates a 50% chance of obtaining a B or higher or about a 75% chance of obtaining a C or higher in the corresponding credit-bearing college courses. Source: ACT (2010). College Readiness Benchmark Attainment by State . http://www.act.org/news/data/10/benchmarks.html?utm_campaign=cccr10&utm_source=data10_l 16 eftnav&utm_medium=web#benchmark
Students Participating in Advanced Placement and Exceeding College and Career Readiness Percent of all 12th Graders Participating in Advanced Placement (2008) Source: College Board (2011). AP Report to the Nation. 17 http://professionals.collegeboard.com/profdownload/7th-annual-ap-report-to-the-nation-2011.pdf
Enrollment in College Does NOT Equal College Readiness in Washington Percentage of Recent Graduates Enrolled in Remediation at Washington Two- and Four-Year Institutions, 2007 80% 67% 60% 30% 40% 20% 14% 10% 0% No Remediation Math English Math & English 18 Source: Washington Higher Education Coordinating Board, “Key Facts about Higher Education in Washington, 2011” Fall 2008. http://www.hecb.wa.gov/keyfacts/documents/RevisedBinder1 -18-11.pdf
Enrollment in College Does NOT Equal College Readiness in Washington Percentage of Recent Graduates at Washington Community and Technical Colleges Enrolled in “Pre - College” Courses, 2009 54% 60% 48% 40% 18% 20% 10% 0% Any Math Writing Reading Source: Role of Pre-College (Developmental and Remedial) Education for Recent High School 19 Graduates Attending Washington Community and Technical Colleges - System Summary for Students Enrolled in 2008-09 (December 2009); http://www.sbctc.edu/college/d_deveducation.aspx
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