60% of the World without Internet Access 80% Over 4 Billion - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

60% of the World without Internet Access 80% Over 4 Billion people Worldwide without Internet Access 8% ? About 60% of the World population do not have access to the Internet, wired or wireless http://www.internetlivestats.com/internet-users/ 1

World Map Scaled According To Population Size 70% 87% 48.1% Asia: 34.8% 72% 52.4% Africa: 27.5% Source: http://www.iflscience.com/environment/world-map-scaled-population-size http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm 2

Rural and Small town America FCC 2015 Broadband Progress Report 17% of all Americans (55 million) & 53% of rural Americans (22 million) lack access to Broadband. Only 8 percent of urban Americans lack access to broadband. Wireless Revenue Potential/ mile 2 Major urban center: $248,000 Least densely populated: $262 Broadband: 25 Mbps/3 Mbps Source: https://www.fcc.gov/reports/2015-broadband-progress-report http://mobilefuture.org/resources/the-truth-about-spectrum-deployment-in-rural-america/ 3

Connectivity Omnification 1,000X in 15 years Exabyte  Zetabyte (1,000X) 2013  2028 1 Zetabyte = 200 GB/month for 5 Billion 5G and Wi-Fi to carry similar traffic 1Tb/s peak data rate Wi-Fi: 2027 Cellular: 2030 Omnify: Order of magnitude increase every five years 4

REEFS Approach to Zetabyte Network Design R Reliable EE Energy Efficient F Faster S Smaller 5

Trillion times improvement in the Last 60 years 1956, 5MB hard drive 1946, ENIAC, 30Tons, 167,000,000mm 2 , 150,000W, 5K ops/s Octacore (2.1GHz & 1.5 GHz cores) 78 mm 2 , ~1W Samsung 16TB SSD (2.5in) Samsung Exynos 7420 processor 6

REEFS Limits 𝐹 1−𝑐𝑗𝑢 = 𝑙𝑈 ln 2 =2.87 × 10 −21 Joule R Reliable 2.87 EE Energy Efficient 1,000000,000000 nJ/bit 𝑁𝑗𝑜𝑗𝑛𝑣𝑛 𝐹𝑜𝑓𝑠𝑕𝑧 = 𝐷 5 ℎ𝐻 = 1.855 × 10 34 GHz 𝑔 𝑄 = F Faster =18,550000000,000000000000,000000000000 GHz =18.55 Billion Trillion Trillion GHz ℎ𝐻 𝐷 3 = 1. 616 × 10 −35 m = S Smaller 1.616 𝑚 𝑄 = 100,000000000000,000000000000 nm 7

Millimeter waves – path to REEFS Wireless Systems Faster Bandwidth  Data Rates  Capacity XL Bandwidth Millimeter waves (3-300 GHz) XS Antennas f < >3GHz 300GHz 3 Smaller 8

Millimeter Waves for 5G Samsung 3GPP 5G presents Samsung Workshop Millimeter demos Over 20 wave mobile 7.5Gb/s peak companies system data rate & support concept at 1.2 Gb/s at Millimeter 100 Km/h IEEE WCNC waves May 13 Oct 14 Mar 28 Oct 17 Sep 17 Oct 23 2014 2014 2015 2015 2011 2013 Samsung FCC NOI to FCC NPRM demos Gb/s examine use on Millimeter system at of bands wave 28GHz with above 24GHz spectrum for 2Km range for mobile 5G broadband http://wcnc2011.ieee-wcnc.org/tut/t1.pdf 9

(Myth) 2 #1: Higher path loss (even in Free space) Ω 𝐵 = 𝜇 2 𝐵 𝑓 𝑄 = 𝐵 𝑢 𝐵 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠  2 𝑄 𝑢 X times higher frequency propagates X times longer in free space For the same transmit and receive antenna aperture sizes 10

