Characterization of the Sos Sos Enattos site for the Einstein Telescope Luca Naticchioni 1 , Fulvio Ricci 1,2 , Piero Rapagnani 1,2 , Paola Puppo 1 , Maurizio Perciballi 1 , Gilberto Saccorotti 3 , Carlo Giunchi 3 , Marco Capello 3 , Sonja Gaviano 3 , Michele D’Ambrosio 3 , Mario Paratore 3 , Davide Piccinini 3 , Marco Olivieri 4 , Domenico D’Urso 5 , Massimo Carpinelli 5 , Valeria Sipala 5 , Stefano Cuccuru 5 , Giacomo Oggiano 5 , Enrico Calloni 6,7 , Rosario De Rosa 6,7 , Alessandro Cardini 8 , Carlo Migoni 8 , Federico Paoletti 9 , Valerio Boschi 9 , Michele Punturo 10 1.INFN Roma, 2.University of Rome Sapienza, 3.INGV Pisa, 4.INGV Bologna, 5.University of Sassari & INFN LNS, 6.University of Naples Federico II, 7.INFN Napoli, 8.INFN Cagliari, 9.INFN Pisa, 10.INFN Perugia
Summary ❑ Introduction: ET and Sos Enattos site ❑ Geophysical features of Sardinia and Sos Enattos ❑ Seismic and environmental characterization of the site ❑ Future devolopments 2 L. Naticchioni – Characterization of the Sos Enattos site for ET – TAUP, Toyama, Sept. 2019
The Einstein Telescope: a 3G GW detector an underground laboratory adopting also cryogenic ics 2/2+ generation 3 generation → Fulvio Ricci’s Talk on Monday morning 3 L. Naticchioni – Characterization of the Sos Enattos site for ET – TAUP, Toyama, Sept. 2019
4 L. Naticchioni – Characterization of the Sos Enattos site for ET – TAUP, Toyama, Sept. 2019
Einstein Telescope site Two candidate sites proposed in Europe SO SOS ENATTOS (S (SARDINIA) EUREGIO MEUSE-RHINE 5 L. Naticchioni – Characterization of the Sos Enattos site for ET – TAUP, Toyama, Sept. 2019
The Sos Sos Enattos site Former mine, about 50km of tunnels excavated in > 2000 years of mineral exploitation Lula (Nu) Sos Enattos 6 L. Naticchioni – Characterization of the Sos Enattos site for ET – TAUP, Toyama, Sept. 2019
Sardinia: Is Island of f science Site access: 50’ (85km) drive from Olb lbia ia air irport (hig ighway) Sa SarGrav underground laboratory Sardinia Radio Telescope “ARIA” project (for Gran Sasso Dark Side DM det.) 7 L. Naticchioni – Characterization of the Sos Enattos site for ET – TAUP, Toyama, Sept. 2019
Summary ❑ Introduction: ET and Sos Enattos site ❑ Geophysical features of Sardinia and Sos Enattos ❑ Seismic and environmental characterization of the site ❑ Future devolopments 8 L. Naticchioni – Characterization of the Sos Enattos site for ET – TAUP, Toyama, Sept. 2019
A geophysical overview of f Sardinia - Old rocks ( Variscan basement, 360-290My); - Sardinia microplate not involved in present-day geodynamic of the Mediterranean domain; - Low intra-plate horizontal velocities. 9 L. Naticchioni – Characterization of the Sos Enattos site for ET – TAUP, Toyama, Sept. 2019
A geophysical overview of f Sardinia Geodynamics of the European-Mediterranean region horizontal displacement from Faccenna et al, Rev. Geophys, 2014 10 L. Naticchioni – Characterization of the Sos Enattos site for ET – TAUP, Toyama, Sept. 2019
A geophysical overview of f Sardinia Active faults in the European-Mediterranean region from Faccenna et al, Rev. Geophys, 2014 11 L. Naticchioni – Characterization of the Sos Enattos site for ET – TAUP, Toyama, Sept. 2019
A geophysical overview of f the Sos Sos Enattos area Local geology and rocks Main lithological units: ET “ Triangle ” configuration Sedimentary covers Mesozoic limestones Variscan granitoids Ortogneiss Micaschists and quartzites “ L ” 15km configuration 12 L. Naticchioni – Characterization of the Sos Enattos site for ET – TAUP, Toyama, Sept. 2019
A geophysical overview of f the Sos Sos Enattos area Good geomechanical properties of the rocks along tunnels and caverns! Lodè Buddusò Orthogneiss “ Lodè type ” UCS*: 92.6 / 60.8 Mpa ET “ Triangle ” configuration Micaschist/paragneiss/quartzite Bitti Lula UCS*: 9.9/8.8 Mpa 10 km Granodiorite “ Bitti type ” UCS*: 72.1 Mpa *UCS: uniaxial compressive strength 13 L. Naticchioni – Characterization of the Sos Enattos site for ET – TAUP, Toyama, Sept. 2019
A geophysical overview of f the Sos Sos Enattos area Groundwater - Fracture-induced permeability is confined to superficial granite; quarry lake - ERT tomography shows that granite at depth is practically dry; fractures system - Few groundwater in Sos Enattos: 𝐺 ≈ 1 𝑚/𝑡 from 50 km of tunnels! 14 L. Naticchioni – Characterization of the Sos Enattos site for ET – TAUP, Toyama, Sept. 2019
