Bullying in our Seconday Schools Findings from the Youth2000 Survey - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Bullying in our Seconday Schools Findings from the Youth2000 Survey Series The Adolescent Health Research Group www.youthresearch.auckland.ac.nz

School Safety Youth’12 • Most students report feeling safe at school all or most of the time (87%) • 9% were afraid that someone would hurt or bother them at school (p= 0.0002) www.youthresearch.auckland.ac.nz

Bullying – “Bullying is when another student or group of students say, write or message nasty and unpleasant things to another student. Or the student is hit, kicked, threatened, pushed or shoved around. Bullying also means when a group of students completely ignores somebody and leaves them out of things on purpose. (Solberg & Olweus, 2003) www.youthresearch.auckland.ac.nz

Bullying at School Youth’12 www.youthresearch.auckland.ac.nz

Bullied Weekly or More Often Trends 2001-2012 50 40 30 20 9.2 10 7.1 6.9 5.7 5.2 5 0 2001 2007 2012 Male Female

School-level and Student-level Influences • School environment important in reducing bullying • Most research uses only individual student level data • Multilevel techniques can tease out and differentiate student & school level influences • Limited research among adolescent populations Level 2 School School School Level 1 Student Student Student Student Student Student Student Student Student www.youthresearch.auckland.ac.nz

Multilevel Analysis Measures* Student-level • Bullying measures • Been bullied/Bullied others (weekly or more often) • Characteristics: age, sex, SES/deprivation, geography School-level • Behaviour: students and teachers take action • Characteristics: school-type, size, decile *Denny, S., Peterson, E., Stuart, J., Utter, J., Bullen, P., Fleming, T., Ameratunga, S., Clark, T., & Milfont, T. (in press). Bystander Intervention, Bullying, and Victimization: Multilevel Analysis of New Zealand High Schools. Journal of School Violence . www.youthresearch.auckland.ac.nz

Analysis (Denny et al., in press) • Prevalence of bullying and victimisation overall and with respect to – student characteristics (demographics) – school characteristics • Generalised linear models to look at student- and school-level factors associated with bullying – accounting for the nesting of students within schools (multi-level analysis) www.youthresearch.auckland.ac.nz

Prevalence (Denny et al., in press) • Students being bullied (victim) – 6% report being bullied weekly or more often • More common if male, younger, low SES, minor urban and rural areas • Students who bully others (perpetrator) – 5% report bullying others weekly • More common if male, 14-15 yrs., low SES

School Characteristics (Denny et al., in press) • Higher bullying and bullying others in boys-only schools • Higher bullying others in smaller schools • Higher reported teachers taking action – Larger schools – Private and integrated schools • Higher reported students taking action – Private and integrated schools – Girls schools www.youthresearch.auckland.ac.nz

Multilevel Parameter Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Intercept -2.68 (0.14) 3.10 (1.72) effects: Level 1 (student) Age 15 years and under 0.65 (0.11)** 0.65 (0.11)** Gender Female -0.26 (0.10)* -0.10 (0.10) Being bullied Ethnicity NZ European 0 0 Asian -0.14 (0.16) -0.16 (0.16) Maori -0.52 (0.14)** -0.52 (0.14)** Pacific -0.83 (0.22)** -0.80 (0.23)** Other 0.38 (0.17)* 0.40 (0.17)* Socio- i 0 0 economic ii 0.14 (0.14) 0.16 (0.14) status iii 0.30 (0.14)* 0.32 (0.14)* iv (high deprivation) 0.61 (0.14)** 0.63 (0.14)** Geographical Main Urban 0 0 Minor Urban 0.25 (0.15) 0.15 (0.16) Rural 0.16 (0.14) 0.12 (0.14) Level 2 (school) Teachers take action -0.46 (0.42) -0.32 (0.43) Students take action -2.55 (0.60)** -2.12 (0.77)** School size 0 to 399 students 0.25 (0.20) 0.33 (0.21) 400 to 799 students 0.13 (0.20) 0.16 (0.19) 800 to 1199 students 0.13 (0.21) 0.20 (0.17) over 1200 students 0 0 School type Boys-only 0.43 (0.16)* -0.001 (0.19) Girls-only -0.80 (0.28)** -0.65 (0.33) Co-education 0 0 School State -0.30 (0.35) -0.90 (0.33) funding Integrated -0.23 (0.26) -0.64 (0.33) Private 0 0 School decile 1 to 3 -0.10 (0.24) 0.06 (0.21) 4 to 7 -0.07 (0.16) -0.01 (0.15) 8 to 10 0 0 www.youthresearch.auckland.ac.nz

