Australian Update on Electric Vehicles Standards Development Mark McKenzie Managing Director Rare Consulting
The challenge for emerging new technology markets like EV’s
Standards Bodies Standards are increasingly being utilised as a vehicle around the world for guiding the development of emergent ‘green are in a unique markets such as electric vehicles, renewable energy position to assist and smart grids. with the The developing nature of these industries bring management of significant risks for government, industry, and the wider early community. commercialisation risks Standards can be used to provide a guiding framework that can be used to manage key consumer risks and minimise early commercialisation risks for business and industry.
Assisting these 1. Identify all stakeholders Initiate discussion industries, 2. Issue & stakeholder analysis however, Strategic leadership requires 3. Scoping study (strategic framework) adoption of an Facilitate outcomes additional 4. Validate strategic framework scoping step 5. Develop work plan Need for new Standard No Identified Assemble Yes Publish working Standard group Is the traditional approach suitable? Prepare Refine Committee Public Working draft & Review comment Draft balloting
(May ‘09 to Nov ’09) The EV Standards Scoping Study (Stage 1): development Assess need for standards and journey in define scope of work Australia (May ‘10 to Nov ’10) Detailed work plan (Stage 2): Determine priorities, work tasks, timetable, and costs. (Sep ‘11 onwards) Development of Standards (Stage 3): Development, consultation and publishing of individual standards according to agreed priorities. Market introduction from mid 2011
The first step involved identification of the key stakeholders in the emerging market
The 2009 Vehicle Vehicle Power Power Recharging Recharging Rescue, Rescue, Scoping Study Design Design systems systems (trickle, medium (trickle, medium repair and repair and provided the charge and fast charge and fast (OEM and (OEM and (battery & (battery & recovery recovery charge) charge) aftermarket) aftermarket) management management strategic systems) systems) framework Occupant Battery Standards safety Home based Maintenance safety (crash) and repair Development for the EV Market in Occupant Battery safety On-street Australia durability (electrical) Rescue and recovery Recharging Battery interface Commercial recycling (flexibility) Vehicle Aftermarket System Upstream labelling installations efficiency interface Miscellaneous User information GHG performance
A priority setting Support the sustainable market adoption of EVs in process was Australia in order to: Objective then used to a) Facilitate early realisation of key public-good benefits identify the key b) Minimise commercial and investment risk for industry priorities for Standards Development This objective will be achieved via minimisation of: Scope a) Market development risk b) Public acceptance risk Minimisation of risk will be achieved by stipulating minimum requirements (i.e. Standards) in relation to: Focus a). Product safety b), Public Safety c). Consumer protection
The priority setting formula Likelihood of Consequence Priority = X risk of risk Assessment of Use of ‘Risk score’ timing relative to derived by assessment of agreed scenario with respect to the potential rate of market take- contribution to up of EVs in elemental risks Australia
Scenario technique Key market descriptor S c e n a r i o A S c e n a r i o B Background ‐ level market development (2020) Accelerated market development (2020) 1 Annual sales of EVs in Australia EVs comprise up to 1% of annual new vehicle sales. EVs comprise approximately 5% of annual new vehicle by 2020 sales. 2 Market penetration of Aftermarket conversions comprise an average of Aftermarket conversions comprise an average of less aftermarket EVs 35% of all EVs sold into the Australian market by than 10% of all EVs sold into the market by 2020. 2020. 3 Typical profile of EV customers EV purchasers would largely be corporations and Initial purchasers of EVs would exhibit similar government agencies, with a small number sold to characteristics to those of Scenario A, but ownership would rapidly extend to a broad cross ‐ section of the high ‐ wealth households and EV enthusiasts. community by 2020 with 50% sales to fleets and 50% to private individuals. 4 Geographic distribution of EVs EV distribution is almost totally confined to the EV distribution is predominantly in metropolitan areas, inner urban areas of Australia’s major cities. with moderate vehicle ownership in outer metro and regional areas. 5 Capital cost premium EVs come at considerably high capital cost with The purchase price of an EV remains at a cost premium considerable and ongoing uncertainty surrounding to conventional vehicles in 2020, but the magnitude of ongoing savings and residual sale value. the premium has narrowed and early EV operation confirms significant savings in annual operating costs. 6 Public policy settings Government initiatives are pursued on a Government initiatives are introduced to encourage ‘technology neutral’ basis and no significant increased market take ‐ up of EVs, together with incentives are provided for early market adoption introduction of greenhouse reduction legislation. of EVs. 7 EV charging infrastructure National vehicle recharging infrastructure Vehicle recharging infrastructure comprises: comprises: Level 1 (50%), Level 2 (40%), Level 3 (10%). Level 1 (90%), Level 2 (10%), Level 3 (0%). 8 Competitive position Developments in battery technologies result in the Capital costs and battery technologies have improved market being flooded with high fuel efficiency HEVs to such a point that EVs (and PHEVs) are a more that are substantially cheaper than EVs. competitive proposition than HEVs as an alternative to conventional vehicles.
