strategic, economic, and life-cycle perspectives Matthias Koesling, - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Establishing a Seaweed industry in Norway: strategic, economic, and life-cycle perspectives Matthias Koesling, NIBIO

Introduction to life-cycle thinking Every day example - From Material Flow Analysis to Life-cycle assessment 14/11/2018 2

Travelling 100 km (Åndalsnes-Ålesund) Ca 100 km – Using a modern car – 7 litre gasoline/100 km – Energy density 33.1 MJ/l – Energy needed: 7 l/100 km * 33 MJ/l = 198 MJ/100 km 3

Life cycle questions – How much energy was necessary to produce the gasoline and the car? – What is the environmental impact of producing the gasoline and combusting it? 14/11/2018 4

How much energy is necessary to get 1 l gasoline to filling station? Energy density of gasoline: Energy needed for entire way: 33 MJ/l 7 MJ/l gasoline 5

LCA for travelling 100 km (Åndalsnes-Ålesund) Use of fossil energy ADP fossil [MJ] 281,6 256,0 230,4 Abiotic Depletion fossil [MJ] 204,8 179,2 153,6 128,0 102,4 76,8 51,2 25,6 0,0 GLO: Passenger car (medium, gasoline, 1 piece) ts <LC> Car-production Gasoline at filling station EU-28: Gasoline mix (regular) at filling station ts 6

LCA for travelling 100 km (Åndalsnes-Ålesund) – Use of gasoline Car: production and use – 7 l/100 km https://picsart.com/i/sticker-rauch-260477178012212 7

LCA for travelling 100 km (Åndalsnes-Ålesund) Global warming potential GWP 100 years [CO 2 -equivalents] 17,6 .] Global Warming Potential [kg CO2-Equiv 16,0 14,4 12,8 11,2 9,6 8,0 6,4 4,8 3,2 1,6 0,0 GLO: Passenger car (medium, gasoline, 1 piece) ts <LC> GLO: Car petrol, Euro 5, engine size 1,4-2l ts <u-so> Car-production Gasoline at filling station Gasoline combustion EU-28: Gasoline mix (regular) at filling station ts 14/11/2018 8

LCA for travelling 100 km (Åndalsnes-Ålesund) 14.11.2018 9

Life-cycle assessment (LCA) Assess environmental impacts from all the stages of a product's life: – Raw material extraction – Materials processing – Manufacture – Distribution – Use – Repair and maintenance – Disposal or recycling 10

- Protein production – Soy protein – Seaweed protein 14/11/2018 11

Results from different approaches Energy demand per t protein Material Flow Analysis 24,000 MJ Soy about 12 times 278,000 MJ Seaweed 14/11/2018 12

Results from different approaches Energy demand per t protein Material Flow Analysis LCA 24,000 MJ Soy 38,000 MJ (non renewable) 122,000 MJ about 12 times about 12 times (renewable) 278,000 MJ Seaweed 443,000 MJ 14/11/2018 13

1 - Gametophyte culture Seaweed LCA-results in detail 2 - Sporophyte culture 3 - Deployment & growth at sea 4 - Harvest 5 – Transport 6 - Drying 7 - Extraction 14/11/2018 8 - Transportation 14

Seaweed LCA-results, todays production Use of fossil energy in MJ ADP fossil (Abiotic depletion, fossil) 471 859,2 3 - Deployment & growth at sea 450 000 419 430,4 367 001,60000000006 Abiotic Depletion fossil [MJ] 314 572,80000000006 250 000 6 - Drying; use of gas 262 144,00000000006 209 715,20000000006 7 - Extraction 5 – Transport 4 - Harvest 157 286,4000000001 100 000 104 857,60000000008 Total Rest 52 428,80000000008 0,00000000007 Total NO: GP4 - Harvest ... NO: GP5 - Drying of... Rest NO: GP3 - Deploym... NO: GP4 b Transpor... NO: GP6 - Extractio... 14/11/2018 15

Seaweed LCA-results, todays production Global warming potential (GWP) GWP 100 years In kg CO 2 -equivalents 3 - Deployment & growth at sea 29 491,2 30 000 .] Global Warming Potential [kg CO2-Equiv 26 214,4 22 937,6 20 000 19 660,8 6 - Drying; use of gas 16 384,0 13 107,2 7 - Extraction 5 – Transport 10 000 4 - Harvest 9 830,40000000001 Total, soy 6 553,60000000001 Total Rest 3 276,8 0,00000000000 Total NO: GP3 - Deployme... NO: GP5 - Drying of ... Rest NO: GP2 - Sporophy... NO: GP4 b Transport... NO: GP6 - Extraction... 14/11/2018 16

