Barbados has an excellent wind resource! Measuring and mapping wind - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Making the best use of an outstanding wind energy resource: Barbados has an excellent wind resource! Measuring and mapping wind energy in Barbados Tom Rogers Faculty of Science & Technology The University of the West Indies Cave Hill Campus 11 th November 2016

A windy island

A windy island

Why modern wind energy?

Why wind energy? • It’s the cheapest way to generate electricity, by far. 0.29 0.30 Generation cost (US$/kWh) 0.25 0.25 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.12 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.11 0.09 0.05 0.07 0.04 0.00 Utility-wind Solar PV (Distributed) Fossil fuel adjustment Fuel clause (Utility) (onshore) Solar PV plant Figure 1. Estimated generation costs for Barbados.

Why wind energy? • Likely to remain the cheapest method of generation for some time 0.18 Distributed PV 0.16 Utility PV 0.14 Utility wind LCOE (US$/kWh) 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Year Figure 2. Expected future generation costs for wind and solar

Why wind energy? 1.00 0.90 Demand curve 0.80 0.70 0.60 Power 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.00 0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 Time Figure 3. Daily power variation of demand, solar and wind

Why wind energy? Power Power 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.50 0.50 0.60 0.60 0.70 0.70 0.80 0.80 0.90 0.90 1.00 1.00 0:00 0:00 1:00 1:00 2:00 2:00 3:00 3:00 4:00 4:00 5:00 5:00 6:00 6:00 7:00 7:00 8:00 8:00 9:00 9:00 10:00 10:00 11:00 11:00 Time Time 12:00 12:00 13:00 13:00 14:00 14:00 15:00 15:00 16:00 16:00 17:00 17:00 18:00 18:00 19:00 19:00 Solar Demand curve Demand curve 20:00 20:00 21:00 21:00 22:00 22:00 23:00 23:00

Why wind energy? Power Power 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.50 0.50 0.60 0.60 0.70 0.70 0.80 0.80 0.90 0.90 1.00 1.00 0:00 0:00 1:00 1:00 2:00 2:00 3:00 3:00 4:00 4:00 5:00 5:00 6:00 6:00 7:00 7:00 8:00 8:00 9:00 9:00 10:00 10:00 11:00 11:00 Time Time 12:00 12:00 13:00 13:00 14:00 14:00 15:00 15:00 16:00 16:00 17:00 17:00 18:00 18:00 19:00 19:00 Wind Solar Solar Demand curve Demand curve 20:00 20:00 21:00 21:00 22:00 22:00 23:00 23:00

Why wind energy? Power Power 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.50 0.50 0.60 0.60 0.70 0.70 0.80 0.80 0.90 0.90 1.00 1.00 0:00 0:00 1:00 1:00 2:00 2:00 3:00 3:00 4:00 4:00 5:00 5:00 6:00 6:00 7:00 7:00 8:00 8:00 9:00 9:00 10:00 10:00 11:00 11:00 Time Time 12:00 12:00 13:00 13:00 14:00 14:00 15:00 15:00 16:00 16:00 17:00 17:00 18:00 18:00 19:00 19:00 Wind Wind & Solar Solar Demand curve Demand curve 20:00 20:00 21:00 21:00 22:00 22:00 23:00 23:00

Wind potential for Barbados

A 100% renewable scenario for Barbados Source: Homeyer, O. (2014). 100% renewable Barbados. See www.brea.bb

A desktop study of wind potential for Barbados The study used some wind farm analysis software, called: WindPRO 3.0 Inputs Outputs • Weather data • Energy yield prediction • Terrain data • Financial modeling • Surface roughness data • Electrical integration modeling • Wind turbine selection • Noise maps • Shadow flicker maps and location • Photomontages Link: http://www.emd.dk/windpro/

Wind turbine selection Enercon E-82 Hub height - 78m Blade length - 41m Total height - 119m Rated capacity - 2MW (at 12m/s wind speed) A 2MW wind turbine can power ~2,400 homes in Barbados

1 2 Consideration of location T&C Planning input 1.5 times height from roads/buildings 4 3 Noise levels – 55dB(A) daytime 45dB(A) nighttime [Settled on 350m] 5 The process Satellite imagery used to determine key locations for wind turbines, followed up with site visits… 6 7

Average annual wind speed (80m agl) Annual yield (GWh) 1 2 No. 2MW turbines Area (km 2 ) 4 3 Zone 1 9.4 34 218.1 2 9.2 33 218.0 3 9.4 30 193.1 5 4 7.0 34 245.5 5 7.9 27 166.7 6 16.2 301.1 58 6 7 5.2 20 94.7 7 64.2 1,437.3 236 Space for 472MW of wind Current Barbados electricity demand is ~950 GWh/year!

Turning potential into reality

Next steps for turning technical potential into reality 1. More detailed wind resource assessment 2. Wind power electrical integration study 3. Incorporation of wind into the next PDP 4. Radar system at GAIA 5. Public involvement in the ownership and benefits of wind

1MW wind turbines Mt Poyer. Looking west across St Lucy

1MW wind turbines Mount Poyer. Looking southeast towards Mt Gilboa

3MW wind turbines Mount Poyer. Looking southeast towards Mt Gilboa

Wind turbines located in Zone 1 - St Lucy

Wind speeds across the Caribbean Bahamas Antigua & Barbuda Virgin Islands St Kitts & Nevis Montserrat Guadeloupe Jamaica Dominica Martinique St Lucia St Vincent & The Grenadines Grenada Barbados Trinidad & Tobago Source: https://www.awstruepower.com

What if? 1 - Denmark 1 - Denmark 852 852 2 - Barbados 2 - Sweden 557 700 3 - Sweden 3 - Spain 495 557 With 200MW of wind 4 - Ireland 4 - Spain 493 495 (With 400MW, for 5 - Germany 5 - Ireland 484 493 electricity and transport, 6 - Germany 6 - Portugal 469 484 Barbados would be first!) 7 - Portugal 7 - Canada 277 469 8 - Canada 8 - Austria 248 277 9 - Estonia 9 - Austria 235 248 10 - Estonia 10 - USA 207 235 0 0 200 200 400 400 600 600 800 800 1000 1000 Installed wind capacity per capita (Watts/person) Installed wind capacity per capita (Watts/person)