Chemical components of wood Cellulose beta 1-4 glucan Extractives - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Chemical components of wood Cellulose beta 1-4 glucan Extractives - various organics Lignin - Phenol propanoid monomers

Straight from Wikipedia The three types of reaction catalyzed by cellulases:1. Breakage of the non-covalent interactions present in the crystalline structure of cellulose (endo-cellulase) 2. Hydrolysis of the individual cellulose fibers to break it into smaller sugars (exo-cellulase) 3. Hydrolysis of disaccharides and tetrasaccharides into glucose (beta-glucosidase).

Chemical components of wood Cellulose beta 1-4 glucan Extractives - various organics Lignin - Phenol propanoid monomers

A fuzzy image of lignin from Wikipedia

Wood X-section (hardwood) Wood X-section (conifer)

Distribution of water and nitrogen in wood

Chemical components of wood Cellulose beta 1-4 glucan Extractives - various organics Lignin - Phenol propanoid monomers

Why the CODIT theory is all wet thanks to Rayner and Boddy

Echinodontium tinctorium Indian paint fungus a fungus that enters branch stubs and waits for years to cause heartrot

Hypoxylon an Ascomycete that decays wood and colonizes endophytically

Diagram of Hypoxylon spore germination in response to bark exudates - work by Ignatio Chapella

Access from one individual tree to another Hymenochaete corrugata - the glue or the bondage fungus

Heartrots Brown rots White rots on living trees Oligoporus amarus (incense cedar only) Phellinus pini Oligoporus sequoiae (pines, Douglas-fir, & others) (coastal redwood only) Echinodontium tinctorius O. balsameus (true fir and hemlock) (Cupressus spp.) Ganoderma applanatum (primarily hardwoods, Oak etc.) Laetiporus sulphureus (wide host range, but esp. eucalyptus and oak) Cryptoporus volvatus ( conifers) Sterum hirsutum (hardwoods) Trichaptum abietinum (conifers) Trametes versicolor (hardwoods) ? Fomitopsis pinicola conifers Armillaria mellea gr. Phaeolus schweinitzii Heterobasidion annosum resinous conifers Phellinus weirii Dead trees Dead trees

Phellinus pini gr. red ring rot See this on the street side of Tolman Hall

The genus Phellinus (& Inonotus) has setae, and a brown hymenium

Ganoderma a common heartrot, white rot

Saprobes Brown rots White rots on living trees Oligoporus amarus (incense cedar only) Phellinus pini Oligoporus sequoiae (pines, Douglas-fir, & others) (coastal redwood only) Echinodontium tinctorius O. balsameus (true fir and hemlock) (Cupressus spp.) Ganoderma applanatum (primarily hardwoods, Oak etc.) Laetiporus sulphureus (wide host range, but esp. eucalyptus and oak) Cryptoporus volvatus ( conifers) Sterum hirsutum (hardwoods) Trichaptum abietinum (conifers) Trametes versicolor (hardwoods) ? Fomitopsis pinicola conifers Armillaria mellea gr. Phaeolus schweinitzii Heterobasidion annosum resinous conifers Phellinus weirii Dead trees Dead trees

Zone lines in wood cause by vegetative interactions between different genotypes of decay fungi

Wood endophytes like Hypoxylon get first dibs

Trichaptum

Saprobes & pathogens that can persist as sabrobes Brown rots White rots on living trees Oligoporus amarus (incense cedar only) Phellinus pini Oligoporus sequoiae (pines, Douglas-fir, & others) (coastal redwood only) Echinodontium tinctorius O. balsameus (true fir and hemlock) (Cupressus spp.) Ganoderma applanatum (primarily hardwoods, Oak etc.) Laetiporus sulphureus (wide host range, but esp. eucalyptus and oak) Cryptoporus volvatus ( conifers) Sterum hirsutum (hardwoods) Trichaptum abietinum (conifers) Trametes versicolor (hardwoods) ? Fomitopsis pinicola conifers Armillaria mellea gr. Phaeolus schweinitzii Heterobasidion annosum resinous conifers Phellinus weirii Dead trees Dead trees

edge of root disease center note progressively thinner crowns and shorter heights

Lion’s tailing A crown symptom caused by lack of expansion of shoot and lower needle retention

Tree failure, a symptom of root decay Heterobasidion annosum P-strain in action at Yosemite village