FIXED EFFECT Being Bullied Weekly Level 1 (student) – Model 1 ESTIMATES or More Often 15 years & Age under 0.65 (0.11)** (N = 8462) Sex Female -0.10 (0.10)* Ethnicity NZ European 0 FIXED EFFECT Asian -0.14 (0.16) Level 2 (school) – Model 3 ESTIMATES Maori -0.52 (0.14)** Action Tchrs take action -0.32 (0.43) Pacific -0.83 (0.22)** Stdts take action -2.12 (0.77)** Other 0.38 (0.17) School Size 0 to 399 0.33 (0.21) Socio- i 0 400 to 799 0.16 (0.19) economic ii 0.16 (0.14) 800 to 1199 0.20 (0.17) Status iii 0.30 (0.14)* over 1200 0 iv (high dep) 0.61 (0.14)** School Type Boys-only -0.001 (0.19) Geographical Main Urban 0 Girls-only -0.65 (0.33) Minor Urban 0.25 (0.16) Co-education 0 Rural 0.16 (0.14) School Funding State -0.90 (0.33) Integrated -0.64 (0.33) Private 0 School decile 1 to 3 0.06 (0.21) 4 to 7 -0.01 (0.15) 8 to 10 0 www.youthresearch.auckland.ac.nz

Parameter Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Multilevel Intercept -3.09 (0.14) 0.59 (1.56) Level 1 (student) effects: Age 15 years and under 0.25 (0.11)* 0.28 (0.11)* Gender Female -0.90 (0.11)** -0.73 (0.13)** Bullying Ethnicity NZ European Asian -0.20 (0.20) -0.21 (0.20) Maori 0.63 (0.13)** 0.64 (0.13)** others Pacific 0.36 (0.18) 0.42 (0.19)* Other 0.28 (0.22) 0.29 (0.22) Socio- i 0 0 economic ii 0.07 (0.16) 0.09 (0.16) status iii 0.18 (0.16) 0.17 (0.16) iv (high deprivation) 0.46 (0.15)** 0.42 (0.16)* Geographical Main Urban 0 0 Minor Urban 0.57 (0.14)** 0.51 (0.15)** Rural 0.39 (0.14)** 0.33 (0.16)* Level 2 (school) Teachers take action -0.08 (0.36) -0.14 (0.40) Students take action -1.5 (0.56)** -1.18 (0.70) School size 0 to 399 students 0.27 (0.17) 0.30 (0.20) 400 to 799 students -0.06 (0.16) -0.07 (0.17) 800 to 1199 students -0.20 (0.17) -0.18 (0.16) over 1200 students 0 0 School type Boys 0.20 (0.14) -0.06 (0.17) Girls -0.83 (0.32)* -0.54 (0.33) Co-education 0 School funding State -0.36 (0.24) -1.01 (0.30)** Integrated -0.33 (0.27) -0.95 (0.29)** Private 0 0 School decile 1 to 3 -0.18 (0.20) 0.007 (0.20) 4 to 7 0.03 (0.15) 0.09 (0.14) www.youthresearch.auckland.ac.nz 8 to 10 0 0

Level 1 (student) - Model 1 Bullying Others Age 15 ys & under 0.25 (0.11) Sex Female -0.90 (0.13)** Weekly or More Often Ethnicity NZ European (N = 8435) Asian -0.20 (0.20) Maori 0.63 (0.13)** Pacific 0.36 (0.18) Level 2 (school) – Model 3 Other 0.28 (0.22) Action Tchrs take action -0.14 (0.40) Socio- i 0 Stdts take action -1.18 (0.70) economic ii 0.07 (0.16) School 0 to 399 0.30 (0.20) Status iii 0.18 (0.16) Size 400 to 799 -0.07 (0.17) iv (high dep) 0.42 (0.15)* 800 to 1199 -0.18 (0.16) Geographical Main Urban 0 over 1200 0 Minor Urban 0.57 (0.15)** School Boys -0.06 (0.17) Rural 0.39 (0.16)* Type Girls -0.54 (0.33) Co-education School State -1.01 (0.30)** Funding Integrated -0.95 (0.29)** Private 0 School 1 to 3 0.007 (0.20) Decile 4 to 7 0.09 (0.14) 8 to 10 0 www.youthresearch.auckland.ac.nz

Summary • Most students feel safe at school • Notable amount of bullying • Certain student level factors are associated with bullying • Very few school level factor associated with bullying • Students taking action associated with less bullying • Interventions to increase student action may help www.youthresearch.auckland.ac.nz