Benefits and costs of livestock systems in ten European case studies - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Benefits and costs of livestock systems in ten European case studies Animal Future project Delphine Neumeister – French Livestock Institute Christophe Perrot (Idele), Anne-Charlotte Dockes (Idele), Monika Zehetmeier (LFL), Evelien de Olde & Imke de Boer (WUR), Tamara Rodriguez Ortega (CITA), Tatiana Valada (IST-ID), Muriel Tichit (INRA) EAAP annual meeting – Dubrovnik August 27th 2018

27/08/18 Animal Future – EAAP 2018 2 Animal Future: Steering animal production systems towards sustainable future Objectives: • Assess the multi-dimensional consequences of innovations on benefits and costs • Facilitate change decision by developing an indicator-based decision support tool • Improve innovation capacity of livestock systems Partners involved: • A multi-actor approach • A farm network of intensive and extensive production systems

27/08/18 Animal Future – EAAP 2018 3 Ten heterogeneous case studies across Europe 25 Number of individual interviews Gelderland, The Netherlands Highlands and Islands, Scotland Number of workshops 1 Laying hen in indoor systems Extensive sheep and beef systems 1 Boulonnais, France Bayern, Germany Dominant milk production based on 24 Oberbayern : small-sized dairy farms permanent grasslands Niederbayern : fattening pigs in indoor systems Bourbonnais, France Extensive suckling cows systems 1 Aragon, Spain 1 1 Extensive sheep farming Alentejo, Portugal 6 workshops and Extensive beef systems 1 1 1 set of individual interviews

27/08/18 Animal Future – EAAP 2018 4 Methodology: workshops to catch stakeholders point of view about costs and benefits of the local livestock systems Workshops aims: Stakeholders involved Local and regional actors: farmers, farmer - Share the diagnosis of the strengths, weaknesses, organizations, advisers, processors, opportunities and threats of the territory (SWOT analysis) governments, NGOs etc. - Identification of the main issues at stake for the livestock systems in the region Methodology - List of the costs and benefits of livestock systems Participatory approaches and small groups - List of the innovative practices to enhance the benefits and limit the costs Andrew Barnes

27/08/18 Animal Future – EAAP 2018 5 SWOT Analysis of the case studies according to stakeholders perception MAIN STRENGTHS MAIN WEAKNESSES - Livestock as a provider of jobs and rural sustainability - Low profitability and low income - High level of environmental services - High dependence on public subsidies - Food production - Lack of generational turn-over - A well structured branch which provides high level of services - Low level of farmers qualification and lack of innovation to farmers - Lack of adaptability on climate change - Crop and livestock complementarity - Trend to intensification - Provider of good animal welfare MAIN OPPORTUNITIES MAIN THREATS - Product differentiation by quality and better consumer image - Lack of communication with consumers and little social recognition - Technical progress - Regulatory restrictions - Potential of organic market and diversification - Uncertainty about CAP reforms and more generally the context - Trend in substitution of animal products / reduction of consumption Over 4 (incl.) case studies reported these issues as relevant for them

27/08/18 Animal Future – EAAP 2018 6 Concept: Portfolio of benefits and costs Petals = Benefits Definitions • Benefits : all livestock activities with positive contribution for the society to the three dimensions of sustainability (economic, environmental and social issues) • Costs : activities with negative contributions on these issues Environment • Portfolio : represents a balance approach where the 3 pillars of sustainability are considered of Social equal importance Spines = Costs Human and animal health

27/08/18 Animal Future – EAAP 2018 7 Case studies Benefits and Costs according to stakeholders • An inspiring subject for CS stakeholders More than 122 occurrences: 17,5 benefits or • costs/ workshop • Items from the 3 pillars of sustainability Especially environmental topics • • More benefits [26] than costs [17] Livestock stakeholders express more easily • benefits than costs when speaking about their production Tendancy of overestimating the benefits • and underestimating the costs