A geophysical overview of f the Sos Sos Enattos area Background radiation Uranium and Thorium (in ppm), and Potassium concentration (in %). These concentrations expressed as activity equivalent unities are largely below the critical threshold. Th-232 Radon concentration in underground tunnels of Sos Enattos: < 400 Bq/m 3 U-238 K- 40 15 L. Naticchioni – Characterization of the Sos Enattos site for ET – TAUP, Toyama, Sept. 2019
Summary ❑ Introduction: ET and Sos Enattos site ❑ Geophysical features of Sardinia and Sos Enattos ❑ Seismic and environmental characterization of the site ❑ Future devolopments 16 L. Naticchioni – Characterization of the Sos Enattos site for ET – TAUP, Toyama, Sept. 2019
A seismic overview of f Sardinia Seismic hazard Sardinia is unaffected by significant earthquakes 2000-2018 M > 3 17 L. Naticchioni – Characterization of the Sos Enattos site for ET – TAUP, Toyama, Sept. 2019
A seismic overview of f Sardinia Anthropic noise ( 𝑔 > 1𝐼𝑨 ) The inner NE Sardinia is one of the less populated areas in Low population density → Low anthropic noise (f>1Hz) Europe Very low anthropic noise! 18 L. Naticchioni – Characterization of the Sos Enattos site for ET – TAUP, Toyama, Sept. 2019
A seismic overview of f Sardinia Anthropic noise ( 𝑔 > 1𝐼𝑨 ) Low population density → Low anthropic noise (f>1Hz) Low population density: low anthropic noise! 19 L. Naticchioni – Characterization of the Sos Enattos site for ET – TAUP, Toyama, Sept. 2019
Seismic noise at Sos Sos Enattos Low population density → Low anthropic noise (f>1Hz) 20 L. Naticchioni – Characterization of the Sos Enattos site for ET – TAUP, Toyama, Sept. 2019
Seismic noise at Sos Sos Enattos First long period seismic study of the site in 2012-2014 → L Naticchioni et al., 2014, Class. Quantum Grav. 31 (10) ET LF detector band 21 L. Naticchioni – Characterization of the Sos Enattos site for ET – TAUP, Toyama, Sept. 2019
Seismic noise at Sos Sos Enattos First long period seismic study of the site in 2012-2014 → L Naticchioni et al., 2014, Class. Quantum Grav. 31 (10) Primary peak: Secondary peak: 22 L. Naticchioni – Characterization of the Sos Enattos site for ET – TAUP, Toyama, Sept. 2019
Seismic noise at Sos Sos Enattos First long period seismic study of the site in 2012-2014 → L Naticchioni et al., 2014, Class. Quantum Grav. 31 (10) 23 L. Naticchioni – Characterization of the Sos Enattos site for ET – TAUP, Toyama, Sept. 2019
Seismic noise at Sos Sos Enattos Weather influence on microseisms Bad weather , underground (SOE1) good weather , underground (SOE1) 24 L. Naticchioni – Characterization of the Sos Enattos site for ET – TAUP, Toyama, Sept. 2019
Seismic noise at Sos Sos Enattos Record of mine blast - 25 kg, 4 blasts (gallery enlargement for SarGrav laboratory) on October 4 th , 2018 - 5 short-period stations, 500m spacing 25 L. Naticchioni – Characterization of the Sos Enattos site for ET – TAUP, Toyama, Sept. 2019
Seismic noise at Sos Sos Enattos Record of mine blast High velocity P-waves, consistent with local lithology Rayleigh wave dispersion from FTAN of mine blast recordings Group velocity at individual frequencies DISTANCE (km) is derived from: (1) BP Gaussian filtering (2) Hilbert Transform (envelopes) (3) Peak recognition Amplitude attenuation 26 L. Naticchioni – Characterization of the Sos Enattos site for ET – TAUP, Toyama, Sept. 2019
Sos Sos Enattos sensors array 2019 Marc rch - September T240 seismom. 84 m depth T240 seismom. Magnetometer Microphone 111 m depth Guralp120 seismom. Router & UMTS web connection 338 m asl 27 L. Naticchioni – Characterization of the Sos Enattos site for ET – TAUP, Toyama, Sept. 2019
1 week Seismic noise at Sos Sos Enattos (2019 April) SOE0 SOE1 -88m Surface, 338m asl SOE0/SOE2 SOE2 -111m 28 L. Naticchioni – Characterization of the Sos Enattos site for ET – TAUP, Toyama, Sept. 2019
4 months Seismic noise at Sos Sos Enattos (2019/4-8) SOE0 SOE2 -111m Surface, 338m asl NHNM NHNM NLNM NLNM 29 L. Naticchioni – Characterization of the Sos Enattos site for ET – TAUP, Toyama, Sept. 2019
1 week Seismic noise at Sos Sos Enattos (2019 April) Spectrograms SOE1_z -88m microseisms Teleseisms: A) C) B) A) Mw 6.3 , Papua Nuova Guinea B) Mw 6.1 , Ecuador C) Mw 6.2 , Rat Islands, Aleutian 30 L. Naticchioni – Characterization of the Sos Enattos site for ET – TAUP, Toyama, Sept. 2019
4 months Seismic noise at Sos Sos Enattos (2019/4-8) Spectrograms SOE0_z Surface, 338m asl SOE2_z Underground -111m Microseisms Microseisms 31 L. Naticchioni – Characterization of the Sos Enattos site for ET – TAUP, Toyama, Sept. 2019
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