Antonella Bogoni CNIT-TECIP Microwave Signal Generation High - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Antonella Bogoni CNIT-TECIP

Microwave Signal Generation • High purity carrier generation • Arbitrary waveform generation • Terahertz signal generation Microwave Signal Distribution • Analog photonic link • Radio over Fiber • Antenna remoting Microwave Signal Processing • Photonic ADC • Photonic beamforming • Photonic filters and up\down conversion Microwave Signal Measurement • Instantaneous frequency measurement • Warfare Receiver

 Different functionalities could be exploited via different systems:  Different carrier frequency  Different waveforms  Different bandwidth  ……  Currently each apparatus work in specific conditions  The performance get worsen as the RF frequency increases

A multifunction radar is a single unit (operating in more than one band) will perform target detection and identification, tracking, discrimination on a large number of target as well as environmental mapping, communication links etc. etc..

The surveillance of surrounding environment in complex scenarios can be enabled by Multifunctional Coherent Radar The key challenges for Software Defined Generator that also represent the current electronic issues are:  Wide bandwidth  Waveform flexibility  Carrier frequency flexibility (up to mmW)  Superior phase stability The evolution of software defined radar (SDR) receivers strongly depends on the progress of high speed analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) The key challenges for a high-speed ADC that also represent the current electronic issues are: are:  Large input bandwidth (BW)  High sampling rates  Sensitivity and dynamic range (SNR & SFDR)  Quality of the digitized signal (ENOB)

Today’s best electronic DDS are available only at low frequency (few GHz) and they require analog up-conversion stages using mixers which introduces phase noise and distortions Phase noise electronics ~1GHZ photonics RF frequency Today’s best electronic ADCs show only few GHz of analog BW, with a sampling clock aperture jitter of hundreds of femtoseconds

TX Electronic solutions Photonic-based solutions RF carrier Single band 400 MHz–50 GHz SNR > 60 dB >53 dB Jitter Depending on the RF <10 fs > 100 fs at 10 GHz Inst band Few MHz Up to 1 GHz Modulation formats Amplitude and phase coding Amplitude and phase coding By MIT Our results

Optical Path Electrical Path JOURNALS 1.Ghelfi P., et al., accepted for publication on Optics Letters 2013. 2.Ghelfi P., et al , IEEE J. Quantum Electron. Vol. 48, n. 9, 1151-1157, Sept. 2012. 3.Ghelfi P., et al, IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 30, n.11, 1638-1644, June 2012. 4.Serafino G., et al , IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 29, n. 23, 3551-3559 December 2011.

f=N ∆ν Optical N Δ ν + δν N Δ ν + δν specturm ν ν 0 Radar Pulse ν ν CW Mod. ν Optical ν 0 N Δ ν + δν specturm Continuous wave LASERS ν 0 + N Δν Electrical Optro-electro CW specturm transducer ν ν N Δ ν + δν ν 0 + N Δ ν The phase stability is the main issue Complex feedbacks are required

f=N ∆ν Optical specturm Waveform Waveform Generator Generator Δν Δν ν 0 ν 0 N Δν N Δν ν ν ν ν 0 ν 0 ν ν ν 0 ν 0 N Δ ν + δν MZM MZM MZM ν ν ν ν Electrical Modulator Optical filters MLL MLL specturm ν 0 + N Δν ν 0 + N Δν ν ν Pulse ν 0 + N Δ ν ν 0 + N Δ ν laser Optical specturm  Phase locked modes should ensure high phase stability of the RF signal  Selecting couple of modes at variable detuning, RF signals at tunable carrier can be generated  To avoid phase variation due to mechanical vibrations, the scheme should exploit integrated optics

600 500 530fs Timing Jitter [fs] Integration Intervals: Integration Intervals: 400 300 200 100 0 4fs 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 RF Frequency [GHz]  It is constant for any generated frequency  The measured timing jitter is low (2.5% of the carrier period at 50GHz) G. Serafino, IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 29, n. 23, 3551-3559 December 2011.

Optical Path Electrical Path JOURNALS 1.Ghelfi P., et al., accepted for publication on Optics Letters 2013. 2.Ghelfi P., et al , IEEE J. Quantum Electron. Vol. 48, n. 9, 1151-1157, Sept. 2012. 3.Ghelfi P., et al, IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 30, n.11, 1638-1644, June 2012. 4.Serafino G., et al , IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 29, n. 23, 3551-3559 December 2011.

t t Received RADAR ADC signal Time Domain … Parallelizer MLL MZ mod. (DEMUX) ADC ÷ N t t

1:4 parallelizer t RF Port 2 RF t Optical Output 1 Port 1 MZswitch t Optical Output 2 t MZswitch Optical input t Optical Output 3 MZswitch t Optical Output 4 RF Port 3 t Device developed by Selex, within Nexpresso project

Optical Path Electrical Path JOURNALS 1.Ghelfi P., et al., accepted for publication on Optics Letters 2013. 2.Ghelfi P., et al , IEEE J. Quantum Electron. Vol. 48, n. 9, 1151-1157, Sept. 2012. 3.Ghelfi P., et al, IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 30, n.11, 1638-1644, June 2012. 4.Serafino G., et al , IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 29, n. 23, 3551-3559 December 2011.

