Comments about Extrapolation to LBN(E) Barry Norris September 25, 2014 Barry Norris, Cryogenic Meeting at CERN September 2014
Outline Overview of LBNE Design Showing the Layout of the Base Concept Outlining the Process System Strategy Concept of LN2 Flexibility to Support Future Detectors Identifying Items to Scale to LBN of Future Barry Norris, Cryogenic Meeting at CERN September 2014
Comment The following represents the ideas and work of the LBNE Project. These slides don’t attempt to take into account any changes the future may hold for the direction we are headed as a community based in P5 recommendations. The LBNE Project has instructed cryogenic leadership (Norris, Montanari) to make the international partnership a priority and so we embrace a Collaborative effort and see this meeting as a launching pad for such a partnership. With that said, many of the ideas within the work of 35 ton and proposed LAr1-ND should lead to a future and successful LBNF facility once we succeed as a community in developing cryostat/cryogenic approaches that are valid for large detectors. Barry Norris, Cryogenic Meeting at CERN September 2014
Overview of Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) Cryostat Needs Aspects related to cryogenics: • The detector design is based on the use of membrane tank technology previously developed and used in commercial business for both storage and transport of liquefied natural gas (LNG). • The FD is planned to be initially composed of two membrane cryostats each having the approximate physical dimensions of 28.5 meters long, 15.6 meters wide and 16 meters high (7134 m 3 volume). • Each cryostat will contain 9.4 kton (metric) LAr mass. • The FD cryostat will house Time Projection Chambers (TPCs) used for particle detection and be filled with liquid argon filtered to less than 200 parts per trillion (ppt oxygen equivalent) contamination levels in order that electrons drift through the fluid with a lifetime greater than 1.4 ms. • In order to insure that membrane cryostat technology can be used within these requirements, Fermilab and the LBNE project have constructed and commissioned a prototype cryostat (~29 m 3 ) referred to as the ‘35 Ton ’, testing the thermal performance and the ability to achieve high purity levels. Barry Norris, Cryogenic Meeting at CERN September 2014
SURF Current & Future Science Program Barry Norris, Cryogenic Meeting at CERN September 2014
Plan View – Far Site Basic idea: Two 5-kt detector modules in one cavern and two 12-kt detector modules in a second cavern Barry Norris, Cryogenic Meeting at CERN September 2014
Design Parameter Value for 35 ton Value of FD (One 5 kton Cryostat) 29.16 m 3 7134 m 3 Cryostat volume Liquid argon total mass 38,600 kg 9,443,497 kg Inner dimensions of the cryostat 4.0 m (L) x 2.7 m (W) x 2.7 m 28.5 m (L) x 15.6 m (W) x 16 m (H) (H) Depth of liquid argon 2.565 m (5% ullage) 5% of total Insulation 0.4 m Polyurethane foam 0.8 m Polyurethane foam Primary membrane 2.0 mm thick SS 304 corrugated Based on vendor design stainless steel Secondary barrier system 0.1 mm thick fiberglass 0.1 mm thick fiberglass Vapor barrier 1.2 mm thick carbon steel Based on vendor design Reinforced outer concrete layer 0.3 m thick 0.5 m thick Liquid argon temperature 89 K +/- 1 K 89 K +/- 1 K Operating gas pressure 70 mbar 130 mbar Vacuum No vacuum No vacuum Design pressure 207 mbar 350 mbar Leak tightness 1E-06 mbar*l/sec 1E-06 mbar*l/sec < 13 W/m 2 < 7.5 W/m 2 Heat leak Duration 10 years 20 years Thermal cycles 50 complete cycles (cool down 10 complete cycles (cool down and total warm up) and total warm up) Design codes Fermilab ES&H Membrane cryostat standard relative to vendor’s country of Applicable parts of JGA RP- 107-02 origin Barry Norris, Cryogenic Meeting at CERN ACI 318 September 2014
Note: We view this cryogenic PFD for LBNE Far Detector process essentially just a large version of same concept for 35 ton and Lar1ND approach 1. LAr, GAr Supply 2. GAr filtration Question for Us: What can be 3. Cryostat with Liquid Pumps scaled up and what has to be 4. Mole Sieve & Copper Filtration completely different? 5. Re-condensor with LN2 Refrigeration 2 5 1 4 3 Barry Norris, Cryogenic Meeting at CERN September 2014
3-D Drawing of Underground Cavern Area for LN2 and LAr Refrigeration Systems Located here are LN2 coldboxes and LN2 storage Barry Norris, Cryogenic Meeting at CERN September 2014
3-D Drawing Cryostat North (N) Cryostat South (S) LAr filtration system in septum region Roof with trusses Roof with trusses APAs & CPAs Barry Norris, Cryogenic Meeting at CERN September 2014