27/08/18 Animal Future – EAAP 2018 8 The Bertin Method as a way to analyse the data Main benefits and costs identified by CS stakeholders • Principle: N R E red = dysservice ; black = service Y A B R E D S E Swap rows and columns in order to show proximities A I S D I N I N A S N N N D D A O N O N N J N L B O O E A A R T L E total R L G N H R D U U A E O O E G B L R L I E erv B B A A H O G between : food production for population / quality and quantity 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 • Territories actor to maintain life in rural areas 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 wealth and jobs creation (including export) 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 difficult working conditions / demotivation 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 intensification and simultaneous abandonment of land 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 • Benefits or costs from different chapters air pollution (GHG and particules) 1 1 1 1 1 5 waste valorisation/use of byproducts 1 1 1 1 1 5 grassland (with leguminous plants) 1 1 1 1 1 5 good image for tourism 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 5 biodiversity (vegetal and animal) landscape shaper 1 1 1 1 1 5 valorization of lands not suited for other activities (including hedges) 1 1 1 1 4 soil quality - cooperation crops/livestock 1 1 1 1 4 territorial maintenance 1 1 1 1 4 • Limits: less consumption of external input (feed, fuel, treatment…) 1 1 1 1 4 soil exhaustion and pollution 1 1 1 1 4 low farming incomes 1 1 1 1 4 reduction of erosion 1 1 1 1 4 • Method and perception of CSF bias carbon sequestration 1 1 1 3 professionnal skills and counceling 1 1 1 1 4 food security / traceability 1 1 1 1 4 • Stakeholders points of view may sometimes be biased welfare 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 3 diversity of breeds gastronomy, folklore, building heritage 1 1 1 3 added value production 1 1 1 3 • Many items for very few occurrences make it difficult to education / transmission of know-how 1 1 1 3 agritourism 1 1 1 3 lack of maintenance of the territory 1 1 1 3 conclude visual pollution (housing) / territorial degradation 1 1 1 3 water quality 1 1 2 production of energy (renewable or carburant) 1 1 2 • Difficulty to isolate impacts from different livestock direct sales 1 1 2 exogenous inputs consumption (incl. Energy) 1 1 1 3 conflict with crop farming / competition 1 1 1 3 productions and systems in a territory neighboring issues 1 1 1 3 increased costs 1 1 1 3 wild biodiversity conflicts 1 1 2 gender and age gaps 1 1 2 Public health risks 1 1 2 production loss 1 1 2 consumer saturation 1 1 2 forest fire prevention 1 1 2 water eutrophication 1 1 fair branch organization 1 1 22 25 22 20 12 15 11

27/08/18 Animal Future – EAAP 2018 9 A context based characterisation of Benefits and Costs The analysis shows a system effect: • In general more benefits for extensive systems (especially environmental and cultural) but specifically: • Synergies between grazing systems and ecosystemic benefits • Trade-off between high production systems and cultural benefits • A more important focus on traceability/food security for intensive systems • Costs: system effect less obvious ENVIRONMENTAL ITEMS PRODUCTION ITEMS Gathers the majority of costs and benefits Mainly benefits, main costs about inputs Synergies for extensive systems consumption REGIONAL ITEMS CULTURAL ITEMS Costs mainly internal to the farming job itself Cultural items are mainly seen as services More or less balanced for all case studies expect Synergies for extensive systems Gelderland (no cost)

27/08/18 Animal Future – EAAP 2018 10 A context based characterisation of Benefits and Costs General to all case studies Context based • • BENEFITS Livestock offers multidimensional Livestock provides environmental services • Use of byproducts [5] services • Biodiversity [5] • food fourniture for population [7] • Soil quality [4] • Actor to maintain life in rural • Forest prevention [2] area [6] • Livestock as a territorial actor • Livestock as an important • Landscape shaper [5] economical actor • Valorization of land not suited for other activities [4] • Wealth and job creation [6] • Livestock as touristic actor • Good image for tourism [6] • Agritourism [3] • Gastronomy, folklore, building heritage [3] • • COSTS Livestock has a negative impact on Livestock has a negative impact on environment • land use: intensification or Air pollution [5] • abandonment [6] Soil exhaustion and pollution [4] • • Livestock offers poor working Visual pollution [3] • conditions [6] Livestock as a risk for public health [2]

27/08/18 11 Animal Future – EAAP 2018 Date To sum up… • Lots of interesting material for each case study: • Diversity of benefits and costs • List of innovations related to this subject • Identification of stakeholders involved • No revolution about trade-off and synergies for the moment • But a confirmation of previous research work Credits: Top farmer, Andrew Barnes, E. Meinen, Tamara Rodríguez Ortega