A gap analysis Focus area Inter-dependency Suggested technique was (sub-element) approach used to determine most Occupant safety Accommodated by Adopt international appropriate (crash) various international standards approach to AS vehicle standards and development Australian Design Rules for new vehicles Occupant safety International standards Adopt international (electrical) such as ISO 6469 and standards ISO 11451 (parts 1,2,3), ISO 11452 (parts 1-7) Recharging interface IEC 62196 Adopt international (flexibility) standards Aftermarket installations No international Create new AS standards standards
Gap analysis Focus area Inter-dependency Suggested (continued) (sub-element) approach Battery safety ISO 16750 (Parts 1-5), Adopt international ISO 23273 (Parts 1-3) standards Battery durability ISO 61982 (Parts 1-3), Adopt international ISO 12405 (Parts 1-2) standards Battery recycling No international Create new AS standards standards Power system efficiency ISO 8714, ISO/TR Adopt international 11954, ISO 23828 standards
Gap analysis Focus area Inter-dependency Suggested (continued) (sub-element) approach Vehicle recharging No international Create new AS (home-based) standards standards Vehicle recharging (on- IEC 61851 (Parts 1, 21, Adopt international street) 22) IEC 61980 (Parts 1- standards 2) Vehicle recharging DD CLC/TS 50457 Adopt international (commercial) (Parts 1-2) standards Vehicle recharging No international Create new AS (upstream interface) standards standards
Project Focus area Inter-dependency Suggested dependencies (sub-element) approach (continued) Maintenance and repair ISO 8713, ISO 8715 Adopt international standards Rescue & recovery No international Create new AS standards standards Vehicle labelling No international Create new AS standards standards User Information ISO/TR 11955 Adopt international standards Greenhouse Gas ISO 23274 Adopt international performance standards
Final priorities for AS 1 st priority 1. Occupant This first group of issues was Market safety considered to be the highest Protection (electrical) priority and is primarily associated with protecting human safety and 2. Recharging infrastructure ensuring consistency in providing recharging infrastructure to the 3. Aftermarket marketplace. installations This group of issues was 4. Vehicle labelling perceived by stakeholders to be an issue of consumer protection, 5. Rescue and and any resulting ‘bad press’ from recovery injury from EVs or inconsistency 6. Battery safety in access to recharging and handling infrastructure could hinder market 7. EV industry development. vocabulary
Status report as The Victorian Government has funded Standards at 27 October for the commencement of work on the 2011 development of AS for high priority focus areas The kick-off meeting for the AS Technical Committee (EVO-001) was held in Sydney on Thursday, 13 October 2011 During the meeting, the framework for sub- committees was resolved and work commenced on the assembly of a Standard for EV Vocabulary in Australia
Sub-committees Assignment of AS standards Occupant Safety development (Electrical) Recharging Infrastructure Aftermarket installations AS Technical Committee EVO - 001 Vehicle labelling EV Vocabulary Rescue & recovery Battery safety and handling
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