Application of Life Cycle Thinking Application of Life Cycle - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability Application of Life Cycle Thinking Application of Life Cycle Thinking to Assess Local Measures and Activities to Assess Local Measures and Activities to Assess Local Measures and Activities to Assess Local Measures and Activities US-Japan Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment of Sustainable Infrastructure Materials (Sapporo, Japan) October 22nd 2009 Tomohiko Ihara Tomohiro Tabata Yutaka Genchi Masayuki Sagisaka y g ihara-t@aist.go.jp http://aist-riss.jp

Tomohiko Ihara  Contents  Contents 1. What’s LCA? 2. LCA National Project 3. Application of LCA to local measures and activities 4. LCA for municipal solid waste (MSW) management system 5. LCA for town planning 6. Summary – Life cycle thinking to social infrastructure 2009/10/22 US-Japan Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment of Sustainable Infrastructure Materials 2

Tomohiko Ihara 1. What’s LCA?  Why LCA?  Why LCA? Corporation Consumer To reduce To reduce To contribute to To contribute to environmental reduction in impacts from a environmental product product impacts impacts etc. etc. Which stage/process g p Which product is Which product is should be improved? environmentally-friendly? We need to assess the environmental impacts from the whole product life from production to disposal. LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) ( y ) 2009/10/22 US-Japan Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment of Sustainable Infrastructure Materials 3

Tomohiko Ihara  General procedure of LCA Goal Definition ： Goal Definition ： Which products or service are assessed? How to use the result of LCA? Which products or service are assessed? How to use the result of LCA? Materials Inciner Assembly Resources Trans. Trans. Parts Product Use Disposal Landfill ation Scope definition Life cycle y stage Unit process Recycle and reuse Recycle and reuse Recycle CO 2 T-N Inventory analysis Inventory analysis Emission Emission SO 2 SO T-P Measure environment burden Emission to to air metals NO x water Impact assessment (LCIA) Global Water Health Impact to nature and human Impact to nature and human A idifi Acidification i warming pollution impact Interpretation Detection of Check the reliability important issue important issue of data f d t Review and reporting Make report Critical review 2009/10/22 US-Japan Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment of Sustainable Infrastructure Materials 4

Tomohiko Ihara 1. What’s LCA?  Example of LCA results (1 inventory analysis)  Example of LCA results (1. inventory analysis) ist • ist LCA results •Specification Comparison between the ist and a conventional Vehicle A driving stage occupies many of environmental impacts from cars. The ist reduced environmental impacts by improvement of fuel efficiency. 2009/10/22 US-Japan Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment of Sustainable Infrastructure Materials 5

 Life-cycle Impact assessment Method based on Endpoint modeling (LIME) Tomohiko Ihara Category Endpoint Safeguard Single Concentration Impact Category Inventory Subjects Subjects Index Index Thermal/Cold Stress Global Warming CO 2 GHS in Air Malaria Human life HCFCs Ozone Depletion ODS in Stratosphere ODS in Stratosphere Dengue Favor Dengue Favor Human health TCDD Air Pollution Disaster DALY DALY Toxic. In Air Benzene Cataract Human toxicity Social assets Social assets Lead L d (chemicals/metals) Toxic. In Water Skin Cancer Yen (Cost) Cost SO x Toxic. In Soil Cancer Ecotoxicity NO x Single g x Respiratory Disease R i t Di D Dep. of Acidifying f A idif i index Acidification sub. Ecosystem Total N Terrestrial Eco-index Eutrophication Consumption of DO Yen Aquatic Biodiversity Total P Total P Conc. Oxidant Extinct Species Oxidant Creation Plant NMVOC Primary Benthos Land productivity productivity Land use L d Fishery Waste Dry weight Crop Copper ore Waste Materials Materials Oil Resource Consumption Energy Fate Analysis Exposure Analysis Damage Assessment Quality Analysis Weighting 2009/10/22 US-Japan Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment of Sustainable Infrastructure Materials 6

