CHANGE, MOVE OR DIE! Climate change and biodiversity Collected by Riitta Nykänen
NATURAL DIVERSITY Within species Taxonomic Ecosystem Geodiversity Processes HUMAN CULTURES Diversity Values Meanings Practices
ECOSYSTEM SERVICES Supporting Services Primary production Production of atmospheric oxygen Soil formation and retention Nutrient cycling Water cycling Provisioning of habitat Provisioning Services Food, fiber and other biomass Fuel Genetic resources Chemicals for processes, medicine etc Ornamental resources Fresh water
Regulating Services Air quality maintenance Climate regulation Water regulation and purification Erosion control Waste treatment Regulation of diseases Pollination Cultural Services Cultural diversity Cultural heritage values Spiritual and religious values Knowledge systems Educational values Inspiration, aesthetic values Social relations, sense of place Recreation and ecotourism
GREENHOUSE EFFECT AND CLIMATE CHANGE Greenhouse effect is necessary for life on Earth, but: increased amounts of greenhouse Radiation of the sun gases couse the climate to get warmer, which leads the weather to: ‐ become less predictable ‐ be more extreme ‐ be more rainy and cloudy in average. Changing weather couses: ‐ shorter winters ‐ snow change ‐ increased flows of water ‐ storms of various kind ‐ floods ‐ draught specially in the spring ‐ melting glaciers and polar ice ‐ rising of the surfaces of the seas Heat radiating out of the Earth
Pohjois‐Suomi Northern Finland Etelä‐Suomi Average amount Southern Finland of rain Kasvaa/ lisääntyy Increases Ennallaan No change Amount of rainy days Lyhenee Gets shorter Alue Area Volume of heavy rains Talvi: Winter Kevät: Spring Kesä: Summer Syksy: Autumn Vuosi: Year Length of rainless spells
UNPREDICTABILITY ‐ odd winters
GROUND FROST AND PACK SNOW…
ADAPTATION!!! Change, move or die! Learning and evolution Moving of individuals (north and up) Changing disrtibution of species (north and up)
CHANGES IN HUMIDITY AND RAIN ARE A THREAT TO MANY ORGANISMS AND ECOSYSTEMS
GOOD AND BAD SNOW Protection and hindrance
TIMING IS EVERYTHING Black grouse and capercaillie suffer from climate change. Early spring can lead to too early mating display, which can lead to too early hatching of the young. Cold and rain weather means fewer insects and hunger for the young. Lakka, cloudberry, Rubus chememorus has a similar problem. Too early blooming may end up with frost or heavy rain and few pollinating insects.
MIRES AND SMALL WATERS DEPEND ON BOTH RAIN‐ AND GROUND WATER
ROKUA IS A FORMER DELTA OF A GLACIER RIVER It consists of sandy deposits in forms of a.e. eskers and dunes. Rain water seeps through sandy soil very fast and is then not available for the vegetation. SUPPA – KETTLE HOLE Huge ice lumps were covered by the sand by the flow of the river. When they melted, kettle holef were formed.
ROKUA HAS UNIQUE WATER SYSTEMS Sandy soil does not keep rainwater, but it seeps into ground forming ground water beds. Draught can couse the groud water level to sink. It can be seen in kettle hole ponds. Sandy soils are dry and sensitive to erosion. Heavy rains may increase it. Sunny very dry slopes are a rare nature type and may be threatened by extreme drought and erosion. Also short winters add to the problem.
ROKUA IS A VALUABLE AREA Rokua National Park protects the oldest forests in the area. Forests get more lush and diverse when they age. Rokua is a popular recreational area with many hiking routes and skiing tracks. Climate change can have an effect on the conditions for activities. Rokua also gets many summer residents, who enjoy the forests, lakes and services. Tourism is a source for livelihood and vitality. Climate change can change the economic environment and people´s preferences.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! PICTURES Metsähallitus Natural Heritage Services Ilmasto‐opas.fi images.nationalparks.fi Humanpolis Riitta Nykänen Leena Kinnunen
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