A preliminary investigation into field hockey face and head - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

A preliminary investigation into field hockey face and head protection systems G.Harradine, D. Eager & C.Chapman Greenfields USA, 2016 13 th Australasian Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Conference 13-15 November 2017 Mercure Ballarat Hotel and Convention Centre

Engineering Capstone • 12 credit point thesis subject towards Bachelor of Engineering. • Bachelor of Engineering (Mechanical and Mechatronics), Bachelor of Medical Science, Diploma in Engineering Practice • Played hockey for 16 years, past 8 years have been with UTS

Field Hockey • Played in over 132 countries • Olympic sport • Governed internationally the FIH FIH 2017 • Hockey Australia + Hockey NSW Hockey Australia 2017 Photo: Grant Treeby viewed in Canberra Times, 2016

Penalty Corners Penalty Corner Defensive Angle (Sportsmediagroup, 2015)

Face Masks • No standards – for manufacture or performance • FIH has size and colour requirements only

Investigation Aims • To determine the efficacy of these face masks. • Explore the perceptions of players: – Does assumed protection = actual protection? – Are players getting what they are paying for? • What have other sports done about this? • Would standards help? OBO 2012 • What should be done about this?

Literature Review • Limited studies into field hockey injuries. • Rules and equipment have changed so often and recently that data quickly becomes outdated. • Few studies into the efficacy of face masks in field hockey. HFS Field Hockey, Pinterest 2017

What about other sports? • Baseball – Increase in use of protective equipment lead to a decrease in ED admissions for baseball head injuries (Carniol et al. 2015) • Ice Hockey – Standardised equipment Giphy 2017 improved safety – Player behaviour changes – Performance over protection • Cricket – Reiterated the same themes as ice hockey – Phillip Hughes inquest Ranson et al. 2013

Survey Hockey Public • Do players wear masks? Why/why not? • What is the injury incidence and type? • What do players think face masks do? • Do players know there are no standards? • Should there be standards? HockeyGods, 2012

Results Proportion of players wearing face masks

Results Reasons for not wearing a face mask

Results Reasons for wearing a face mask

Results Priorities when selecting a face mask

Results Likelihood of wearing a mask

Results Market perceptions of face masks

Testing Current Systems • BOLA Hockey Ball machine • Head form containing accelerometers in 3 axes (x y z) • Data collated on Labview software • Speed range from 30kph-140kph • Four masks of varying designs tested

Testing Current Systems

Testing Current Systems

Results

Results

Bola Ball Average Average gmax (g) Average Jmax Average Average Speed (kph) Actual Speed (g/s) HIC 15 Contact Results (kph) Time (ms) 30 36.9 10.42 9523.2 0.32 11.6 60 73.4 32.26 25209.6 5.42 27.64 Mazon 90 119.1 134.14 132992.4 86.74 37.52 Club Mask 120 139.8 154.18 148107.50 123.68 16.45 140 166.6 166.73 153896.67 168.47 18.33 30 36.9 7.6 6191.67 0.13 8.8 60 73.4 81.13 79812.67 17.8 18 Gryphon G 90 119.1 166 156882.67 222.26 22.8 Force Pro 120 Broke and could not be tested for these values 140 Broke and could not be tested for these values 30 36.9 6.57 6031 0.067 14.83 60 73.4 13.47 13873.33 09.3 17.86 Mazon 90 119.1 83.6 78982.33 31.7 13.26 Proforce 120 139.8 177.65 175783.25 249.95 15.58 140 166.6 228 222047 387.9 19.5 30 36.9 5.93 3191.67 0.23 17.53 60 73.4 23.1 17787.5 3.3 18.25 OBO OOP 90 119.1 45.3 34255.33 18.23 16.06 Face Off Steel Grill 120 139.8 96.8 88662.5 65.4 16.45 140 Deformed beyond use at prior speed and was not further tested.

Results OBO Grill Mask at 60kph

Results Gryphon G Force Mask at 60kph

Results Mazon Proforce Mask at 60kph

Results Mazon Club Mask at 60kph

Results The data from the headform hit with no face mask at BOLA 60kph

Results Variables BOLA Lowest gmax Lowest Jmax Lowest HIC Longest Contact Time Speed 30kph OBO Grill OBO Grill Mazon OBO Grill Proforce 60kph Mazon Proforce Mazon Proforce OBO Grill Mazon Club Mask 90kph OBO Grill OBO Grill OBO Grill Mazon Club Mask 120kph OBO Grill OBO Grill OBO Grill Mazon Club Mask and OBO Grill (equal) 140kph Mazon Club Mazon Club Mazon Club Mason Proforce Mask Mask Mask

Recommendations • How do we apply what has been learned? Collection of injury data Further testing of current face masks Standardisation Player education and behavioural research New, innovative designs Review of the FIH rules • So what next?

Acknowledgements • University of Technology Sydney • David Eager and Christopher Chapman Imgur 2017 Thank you and enjoy the rest of the conference!