Technology and Society Lab LCM 2007 – session “ LCM in emerging countries ” Zürich (Switzerland), August 27 to 29, 2007 Case Study for Applicability of a National LCI Database in an International Context „Ecological Footprint“ of the Chinese Electronics Industry, calculated w ith the ecoinvent database Roland Hischier , Martin Eugster, Martin Streicher-Porte Technology & Society Lab, Empa, St. Gallen (Switzerland) Huabo Duan Environmental Science & Engineering, Tsinghua University, Bejing (China) 32nd DF LCA / Empa Akademie, Dübendorf / page 1
Technology and Society Lab Content � ingredients � results � our way to achieve these results � … what does this mean for your projects ? 32nd DF LCA / Empa Akademie, Dübendorf / page 2
Technology and Society Lab Ingredients (i) an international project (ii) a database Sustainable Development and China: Global Markets ecoinvent data v2 32nd DF LCA / Empa Akademie, Dübendorf / page 3
Technology and Society Lab ingredient ONE – an international project Sustainable Development: China & Global Markets � Identify and Assess China’s role and its potential in driving sustainable management with respect to the following three global product chains through the application of a “ Global Commodity Chain Environmental Analysis ”: � Forest product chain; � Cotton chain; � Electric-electronic product chain. � Initiate international engagement on issue of sustainable development challenges of China & global markets; � Develop follow-up steps & strategies for further international cooperation. 32nd DF LCA / Empa Akademie, Dübendorf / page 4
Technology and Society Lab ingredient ONE – an international project Sustainable Development: China & Global Markets seco commissioner Advisory Group IISD MOFCOM Study III: EEE Study I: forestry Study II: cotton Research team Research team Research team Empa IISD Öko-Institut CEEDI Tsinghua U. 32nd DF LCA / Empa Akademie, Dübendorf / page 5
Technology and Society Lab ingredient TWO – a database the ecoinvent database -> Database with consistent, harmonised, quality controlled, international industrial LCA data Support - government with accepted life cycle data - academia with transparent data - industry with easy to use indicators Increase - efficiency in LCA work - Increase credibility and acceptance of LCA …in order to support IPP, EPD, DfE, EMAS 32nd DF LCA / Empa Akademie, Dübendorf / page 6
Technology and Society Lab Our contribution … to ingredient TWO: extension in sector of electronics establish average datasets of the production, use and disposal of electronics devices and components (including all the subsequent datasets for the necessary basic materials etc.). electronics @ ecoinvent Empa Dübendorf/St. Gallen project 1 project 2 project 3 Coordination Coordination “Metals for ICT” “ICT Prod/Use” “WEEE disposal” ecoinvent data v2.0 part 1 SP2 SP1 SP3 part 2 SP9 SP10 SP6 Gold/Silber part 3 Use Devices Screens Cd / Antimon part 4 SP4 Printed drives (HD/CD) SP5 SP7 SP8 Toner module Cable Gallium & Co Rh & Co Microchips Components batteries Wiring board 32nd DF LCA / Empa Akademie, Dübendorf / page 7
Technology and Society Lab Our contribution … to ingredient ONE: a Global Commodity Chain … Environmental Analysis of Electric-Electronic Industry Market Analysis section 1 Policy Framework (IISD) section 2 Supply and Demand (IISD & Empa) section 6 Analysis section 3 Supply Chain Structure section 7 Policy Synopsis Recommendations (IISD & Empa) section 4 Environmental Impacts Impact section 5 Analysis Social Impact (Empa) 32nd DF LCA / Empa Akademie, Dübendorf / page 8
Technology and Society Lab Our contribution … to ingredient ONE: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study of … a desktop PC system in China Total life cycle of a desktop PC system (incl. 50% CRT, 50% LCD screen), used during 6 years. 32nd DF LCA / Empa Akademie, Dübendorf / page 9
Technology and Society Lab Results – the life cycle of a desktop PC Eco-Indicator'99 points Manufacturing Distribution Use End of Life Human Health Ecosystem Quality Resources 32nd DF LCA / Empa Akademie, Dübendorf / page 10
Technology and Society Lab Results / II 32nd DF LCA / Empa Akademie, Dübendorf / page 11
Technology and Society Lab Results / III 32nd DF LCA / Empa Akademie, Dübendorf / page 12