Tomohiko Ihara 1. What’s LCA?  Example of LCA results (2 LCIA)  Example of LCA results (2. LCIA) Refrigerator Global CO 2 warming Acidification SO 2 HCFC-use CFC-use vs. (CFC-free) CFC Inventory Impact Ozone analysis analysis assessment assessment HCFC HCFC depletion depletion etc. t etc. (LCIA) Life cycle CO 2 emissions Life cycle environmental impacts (social cost) 4,400 4 400 50 000 50,000 HCFC-141b HCFC 141b HFC-134a rigerator] impacts gerator] Coal 40,000 Crude oil 4,300 ions SO 2 CO CO 2 CO 2 per refr en per refrig CO 2 emissi ironmental 30,000 30 000 CFC-12 4,200 CFC-11 20,000 CO 2 4,100 4,100 [kg-C [ye Env 10,000 ～ ～ 0 0 CFC-use HCFC-use CFC-use HCFC-use Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) can evaluate environmentally-friendly products more appropriately. 2009/10/22 US-Japan Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment of Sustainable Infrastructure Materials 7

Tomohiko Ihara 2. LCA National Project LCA National Project I (MITI  METI FY1998  LCA National Project I (MITI METI FY1998- -2002) 2002)  LCI Data, LCIA Methodologies LCI D t LCIA M th d l i * LCI * LCI = life cycle inventory lif l i  Achievements: Public database (> 250 items) Impact Assessment Method (LIME 1) Impact Assessment Method (LIME 1)  LCA National Project II (METI FY2003  LCA National Project II (METI FY2003 LCA National Project II (METI FY2003-2005) LCA National Project II (METI FY2003 2005) 2005) 2005)  LCA for Local Governments, LCI Database, LCIA  Achievements: LCA Application (decision support tool) pp ( pp ) Impact Assessment Method (LIME 2)  LCA National Project III (METI FY2006 LCA National Project III (METI FY2006-2008) LCA National Project III (METI FY2006 LCA National Project III (METI FY2006 2008) 2008) 2008)  LCA and DfE by SME  Green Supply Chain * DfE = design for environment DfE = design for environment  Achievements: Streamlined LCA Tool, DfE Tool Improvement 2009/10/22 US-Japan Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment of Sustainable Infrastructure Materials 8

Tomohiko Ihara 2. LCA National Project  LCI database compilation (LCA National Project I)  LCI database compilation (LCA National Project I) Committee member industries Committee member industries Additional members of data collecting industries Additional members of data collecting industries Gas Limestone mining Fineceramics Petroleum Glass fiber Titanium Electric power Iron and steel Stainless steel Electric Arc Furnace Aluminum Batteries Electric wire & cables Non-ferrous metals Railway transport Glass 22 industries 34 industries Paper Resinoid Chemical products Refractories Refractories Carbon black Carbon black Printing ink Printing ink Cement PolyVinylCholoride Aclylonitrile Chemical Chloro-carbon Synthetic rubber Chemical fibers Petrochemical ABS resin Rubber Rubber Urea & ammonium Urea & ammonium Emulsion Emulsion Automobiles Titanium dioxide Soda Automobile parts Industrial gases Engineering plastics Business machine Soap and detergent Aromatic El Electrical for households t i l f h h ld Paint P i t U Urethane row materials th t i l Communications Expandeed PS Methacrilate Resin Electronic Plastic Waste Management Gas and kerosene appliance Methanol-formaldehyde Industrial machinery Sulfuric acid Building constractor 2009/10/22 US-Japan Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment of Sustainable Infrastructure Materials 9

 LIME (LCA National Project I) Tomohiko Ihara Category Endpoint Safeguard Single Concentration Impact Category Inventory Subjects Subjects Index Index Thermal/Cold Stress Global Warming CO 2 GHS in Air Malaria Human life HCFCs Ozone Depletion ODS in Stratosphere ODS in Stratosphere Dengue Favor Dengue Favor Human health TCDD Air Pollution Disaster DALY DALY Toxic. In Air Benzene Cataract Human toxicity Social assets Social assets Lead L d (chemicals/metals) Toxic. In Water Skin Cancer Yen (Cost) Cost SO x Toxic. In Soil Cancer Ecotoxicity NO x Single g x Respiratory Disease R i t Di D Dep. of Acidifying f A idif i index Acidification sub. Ecosystem Total N Terrestrial Eco-index Eutrophication Consumption of DO Yen Aquatic Biodiversity Total P Total P Conc. Oxidant Extinct Species Oxidant Creation Plant NMVOC Primary Benthos Land productivity productivity Land use L d Fishery Waste Dry weight Crop Copper ore Waste Materials Materials Oil Resource Consumption Energy Fate Analysis Exposure Analysis Damage Assessment Quality Analysis Weighting 2009/10/22 US-Japan Workshop on Life Cycle Assessment of Sustainable Infrastructure Materials 10