AC charging of EVs Dr. Gautham Ram Chandra Mouli, Delft University of Technology
Learning objectives What are key parts of an AC charger? • How does AC charging work? • What are types of connectors used for AC charging ? • How can the AC charging power be calculated? •
AC charger Vehicle Connector Infrastructure plug Vehicle Infrastructure Inlet socket outlet
Basic AC charging configurations
AC Charging: Types
AC Charger types : Overview Image courtesy: Phoenix contact (www.phoenixcontact.com), scame.com, EV plug alliance Type 1 US/Japan SAE Type 2 Europe Type 3 Tesla US Mennekes/Tesla EV plug alliance Tesla US
AC connector - Type 1 • Single phase AC L1 L2/N Image courtesy: Phoenix contact (www.phoenixcontact.com) • Two AC pins, one earth, two signal pins Control Pilot • Voltage and current ratings: Voltage 120V or 240V; Proximity Protective Current up to 80A; Pilot Earth • J1772 connector
AC connector - Type 2 Protective Earth • Both single and three phase Proximity Control Pilot AC charging Pilot Image courtesy: Phoenix contact (www.phoenixcontact.com) • Two signal pins, five power pins; • Voltage and current ratings: L1 L2 1 phase 230V, up to 80A; Neutral L3 3 phase 400V, up to 63A;
Tesla US connector Power pins • USA-> Proprietary connector By Great Drok (Own work)/CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons Europe-> Type 2 • Same connector for AC and DC Control • Max AC power of 17.2kW when pins connected to 240V AC Protective Earth
AC charging: Type 1 & Type 2 Proximity pilot Monitor connection between EV & charger 2 Signal Pins PWM Set maximum ≥ signal Actual charge Control pilot Charge current current I ac I max
AC Charging Power
Calculating AC charging power Single phase: P ch =V ac I ac Three phase: P ch =√3(V 3ac I ac ) Charging power, P ch Single phase AC voltage, V ac Three phase line-to-line AC voltage, V 3ac Grid current, I ac
Charging time and charging power 120V, 16A, 1.9kW Charge power P ch (kW) 230V, 32A 7.4kW Charge time t ch (hour) 3Ф 400V, 3Ф 400V, 32A, 22.2kW 16A, 11.1kW Battery capacity E batt (kWh) = ´ E P t batt ch ch E = t batt 230V, 16A ch P 3.7kW ch Times to Charge 30kWh and 100kWh Battery
AC charging Dr. Gautham Ram Chandra Mouli, Delft University of Technology
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