A Framework for Water Security Assessment at City Scale: Application to Bangkok Informal roundtable on addressing water scarcity through cost effective and innovative responsible business practices (RBP) in the Resort Industry in ESCAP Countries 25-26 August, 2016 Victor R. Shinde, PhD Senior Specialist in Water Engineering and Management Asian Institute of Technology victorshinde@ait.asia 1
Content Background and context Conceptual model City-scale water security assessment framework Application of the developed framework Customizing the project concept for the private sector 2
Background and Context Water security vs water scarcity Water Security captures the complex concept of holistic water management and the balance between resource protection and its use (GWP, 2000). Scale of assessment Scale is critical in assessing water security. National level assessments (traditionally done) make it difficult to take action at operationalization level. Measuring water security Water security needs to be represented by indicators to facilitate its quantification 3
Conceptual model What are the characteristics of an ideal water-secure city? Feature Dimension of Water Security There will be sufficient water for domestic, industrial Availability index and business use Water supplied will be of good quality Quality index Water will be a valued economic good Water productivity index The city will be adequately protected from water related Disaster control index disasters The water sources and bodies will be free from pollution Environment protection index and contamination Citizens will be aware of water-related problems and Public consciousness index issues There will be practical, and enforceable, water laws and Management index acts There will be a continuous attempt to “look into the Adaptability index future” and plan accordingly 4
Conceptual model Indicator Dimension Overall 1 1 Parameter Water 1 Security Dimension Indicator 2 Index k Parameter (WSI) Dimension j Specific i Measurable Attainable Relevant Time-bound 5
City-scale water security assessment framework Economic water security Domestic Environmental (EWS) water security water security (DWS) (ENWS) Water Security Index Governance & Water-related Management disaster (GM) (WD) WSI = f (DWS, EWS, ENWS, WD, GM) WSI = ( DWS + EWS + ENWS + WD + GW ) 𝟔 6 WSI = Water Security Index
City-scale water security assessment framework Dimension Parameter No. Indicator Unit 1 Proportion of coverage area in piped water % supply system (I 11 ) Water quantity Domestic water 2 Water consumption per capita (I 12 ) l/c/d security Water quality 3 Conforming to water quality standards (I 13 ) % US$/m 3 Non-agriculture 4 Non-agricultural water productivity (I 21 ) Economic water security US$/m 3 Agriculture 5 Agricultural water productivity (I 22 ) Water pollution 6 Ratio of treated to total wastewater (I 31 ) % Environmental Resource water security 7 Water-body health in the city (I 32 ) 0-100 protection Flood damage 8 Flood depth (I 41 ) cm Water-related disaster Rainfall variation 9 Deviation from normal rainfall (I 42 ) mm US$/ Coping Capacity 10 GPP per capita (I 51 ) capita Governance and 11 Leakage in water supply system (I 52 ) % management Water use 12 Ratio of water reuse to total wastewater (I 53 ) efficiency % 7 Note: I = Indicator, WS= Water security
City-scale water security assessment framework Representation and interpretation of WSI 1. Representation of WSI Representation by a numerical value for interpreting the level of water security Scoring system from 1 to 5 following 2. Interpretation of WSI (AWDO, 2013) Level of WSI Interpretation 1 water insecure 2 low water security 3 medium water security 4 high water security 5 very high water security 8
Application of the developed water security framework Eastern Study Area Bangkok Western Study Area: Bangkok Gulf of Thailand (Land Development Department, 2009) Bangkok was divided into two broad areas (Eastern area and Western area) . Further, water security was also assessed at district level that included five districts (Sathon, LatPhrao, Nong Chok, Bangkok Noi and Nong Kheam) . 9
Application of the developed water security framework Economic WS Economic water security of Bangkok 5 Domestic WS 4 5 Environmental WS 3 Environmental water security of Bangkok 5 4 2 4 3 1 3 2 0 2 Eastern Western Whole city 1 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 1 0 Overall WSI Eastern Western Whole city The overall water security of Bangkok 0 5 Eastern Western Whole city 4 3 2 1 0 Governance & management Water-related disaster Water-related disaster of Bangkok Governance and management of Bangkok Eastern Western Whole city 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 0 0 Eastern Western Whole city Eastern Western Whole city Eastern Western Whole city 10 Legend 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Application of the developed water security framework Comparison of water security status at different spatial scales 5 5 DWS DWS 4 4 WSI 2014 3 3 EWS EWS Whole city 2 2 GM GM Eastern 1 1 0 0 Western Sathon[E] Lat Phrao[E] Nong Chok[E] ENWS ENWS WD WD Eastern, Western and Whole city Eastern, Districts [E] and Whole city Bangkok Noi[W] 5 DWS 5 DWS Nong Kheam[W] 4 4 3 3 EWS 2 GM EWS 2 GM 1 1 0 DW: Domestic WS 0 EWS: Economic WS ENWS: Environmental WS WD: Water-related disaster GM: Governance & Management [E]: Eastern [W]: Western WD ENWS ENWS WD 11 Western, Districts [W] and Whole city All of different spatial scales
Application of the developed water security framework Comparison of water security status at different temporal scale Western area Eastern area 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 0 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Whole city 5 4 3 2 1 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Overall WSI of Bangkok 12
Concluding Remarks Project Title: Developing a Decision Support Tool to enhance sustainable water supply for industries in Thailand Duration: 2 years Core Team: Prof. Mukand S. Babel and Dr. Victor R. Shinde The main objective of this project is to develop a Decision Support Tool to enhance sustainable water supply for Japanese industries in Thailand. Specifically, the project will focus on the following: 1. Develop an inventory of industrial water use and associated statistics. 2. Develop a framework to evaluate water-related risks. 3. Identify, and recommend, measures to enhance sustainable water supply. Proposal under consideration at Deloitte Tohmatsu 13
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION 14
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