Completeness of Death Registration under CRS and Construction a Life Table with Adjusted ASDR for India and States Anurag Verma 1* , Gyan Prakash Singh 1 , Abhinav Singh 2 1. Dept. of Community Medicine, IMS, BHU, Varanasi, India 2. Dept. of Statistics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India * presenting author , e-mail :-imsbhuanurag@gmail.com Abstract The main objective of the present study was to estimate the completeness of deaths registration under Civil Registration System in India and its major states during 2001-2010. In the present project methods proposed by Bennett and Horiuchi (1983) have been used to estimate the completeness of death registration. The next aim of this study is to construct a Life Table for Adjusted ASDR. The analysis of life table was done using adjusted ASDR which gives an accurate measure of life expectancy in comparison to another method. The completeness of death registration in India is 49% and 39% in males and females respectively. The adjusted Life Expectancy at birth as 66 and 69 years for males and females respectively in India. Finally, The National mortality statistics from civil registration were rated unsatisfactory for coverage and completeness of death registration in India. Keywords : Mortality Statistics; Vital Statistics; Life Expectancy; Indirect Estimation Technique; MortPak. Introduction The value of good-quality mortality data for public health is widely acknowledged. WHO comparative assessments rated the quality of Indian mortality data as present is low. Since then, focused initiatives were introduced to improve Civil Registration and Vital Statistics. Furthermore, Indian mortality data are widely used by researchers and international development agencies as the basis for making policy and program. It is hence important to assess the quality of more recent Indian mortality data. Evaluating the quality of national mortality statistics from civil registration is important [1] not only for its role in the estimation of intercensal populations but also in the construction of life table which is used in many other demographic estimation procedures. [1,2]. The importance of reliable and valid as well as comparable mortality data for measuring and improving population health with the value of good quality mortality data for public health is widely 1
acknowledged, [3,4] while effective civil registration system remains the “gold standard” source for continuous mortality measurement [5]. Kingsley Davis talked of the “Amazing Decline” of mortality in underdeveloped countries [6]. Since the developing countries continue in their effects to enhance their Civil Registration & Vital Statistics are particularly beneficial to identify biases in mortality data and it is important for them to have the ability to evaluate their progress by periodic evaluations of mortality statistics. A couple of low and middle revenue countries have such data [3, 9]. Among the few countries which have carried out such as exercise in the developing world are Brazil [7], china [8], & India, [9]. According to WHO report, India rank third, next to just Myanmar and Nepal, among all south Asian countries ordered by adult death rate in 2002[10]. One of the greatest human ac hievements in the decline in mortality that’s occurred during the modern era [11]. Civil Registration System(CRS), a unified process of continuous, permanent and compulsory recording of the vital events (livebirth, deaths, fetal deaths, marriages, and divorces) and characteristics thereof, as provide through the legal requirements of the country. [12] In India, the Registration of Births and Deaths act, 1969, provides for the compulsory registration of births & deaths. Registrar general of India initiated a scheme of Sample Registration of birth and death in India, rural in 1964-65 on pilot basis. The scheme of sample registration become operational on full scale from 1969-70 and is popularly known as SRS. [13, 14] The difference in approach of data collection between CRS and SRS, a comparison of vital rates based on these two sources helps in evaluation the performance of CRS over SRS. The level of registration helps in reviewing the registration system and defining measures that would be necessary to improve registration levels across the country. [15] According to Bhat [16], the omission rate is common is the registration system and even in census of developing countries and therefore it is necessary to check their completeness. The assessment of the mortality level of a population is often based on information including the number of registered deaths. In many developing nations, like India, however, deaths are under registered by a significant margin, which in turn many lead to a biased estimate of the level of mortality [16,17]. Various methods have been developed for estimating the completeness of death registration. Each of them assumes that the population is closed to migration and that ages at death were correctly reported. In addition, Brass’s sectiona l growth balance method, 1975[18] biased by declining mortality; Preston and Coale method,1980[19], sensitive to growth rate chosen and biased by overstatement of age at death; Bourgeais-Pichat method,1984, Limited experience with method seems to overestimate completeness because of age overstatement at high ages; the other methods which relax the assumption of stability are, Forward projection method, The modified growth balance 2
method, 1979[20], Preston and Hill method, 1980, [21]; United Nation method,1979, and Bennett and Horiuchi method, 1981[22-23]; Excellent summary of these techniques has been given by Preston, 1984. The method that do not assume stability are a generalization of the methods assuming stability. One of these non-stable methods, the United Nation method, has been much used and has shown to give erratic results [24].In the modified growth balance method, Martin, 1980[25] sought the Brass estimate of completeness, for mortality decline. The procedure requires the knowledge of the rate and duration of mortality decline. Estimation of these factors involves some circularity because the estimate of the mortality condition is the aim of the exercise in the first place. The Preston and Hill method and the forward projection methods are related to the size of cohorts in two censuses. They become awkward to use irregular intercensal periods. For every developing countries where census are conducted irregular as well as regular intercensal periods. For such a purpose, one is left with the Bennett-Horiuchi method. In India, the assessment of mortality level in population can be done by CRS and SRS. Since 2002[16], there has not been any attempt to examine the quality of CRS due to unavailability of age specific mortality data. In this context, present paper is an attempt to assess the quality of national as well as states level mortality statistics from Civil Registration in India. The next aim of this study is to construct the life table with Adjusted ASDR which is given by Bennett-Horiuchi Method. Materials and Methods Data Sources The analysis is based on the data available from four sources. The first data source is the annual statistical report of the Civil Registration system for the period 2000 through 2010. The second data source is the annual statistical report of the Simple Registration system for the period 2000 through 2010. The third data source used in the present analysis is the abridged life tables for the period 2002-2006 which are based on the age specific death rates available through the sample registration system. Finally, the fourth data source used is the population by age and sex enumerated at 2001 and 2011 population census. The Bennett- Horiuchi method is basically the extension of the methodology given by Preston and Coale [19] with the important development which does not require the assumption of stability of the population. Beside the advantage of discards the assumption of stability, this method can also be used for irregular intercensal periods. For stable population Preston et al. (1980) employed the relationship: 3
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