(Myth) 2 #2: Low Probability of Line-of-Sight (LoS) 𝑜  𝑒 1 𝑒 2 𝑠 𝑜 = 𝑒 1 +𝑒 2 Millimeter waves provide higher likelihood of LOS due to smaller Fresnel zones Not bothered by objects around the Line-of-Sight 11

(Myth) 2 #3: Suitable for Small Cells only  = 2  = 2  ℎ 𝑢 ℎ 𝑠   𝑒 The “Free - space” (on Earth) path loss exponent smaller at Millimeter waves Ground reflection not an issue 12

Myths about Millimeter Waves Myth Reality 𝑄 = 𝐵 𝑢 𝐵 𝑠 Higher path loss (even in Millimeter waves propagate longer for the same 𝑠 𝑠 2  2 𝑄 𝑢 Free space) antenna area Low probability of LoS Millimeter waves provide higher likelihood of 𝑜  𝑒 1 𝑒 2 𝑠 𝑜 = LOS due to smaller Fresnel zones 𝑒 1 +𝑒 2  = 2  = 2  ℎ 𝑢 ℎ 𝑠 Suitable for small cells The “Free - space” (on Earth) path loss exponent   𝑒 only smaller at Millimeter waves ℎ𝑔 Have higher Noise Noise reduces with frequency, effect is small  𝑔 = 𝑙𝑈 ℎ𝑔 though at frequencies of interest 𝑓 𝑙𝑈 −1 𝑒  Loss (do not bend) Millimeter waves comes out of an opening with 𝐽  = 𝐽 0 𝑡𝑗𝑜𝑑 2  𝑡𝑗𝑜  around corners more focused energy Absorption (by Foliage, Rain) and Diffused Reflections… 13

Going smaller for Bigger Gains A4 paper: 623.7 cm 2 Ω 𝐵 = 𝜇 2 Galaxy S6: 101 cm 2 𝐵 𝑓 1m 2 A e Antenna Aperture 𝐵 𝑓 = 𝐸𝜇 2 4𝜌 → 𝐸 = 4𝜌𝐵 𝑓 𝜇 2 Conventional sector antenna, Big Gains in coverage, capacity and energy efficiency via mmWave Beamforming 17dB gain Coalescence of access and back-haul 14

Achieving Zetabyte with Terabit/s shared links Parameter Value Comments Tb/s Transmit Power 20 dBm Possibly multiple PAs shared Transmit Antenna Gain 32 dBi Element + array gain Carrier Frequency 100 GHz Ref. for calculations Distance 200 meters Propagation Loss 118.42 dB Other path losses 10 dB Some NLOS Tx front end loss 3 dB Non-ideal RF Receive Antenna Gain 23 dB Element + array gain Received Power -56.42 dBm WAP Bandwidth (BW) 1 GHz BW / comm-core Thermal Noise PSD -174 dBm/Hz Receiver Noise Figure 5.00 dB Example: Thermal Noise -79 dBm 256 cores SNR 22.58 dB Implementation loss 5 dB Non-ideal baseband 16 BW cores Spectram Efficiency (SE) 5.86 b/s/Hz [16GHz], Data rate / comm-core 5.86 Gb/s SE × BW Each BW core having Number of comm-cores 256 BW and MIMO cores 16 Spatial Cores Aggregate data rate 1.5 Terabit/s 256×5.86 Gb/s 15

Indoor & Outdoor share the same spectrum 'Green' buildings form a Faraday Cage effectively shielding all electrical fields from passing through In order to provide larger overall capacity in urban areas, Indoor and outdoor use parallel radio access sharing the same spectrum 16

Expanding Mobile broadband to Rural and Small towns Millimeter waves provide tremendous bandwidth to cover least densely populated areas with ultra- fast data rates Installing external antennas combined with radio repeaters inside the building can expand coverage to indoors 17

Every Being & Everything Connected! Millimeter Low-cost Tb/s Dream of waves enable shared links ubiquitous Faster, Smaller provide access to & and Energy- Zetabyte access universal Efficient each for cellular capture of wireless & Wi-Fi. information systems comes true Connec nnect the he Res est 18