Click to edit Master title style Monitoring Vegetation Changes w ith NDVI Trends • Click to edit Master text styles and – Second level Delineating Agricultural Droughts • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level Sushil Pradhan GIS Specialist Mountain Environment and Natural Resources’ Information Systems (MENRIS) International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) E-mail: suspradhan@icimod.org.np 1
Click to edit Master title style Background Monitoring of vegetation pattern • Click to edit Master text styles is important as it is related to – Second level crop production levels, and to perennial vegetation/rangeland • Third level production – Fourth level Need to improve basic » Fifth level understanding of dynamics of the vegetation cover changes Methodology to map and monitor land cover and vegetation behavior by remote sensing is useful 3
Click to edit Master title style Background • Click to edit Master text styles Study of Greenness using annual and seasonal NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) – Second level • Third level – Fourth level 10 days’ time series SPOT Vegetation satellite images » Fifth level (1km x 1km) 1998 – 2004 (7 years) 4
Click to edit Master title style SPOT Vegetation Satellite Image • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 5
Click to edit Master title style NDVI Calculation Method • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level GRID • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level NDVI Individual NDVI ArcView Script Calculations GRIDs NDVI = - 0.1 + (0.00400 x G) Where, G = individual GRIDs exported from individual images. 6
Click to edit Master title style Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) • Click to edit Master text styles Referred as “Greenness” maps – Second level Indicative of the amount of green vegetation on • Third level earth’s surface – Fourth level Allows to compare spatial and temporal variability » Fifth level in the amount and condition of vegetation Useful to monitor seasonal development of vegetation it responds to rainfall and other factors affecting growth and production 7
Click to edit Master title style NDVI Maps June 21, 2003 January 21, 2003 February 21, 2003 • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 8
Click to edit Master title style 10-Day’s Vegetation Pattern Changes of Myanmar • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 17
Click to edit Master title style Vegetation Growth Trend Analysis, 1999 - 2004 Vegetation Growing Trend of MYANMAR • Click to edit Master text styles 1999 - 2004 – Second level 0.8 • Third level 0.7 – Fourth level 0.6 » Fifth level Vegetation Indices 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 Jan-99 Jul-99 Nov-99 Jan-00 Jul-00 Nov-00 Jan-01 Jul-01 Nov-01 Jan-02 Jul-02 Nov-02 Jan-03 Jul-03 Nov-03 Jan-04 Jul-04 Nov-04 Mar-99 May-99 Sep-99 Mar-00 May-00 Sep-00 Mar-01 May-01 Sep-01 Mar-02 May-02 Sep-02 Mar-03 May-03 Sep-03 Mar-04 May-04 Sep-04 18 Months/Years
Click to edit Master title style Comparison of growing seasons Best Growing Monthly Vegetation Growth Pattern of MYANMAR • Click to edit Master text styles 1999 - 2004 season –October and November 0.8 – Second level 0.7 Dry season – June • Third level and July 0.6 – Fourth level Basis for detailed » Fifth level 0.5 Vegetation Indices 1999 analysis 2000 2001 0.4 2002 2003 2004 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 19 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Months
Click to edit Master title style Agricultural Vegetation Anomalies 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 22
Click to edit Master title style Drought Analysis Shows the most severe dryness occurred for different locations – • Click to edit Master text styles the worst growing season of the six-year period – Second level Derived by selecting the minimum of six annual maximum NDVI • Third level values, i.e. the lowest greenness value of the six primary growing seasons – Fourth level » Fifth level Provides insight into the annual variability of precipitation, resulting in drought-induced vegetation production anomalies 23
Click to edit Master title style Drought Analysis (1999 – 2004) • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 24
Click to edit Master title style Vegetation Monitoring - Afghanistan • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 25
Click to edit Master title style Vegetation Monitoring - Bhutan 2003 September 11 2003 October 1 2003 February 1 2003 March 1 2003 April 11 2003 May 11 2003 June1 2003 July 21 2003 August 1 2003 August 11 2003 August 21 2003 September 1 2003 September 21 2003 October 11 2003 October 21 2003 November 1 2003 November 11 2003 November 21 2003 December 1 2003 December 11 2003 December 21 2003 January 1 • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 26
Click to edit Master title style Vegetation Monitoring– TAR/China • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 27
Click to edit Master title style Vegetation Monitoring – HP, India • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 28
Click to edit Master title style Agricultural Vegetation Anomalies - Nepal • Click to edit Master text styles Nepal Nepal Nepal Nepal – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 38
Click to edit Master title style Annual Precipitation • Click to edit Master text styles Rainfall 1998 Rainfall 1999 Rainfall 2000 – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 39
Click to edit Master title style Correlation Analysis: Low Agricultural Production with Precipitation, 1999 • Click to edit Master text styles 77% are within poor rainfall zone – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 40
Click to edit Master title style Rangeland Management • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 42
Click to edit Master title style Rangeland Management • Click to edit Master text styles – Second level • Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 43
Click to edit Master title style Conclusion NDVI time series can be used to monitor vegetation growth, crop • Click to edit Master text styles monitoring and harvest forecasting, drought monitoring, soil erosion monitoring, forest fire monitoring, etc. – Second level The real-time availability of the imagery can be applied for food security • Third level early warning monitoring by comparing annual curves with long time – Fourth level averages » Fifth level Detecting NDVI anomalies early in the growing season mitigating measure could be taken to prevent crop losses Correlation of NDVI with climatic parameters provides the dynamics of vegetation pattern changes However, correlation of NDVI with other parameters is required, e.g. socio-economic parameters 44
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