91 Double Hatted then Tripled Hatted A summary of some of the moves - PDF document

91 Double Hatted then Tripled Hatted A summary of some of the moves towards a merger of the WEU into the EU: On 20 November 1999, Javier Solana, who was the High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) of the EU, was also appointed Secretary-General of the WEU. His being head of both organisations permited him to oversee the ongoing transfer of functions from the WEU to the EU. The Petersberg tasks, declared by the WEU in 1992, were incorporated in 1997 into the treaty of Amsterdam of the EU, forming the basis of the European Security and Defence Policy which frames a common policy to deal with humanitarian and rescue, peacekeeping and tasks of combat forces in crisis management, including peacemaking. The European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS) and European Union Satellite Centre (EUSC), both established to function under the EU’s CFSP pillar, are replacements to the Western European Union Institute for Security Studies and the Western Union Satellite Centre which had been established to function in connection to the WEU. December 5, 1995 to October 6,1999 Secretary general of NATO July 4, 1999 Secretary General in July but took office in October 1999 October 18, 1999, HRCFSP shortly after standing down from NATO November 25 1999 Secretary-General of the WEU The picture with Javier Solana shaking hands is at the meeting where he received appointment to the position of Secretary General of the WEU

92 Silent transfer of power confuses even China The fancy footwork that the EU and WEU were performing confused the world. Sometimes they probably confused themselves. Here China thinks the WEU is dissolving and the British report it as quietly being rolled into the EU. Correct answer: It was quietly partially rolled into the EU a year after Javier Solana took up his new positions in the EU and WEU. 93 Ten Little Indians No More No Less

The Transfer of powers continued during the next decade. On January 1, 2002 the number of full members was frozen at ten members. The map shows in red the Full member states. The other colors represented the various other partner memberships. By 2004 all of the nations which were to be brought into NATO had done so and they became partners of various stripes in the WEU but not full members. They also were joining the EU by 2007. Within twelve years the task Javier Solana had proposed for Europe and its military alliances in 1995 had been completed. The marching regiments on the Champs Elyse on July 14, 2007 were a celebration of the building of the military of the EU. I think it helpful to show the slide again which shows the marching armies. This was not the result of simply inviting each country to send some soldiers to have a parade. This was the result of more than a decade of diplomacy and (I can only guess the actual number) several hundred billions of dollars of new investment in the military of Europe. Next consider the changes brought about by the shift in investments and travel brought about by the the new open doors of Europe and one may see that Europe had cause to celebrate. Threats to its new political integrity will not be viewed as unimportant. Europe will respond with vigor eventually if its new found success is threatened by economic or civil disorder. These hard fought successes will be protected. In the next section we will consider the major Diplomatic actions of the European Union during this time frame. The European Union came into existence on November 1, 1993. 94 The Old Guard and the “Young Turks” The diplomacy of the European Union since its inception on November 1, 1993 has been robust. It is of course only possible to consider some of the components. We will look at some of the first, some of the largest and some of the latest actions of the EU.

The slide shows the Prime Ministers and most of the foreign ministers of Europe at its ceremonial photo in October 1993 just weeks before the EU came into existence on November 1, 1993. These are the most recent generation that has worked on the construction of Europe. The newborn European Union has a history and its future looks bright. Only a few of the old guard from the post World War II era are remaining. A few of the rising stars are present. Emmanuel Barroso current EU commission President is present in the back row serving as foreign minister of Portugal. Javier Solana serving as foreign minister of Spain is also pictured. Barroso is back row fourth from the left and Solana is back row fifth from the right. They are the “young turks.” 95 Hit the Deck Running The European Union came into existence on November 1, 1993. The first significant action may be that taken by Spain and Israel in the first week of the life of the new EU. Spain and Israel enter into a cooperation agreement as the first of political changes between any new EU country and its neighbors.

Spain and Israel enter into a cooperation agreement as the first of political changes between any new EU country and its neighbors. Shimon Peres is currently President Of Israel and King Juan Carlos is reigning King in Spain. The agreement even mentions the Madrid Peace conference which had met in Madrid Spain in recent years. The government of Spain was still actively pursuing Peace in the middle east. Javier Solana and King Juan Carlos had first met in 1979 when Felipe Gonzalez and Javier Solana in the immediate years after the end of the Franco regime had approached the King about the legalization of the new socialist party. Solana has shown a knack of being present at the beginning of things.

96 We meet Again The contacts that Spain had with Israel from the Madrid Peace Talks and the contacts made by the Spanish Israel cooperation agreement of 1993 served them well when Israel was persuaded to sign onto the regional cooperative agreement with the EU and its neighbors in 1995. Israel and Syria both balked at joining an agreement that included the other. Consider some of the wording in the document. “The participants support the realization of a just, comprehensive and lasting peace settlement in the Middle East based on the relevant United Nations Security Council resolutions and principles mentioned in the letter of invitation to the Madrid Middle East Peace Conference, including the principle land-for-peace, with all that this implies;” The success that Javier Solana had in bringing the two nations of Israel and Syria to the table was based on talent in diplomacy but also on years of effort and contact as foreign minister of Spain. This success recommended him well to those who were considering him for the position of Secretary General at NATO . He began as Secretary General of NATO December 5, 1995 just days later. 97 Getting Stronger The initial agreements of 1995 were further consolidated and strengthened by additional updates in the following years. The European Union signed agreements of support with its neighbors in what became know as the European Neighborhood Policy or Project. (ENP) The first slide shows a meeting between the High Representative of the Common Foreign and Security Policy of the European Union and the then Prime Minister of Israel Ariel Sharon in early 2004. He is also thanked by Sharon for having come to sign the agreement.

The second slide shows the follow up agreements to the Barcelona conference of 1995. B) European Neighborhood Project(ENP) 2005 Works to complement and reinforce the Barcelona process on a bilateral basis through actions plans agreed with the partner countries. These actions are funded under the C) European Neighborhood Partnership Instrument(ENP). Strengthened 2007- 2013 D) The Barcelona Process Union for the Mediterranean 2008 infuses new vitality

98 What do Others Say? The first slide shows the EU in blue and its European Neighborhood Policy countries in dark Green. The European Neighborhood project is generally though of as for those countries never expected to become part of the EU proper. Turkey is shown in aqua because the EU while having a variety of agreements with Turkey that might be similar and fall under the umbrella of the European Neighborhood Project they do not wish to offend the sensitivities of Turkey which is a candidate country for the EU proper. The comment to the left is from Chris Patten now serving as Chancellor of Oxford. He had served in the past in the EU and British governments. Slide two is a commentary from a Foreign affairs magazine noting how the ENP strengthens the previous agreements.

99 What do They Say? The European Union held a conference during the first year of the European Neighborhood Policy strengthening under that title. The Foreign Ministers from each of the countries who had signed it were invited and they met with the Foreign Ministers of all 27 EU member states as well. The strengthened European Neighborhood Project was called officially on the documents “The European Neighborhood Policy Instrument”. The Jerusalem Post article quoted Javier Solana as the HR for CFSP Secretary General of EU, Secretary General of the 10 permanent Members of the WEU stating “The European neighborhood Policy was designed later to develop the Barcelona process and assist us further in this Partnership…where our main objective is to create a common area of peace.