Performances enhancement due to the Digital Signal Processing Time skew equalization Gain\offset equalization Raw data SFDR = 65dBc 2th HR = 55dBc SFDR = 57dBc 2th HR = 55dBc SFDR = 15dBc 2 th HR = 38dBc

TX Jitter <10 fs SNR >53 dB RF carrier 400 MHz–50 GHz Inst band Up to 1 GHz Modulation formats Amplitude and phase coding RX ENOB > 7 carrier 400 MHz-40 GHz Inst band Up to 1 GHz

RF Carrier 9.9GHz CW RF Output -30dBm RF Received DC-20GHz Power Carrier Waveform type Pulse, Barker, Input power About 0dBm Frank, PRBS, (max 10dBm) Golay Sampling 16MHz, 80MHz, Waveform 40MHz max frequency 400MHz bandwidth Received 8MHz, 40MHz, Waveform IF 100 MHz Bandwidth 200MHz Waveform IF About 10dBm power

Multiband integrated arrayed RADCOM system (radar and communication) ENOB (Effective Number of bits)> 10; SINAD (Signal to noise and distortion) >60dB Low phase noise SNR > 60 dB Instantaneous bandwidth up to 1GHz Detection, tracking of multiple targets– high resolution imaging

Invited contributions 1. P.Ghelfi, F. Laghezza, F. Scotti, G. Serafino, S. Pinna, A. Bogoni “Advanced Photonic architectures for Radar Systems” Optics Express Vol. 21, n. 19, 2013. 2. Ghelfi P., Laghezza F., Scotti F., Serafino G., S. Pinna, Bogoni A.“ PHODIR: Photonics-based fully digital radar system”, 2013 IEEE International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics (MWP), Alexandria, Virginia, USA. 3. Ghelfi P., Laghezza F., Scotti F., Serafino G., S. Pinna, Bogoni A.“Photonic-assisted RF transceiver” ECOC 2013, London UK, September 2013 4. Bogoni A., “Photonics for new generation fully-digital radar and wireless communication systems: from the photonic-based RF signal generation to the optical RF sampling”, Plenary talk, International Workshop pn telecommunications, Brazil, May 2013. Regular contributions 1. Ghelfi P., Serafino G., Scotti F., Laghezza F., and Bogoni A., “Flexible Receiver for Multi-Band OFDM Signals at Millimeter- Waveband based on Optical Down-Convertion”, Optics Letters vol.37, n.18, pp. 3924-3926, 2012. 2. Ghelfi P., Scotti F., Laghezza F., and Bogoni A., "Phase Coding of RF Pulses in Photonics-Aided Frequency-Agile Coherent Radar Systems", IEEE J. Quantum Electron. Vol. 48, n. 9, 1151-1157, Sept. 2012. 3. Ghelfi P., Scotti F., Laghezza F., Bogoni A., “Photonic Generation of Phase-Modulated RF Signals for Pulse Compression Techniques in Coherent Radars”, IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 30, n.11, 1638-1644, June 2012. 4. F. Laghezza, F. Berizzi, A. Capria, A. Cacciamano, P. Ghelfi, G. Serafino, A. Bogoni. “Reconfigurable Radar Transmitter Based on Photonic Microwave Signal Generation”. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MICROWAVES AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES Volume 3, Special Issue 03, pp 383-389. 2011. 5. Scotti F., Ghelfi P., Laghezza F., Serafino G., Pinna S., Bogoni A., “Flexible True-Time-Delay Beamforming in a Photonics-Based RF Broadband Signals Generator”, ECOC2013, London, UK, Sept. 2013. 6. Pierno L., Fiorello A.M., Bogoni A., Ghelfi P., Laghezza F., Scotti F., Pinna S., “Optical switching matrix as Time Domain Demultiplexer in photonic ADC”, EUMiC 2013. 7. Scotti F., Laghezza F., Pinna S., Ghelfi P., and Bogoni A., "High Precision Photonic ADC with Four Time-Domain-Demultiplexed Interleaved Channels", Photonics in Switching 2013, TuO1-3, Osaka,. 8. Laghezza F., Scotti F., Pinna S., Ghelfi P., Bogoni A., “Jitter-Limited Photonic Analog-to-Digital Converter with 7 Effective Bits for Wideband Radar Applications”, International Radar Conference 2013, Canada 9. Ghelfi P., Serafino G., Scotti F., Laghezza F., Bogoni A., "Flexible Multi-Band OFDM Receiver Based on Optical Down-Conversion for Millimeter Waveband Wireless Base Stations", P6.06, ECOC 2012, Amsterdam, The Nederlands, 2012

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