Technology and Society Lab Results / IV Production of a Desktop Personal Computer in China production packaging 3% 1% 12 cables 5% 10 housing Eco-Indicator'99 points 8% PSU 8 11% CD-ROM motherboard 8% 6 HDD 54% 6% floppy disk 4 4% 2 0 motherboard floppy disk HDD CD-ROM PSU housing cables packaging production Human Health Ecosystem Quality Resources 32nd DF LCA / Empa Akademie, Dübendorf / page 13
Technology and Society Lab Results / V 32nd DF LCA / Empa Akademie, Dübendorf / page 14
Technology and Society Lab Results / VI production Production of the LCD-Screen (17-inch) in China 19% LCD module 60% 9 packaging 2% housing Eco-Indicator'99 points 3% electronics 6 16% 3 0 module electronics housing packaging production LCD Human Health Ecosystem Quality Resources 32nd DF LCA / Empa Akademie, Dübendorf / page 15
Technology and Society Lab Results / VII 32nd DF LCA / Empa Akademie, Dübendorf / page 16
Technology and Society Lab Conclusions � Manufacturing & use generate very high environmental impacts , while the End-of-Life phase can result in a significant environmental benefit . � Within the manufacturing phase of a desktop PC system the most significant environmental impacts are generated in the production of integrated circuits (IC). Apart ICs, all further components containing precious metals contribute also in a rather important way. � Only minor impacts result from the (final) assembling of all components, semi-finished and final products to the actual desktop PC. � Due to electricity consumption in the use phase , significant environ- mental impacts are generated during the lifespan of six years, even stressed here due to the fossil-dominated electricity mix in China. � In the end-of-life phase the production of secondary raw materials result in environmental benefits. 32nd DF LCA / Empa Akademie, Dübendorf / page 17
Technology and Society Lab Our contribution … to ingredient ONE: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study of … a desktop PC system in China B u t w h a t e x a c t l y h a s b e e n d o n e ? Total life cycle of a desktop PC system (incl. 50% CRT, 50% LCD screen), used during 6 years. 32nd DF LCA / Empa Akademie, Dübendorf / page 18
Technology and Society Lab A complex system to model Raw materials, Raw materials, Raw materials, Metals Plastics Chemicals Wafer prod. (all types) board production IC, memory type IC, logic type, Printed wiring Production LCD Panel Production production production production production production production B CRT Tube Transistor Capacitor Resistor u Diode t … w h e r e t o g e t Manual Dismantling Recovered (Mother)board, Hard Disk Drive Optical Drive Power Transform. a Manual Dismantling l mounting Assembly l Assembly Assembly Materials t h e s e Final assembly d Monitor Keyboard Optical Mouse a desktop PC t Assembly Assembly Assembly a ? Use of PC Electricity Electricity Manual Mechanical EoL Dismantling treatment Final disposal 32nd DF LCA / Empa Akademie, Dübendorf / page 19
Technology and Society Lab Tired approach for data collection Legend: CRT production level 1 data (new data) LCD, final assembly level 2 data (adapted data) keyboard level 3 data (third party data) production mouse production LCD module Desktop Computer (import to China) Printed Wiring Raw materials Boards (various) Desktop Computer Use Desktop PC EoL treatment production, China (China) (State-of-Art) Electronic components CRT production etc. etc. (China) LCD, final assembly (China) keyboard production (China) Chinese electricity production mouse production (China) 32nd DF LCA / Empa Akademie, Dübendorf / page 20
Technology and Society Lab Requirements to background DB � broad database content � basic materials (e.g. precious metals !), electronic � components, … � up-to-date , sound and easy to access database � transparent , unit process based database � comprehensive and transparent documentation of each dataset 32nd DF LCA / Empa Akademie, Dübendorf / page 21
Technology and Society Lab Tired approach for data collection Legend: CRT production level 1 data (new data) LCD, final assembly level 2 data (adapted data) keyboard level 3 data (third party data) production mouse production LCD module Desktop Computer (import to China) Printed Wiring Raw materials Boards (various) Desktop Computer Use Desktop PC EoL treatment production, China (China) (State-of-Art) Electronic components CRT production etc. etc. (China) LCD, final assembly (China) keyboard production (China) Chinese electricity production mouse production (China) 32nd DF LCA / Empa Akademie, Dübendorf / page 22
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