LAr pump (GTT tank) This is strategy in our present design but is it the right one? Should we use external pumping? Does this issue scale with size? Removable pump at the bottom of the vessel Barry Norris, Cryogenic Meeting at CERN September 2014
Opening Assumption for 4850 Cryogenic System’s Design Our cryogenic systems design strategy must take into consideration that the long range goal for the LBNE endeavor is to provide refrigeration capabilities for 34 kton fiducial mass detector arrangement (assuming ~ 50 kton total mass) whereas the initial minimum cryogenic system investment must support a 5 kton fiducial detector and probably two detectors for a 10 kton system (~ 19 kton mass). Barry Norris, Cryogenic Meeting at CERN September 2014
With the Opening Assumption in Mind… • We propose to design a centralized cryogenic facility where the GN2 compressors are on the surface and cold boxes are in cavern(s) supporting both 10 and 24 kton detectors (fiducial mass). Note: Refrigeration cycle has been approximated based on heat loads for the LBNE Membrane cryostat design. • Propose to provide ‘Plug & Play ’ concept where future required cooling capacity is accomplished by adding warm compressor(s) and cold box(es) as needed to an already existing piping infrastructure. – All necessary CF infrastructure in place for full scale implementation – All piping installed from surface to cavern for full scale implementation – All power and cooling requirements installed for full scale implementation • Propose to have LN2 system work like a utility for future Users (detectors) such that a distributed piping system will be installed to deliver to future detectors the cooling needed. – Primary equipment located in 10 kton cavern (cold boxes, dewars) – Transfer line and piping will connect to 24 kton cavern from central area – May need small LN2 or LAr dewar(s) in 24 kton cavern depending on experiment • Each future detector will potentially have its own strategies for argon condensing and filtration/purification, offering flexibility in future detector designs. However, the base infrastructure for LN2 and connecting piping will be in place for 34 kton support and it is my personal opinion that the field of cryogenic engineering for liquid argon detectors will greatly benefit from the joint development of systems used in this work. Barry Norris, Cryogenic Meeting at CERN September 2014
• Each refrigerator is 85 Basic Idea: Shown is Minimum Infrastructure for kW total cooling power 9.8 metric ton total mass @ 4850’ level (depth of 1.6 km) • Entire infrastructure (piping, electrical power, water cooling, civil ) put in place to support future use of four 85 kW cooling power LN2 plants, which is the capacity required for 34 kton. • Idea is to make future expansion a type of ‘Plug & Play’ for compressors and cold boxes to create large distributed system and minimize the cost for Initial installation: design labor and Two Cold boxes & two ‘CRYO - 1’ represents first installation. compressors for 9.8 9.8-kton detector Barry Norris, Cryogenic Meeting at CERN kton September 2014
Example of Cooling Power Requirements for Two 9.8 kton Cryostats Scenarios Unit Heat Demand Loads 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (kW) Recondenser Load, 1st Cryostat Cryostat (W) Heat Ingress 17.3 17.3 17.3 17.3 17.3 17.3 17.3 17.3 Recirculation Pump in cryostat W 1 pump 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 Recirculation Pump in cryostat W 2 pumps 10.4 10.4 10.4 Piping and Purification vessel Heat ingress (W) 2 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Detector Electronics in cryostat W 3 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Cryostat Fill - GAr transfer / recondense 138.3 Condensers (W) in Operation 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Condenser (W) Load 168.0 29.7 27.5 27.5 27.5 27.5 17.3 Recondenser Load, 2nd Cryostat Cryostat (E) Heat Ingress 17.3 17.3 17.3 17.3 17.3 Recirculation Pump in cryostat W 1 pump 5.2 5.2 Recirculation Pump in cryostat W 2 pumps 10.4 10.4 10.4 Piping and Purification vessel Heat ingress (E) 2 2.0 2.0 2.0 Detector Electronics in cryostat E 3 3.0 Cryostat Fill - GAr transfer / recondense 110.9 Condensers (E) in Operation 2 1 1 1 Condenser (E) Load 140.5 29.7 27.5 17.3 Cavern LN dewar heat ingress 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Refrigeration Needed 170.0 31.7 29.5 170.0 59.1 57.0 Refrigeration Plants in Operation 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 Required Duty per plant 85 60 60 85 60 60 electric trim heater load 0.0 88.3 90.5 0.0 60.9 63.0 Total Refrigeration Load 170 120 120 170.0 120 120 0 Barry Norris, Cryogenic Meeting at CERN September 2014
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