Chemical Challenges and Opportunities in Critical Materials David - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Chemical Challenges and Opportunities in Critical Materials David K. Shuh Actinide Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences Division Director, The Glenn T. Seaborg Center Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, California 94720 USA Email: DKShuh@lbl.gov; Tel. 510.486.6937 ACS CM Senate Briefing 29 November 2011

Challenging Chemistry: Separations and Process • R a r e e a r t h e l e m e n t characteristics - Difficulty of separating and extracting rare earth elements from ore bodies • Separating/purifying rare earths from other rare earth elements 31871 ¡ • General knowledge of rare Cambridge ¡Structural ¡Database ¡(June ¡2011) ¡ earth element chemistry compared to other areas within chemistry 2001 ¡ 1158 ¡ 1045 ¡2062 ¡ 2154 ¡ 2037 ¡ 1619 ¡ 931 ¡ • Starting point for utilizing rare earths and a basis for future innovation Fe ¡ La ¡ Ce ¡ Pr ¡ Nd ¡ Sm ¡ Eu ¡ Gd ¡ Dy ¡ DKShuh Senate ACS CM Briefing | 29 Nov. 2011

Critical Materials Uses, Needs, and Opportunities DKShuh Senate ACS CM Briefing | 29 Nov. 2011

Chemistry Expertise for Critical Materials: Separations and Process - Translate actinide (5f) element chemistry and experience expertise into rare earth (4f) separations, processes, and materials innovations - New advanced chemistry for separations and processes Combinatorial Biomimetic - Model of a novel rare earth complex. Four 1,2-HOPO building blocks coordinated to a Eu(III) metal center with a ninth cyano unit coordinated. K. N. Raymond et al. (LBNL/UC Berkeley) DKShuh Senate ACS CM Briefing | 29 Nov. 2011

A Separations Example for Thorium: Similar Approach for Rare Earths and Critical Materials? • Novel molecule for thorium separation and sequestration - Waste prevention - Biotechnology - Nuclear energy K. N. Raymond et al. (LBNL/UC Berkeley) DKShuh Senate ACS CM Briefing | 29 Nov. 2011

Critical Materials Chemistry: Catalysis • Development of substitutes from transition metals for platinum-group metal catalysts used in large-scale chemical processes. - Catalyst discovery based on first-row transition metals - Synthetic, mechanistic, and characterization efforts • New rare earth catalysts for bond-cleavage and bond- formation for hydrocarbons • New diesel exhaust catalysts DKShuh Senate ACS CM Briefing | 29 Nov. 2011

Critical Materials Chemistry: Sustainability • Re-use and recycling i n f r a s t r u c t u r e – m a n u f a c t u r i n g , r e - m a n u f a c t u r i n g , reclamation, and efficient process chemistry - Green chemistry and GLASS AND MIRRORS UV CUT GLASS • Cerium POLISHED POWDER environmental • Cerium DIESEL FUEL technologies for LCD SCREEN ADDITIVE • Europium • Cerium • Yttrium • Lanthanum • Cerium materials processing • Development of new, more HYBRID ELECTRIC accurate unit value-based MOTOR AND GENERATOR • Neodymium • Praseodymium lifecycle models to guide • Dysprosium • Terbium HYBRID NiMH i n d u s t r y a n d p o l i c y BATTERY 25+ ELECTRIC MOTORS • Cerium THROUGHOUT VEHICLE • Lanthanum CATALYTIC decision-makers • Cerium CONVERTER • Lanthanum • Cerium/Zirconium • Lanthanum DKShuh Senate ACS CM Briefing | 29 Nov. 2011

Summary: Opportunities and Challenges • New revolutionary applications of rare earths and Critical Materials f r o m i m p r o v e d c h e m i s t r y knowledge and research – Examples in separations and process chemistry – Challenges in catalysis – Discover and develop new alternatives and substitutes – Sustainable chemistry • Support of fundamental and targeted research to ensure both s c i e n t i f i c a n d e c o n o m i c leadership in Critical Materials • Imperative to educate and train the next generation of scientists DKShuh Senate ACS CM Briefing | 29 Nov. 2011

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DKShuh Senate ACS CM Briefing | 29 Nov. 2011

DKShuh Senate ACS CM Briefing | 29 Nov. 2011