Seaweed LCA-results, todays production 14/11/2018 17

Seaweed LCA-results; Drying energy from incineration for free Use of fossil energy in MJ ADP fossil (Abiotic depletion, fossil) Scen 1 gas Scen 2 incin for free 450 000 471 859,2 3 – Deploy. & growth at sea 419 430,4 Abiotic Depletion fossil [MJ] 367 001,60000000006 6 - Drying; use of gas 314 572,80000000006 250 000 262 144,00000000006 7 - Extraction 5 – Transport 209 715,20000000006 4 - Harvest 157 286,4000000001 100 000 104 857,60000000008 Total Rest 52 428,80000000008 0,00000000007 Total NO: GP4 - Harvest ... NO: GP5 - Drying of... Rest NO: GP3 - Deploym... NO: GP4 b Transpor... NO: GP6 - Extractio... 14/11/2018 18

Seaweed LCA-results; Drying energy from incineration for free Global warming potential (GWP) GWP 100 years In kg CO 2 -equivalents Scen 1 gas Scen 2 incin for free 30 000 29 491,2 3 – Deploy. & growth at sea .] Global Warming Potential [kg CO2-Equiv 26 214,4 22 937,6 6 - Drying; use of gas 20 000 19 660,8 16 384,0 7 - Extraction 5 – Transport 13 107,2 4 - Harvest 9 830,40000000001 10 000 6 553,60000000001 Total Rest 3 276,8 0,00000000000 Total NO: GP3 - Deployme... NO: GP5 - Drying of ... Rest NO: GP2 - Sporophy... NO: GP4 b Transport... NO: GP6 - Extraction... 14/11/2018 19

Seaweed LCA-results; Drying energy from incineration Global warming potential (GWP) GWP 100 years In kg CO 2 -equivalents Scen 1 gas Scen 2 incin for free Scen 3a incin energ Scen 3b incin en + el Including GWP from incineration 144 179,2 .] Global Warming Potential [kg CO2-Equiv 3 – Deploy. & growth at sea 130 000 131 072,0 117 964,8 104 857,6 6 - Drying; use of gas 90 000 91 750,40000000001 78 643,20000000001 65 536,00000000001 5 – Transport 50 000 52 428,80000000002 39 321,60000000002 25 000 26 214,40000000002 Total 13 107,20000000002 0,00000000002 Total NO: GP3 - Deploym... NO: GP5 - Drying of ... Rest NO: GP2 - Sporophy... NO: GP4 b Transpor... NO: GP6 - Extractio... 14/11/2018 20

Three scenarios for different sizes – Reference – todays volumes and technologies – IMTA integration – every fish farm in Norway integrates seaweed cultivation – Large scale 14.11.2018 21

Production sizes and transportation Number of Area per Yield Production Sum Placed in locations location t WW/ha per annual counties ha location Production t WW t WW Solund 1 1.0 60 60 60 1 example IMTA at every fish 1132 2.5 60 150 170 000 10 farm SES-size 90 32 60 1 900 170 000 2 Most fish 1000 100 60 6 000 6 000 000 6 farms Large scale 6 13 300 75 1 000 000 6 000 000 4 14/11/2018 22

Production sizes and transportation Production Sum Placed in Use of fossil energy in MJ ADP fossil per annual counties (diesel for transportation location Production 1 Today 2 IMTA 3 SES-size 4 IMTA 6mio 5 Storskala from farm to refinery) t WW t WW Solund 60 60 1 example IMTA at every fish 150 170 000 10 farm ts SES-size 1 900 170 000 2 Most fish 6 000 6 000 000 6 farms 2 500 7 500 12 500 17 500 22 500 27 500 32 500 37 500 0 10 000 20 000 30 000 0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000 30 000 35 000 40 000 Large scale 1 000 000 6 000 000 4 MJ Abiotic Depletion fossil [MJ] 14/11/2018 23

Utilising additional components to protein 14.11.2018 24

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Utilising additional components to protein When the entire economic and environmental costs for growing, harvesting, transporting and drying of algae is given, utilising more ingredients is reducing the costs per output unit. 14/11/2018 26

Saccharina latissima Harvested wet weight Other valuable components Dry weight Protein ~10 % 14/11/2018 27

Seaweed farming in Norway has just started. Improvements for yield, ingredients, harvesting, storing and processing can be expected. 14/11/2018 28

Contributions from Nina Pereira Kvadsheim (Møreforsking Molde) Jan Emblemsvåg (Møreforsking Molde) Jon Halfdanarson (Møreforsking Molde) Matthias Koesling (NIBIO) Project number: 244244 Funding received from: BIONÆR — Bionæringsprogram HAVBRUK2 14.11.2018 29