Slide 1 / 53 Slide 2 / 53 3rd Grade Natural Hazards 2015-11-10 www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 53 Slide 4 / 53 Table of Contents Click on the topic to go to that section · Natural Hazards Lightning · Natural Hazards · Floods · Wildfires Works Cited · Return to Table of Contents Slide 5 / 53 Slide 6 / 53 Thunderstorms Supercells Supercells are incredibly large storms. Watch the video of a supercell Remember back to the weather unit. Under what conditions do by clicking in the box below. Use your observation skills as well as thunderstorms usually form? your knowledge to make a hypothesis about what is occurring in the storm. (Think about cloud formation and precipitation.) Thunderstorms often form during a cold front when cold air quickly approaches warm air. Click here to watch a video of the formation of a supercell. Source: Wikimedia Commons. Image by Smial. Source: Wikimedia Commons. Image by Lundeen.
Slide 7 / 53 Slide 8 / 53 Supercells Supercells Supercells can form when cold, dry air meets warm, humid air. Supercells are capable of creating incredibly high winds, hail and the Remember that warm air always rises above cold air. When the two strongest tornados. They create damage to homes and landscapes types of air masses collide, the cold air creates strong downdrafts and can injure animals and humans. while the warm air creates strong updrafts. Watch the beginning of the video again. Can you see air being pulled upwards? Think back about how supercells are formed. Is there any way that humans can prevent the formation of supercells? Source: Wikimedia Commons. Image by Kelvinsong. Source: Wikimedia Commons. Slide 9 / 53 Slide 9 (Answer) / 53 Supercells Supercells Supercells arise out of natural processes. There is no way that humans Supercells arise out of natural processes. There is no way that humans can prevent supercells from occurring. can prevent supercells from occurring. However, by studying them, we can come up with ideas that will However, by studying them, we can come up with ideas that will minimize the damage they do. minimize the damage they do. Possible ideas: Answer Build houses/buildings to be · Do you have any ideas about how we can prevent the damage of Do you have any ideas about how we can prevent the damage of more wind resistant. supercells? Write your ideas below. supercells? Write your ideas below. Learn how to predict · supercells so that people can evacuate an area. [This object is a pull tab] Slide 10 / 53 Slide 10 (Answer) / 53 Natural Hazards Natural Hazards A supercell is a type of natural hazard. A natural hazard is an A supercell is a type of natural hazard. A natural hazard is an Examples: extreme event that occurs from natural processes. extreme event that occurs from natural processes. tornadoes · Can you think of any other examples of natural hazards? Write your Can you think of any other examples of natural hazards? Write your Answer earthquakes · examples below. examples below. volcanoes · hurricanes · ice storms · avalanche · flash floods · [This object is a pull tab]
Slide 11 / 53 Slide 12 / 53 Natural Hazards 1 Natural hazards: There are many different types of natural hazards. In this unit, we will focus on lightning, floods and wildfires. A are caused by humans. B are completely unpredictable. C are caused by natural processes. D only occur where air masses collide. Source: Wikimedia Commons. Image by Averette. Source: Wikimedia Commons. Image by Smial. Source: Wikimedia Commons. Image by Farmartin. Slide 12 (Answer) / 53 Slide 13 / 53 1 Natural hazards: 2 Humans can eliminate natural hazards. A are caused by humans. True B are completely unpredictable. False Answer C C are caused by natural processes. D only occur where air masses collide. [This object is a pull tab] Slide 13 (Answer) / 53 Slide 14 / 53 2 Humans can eliminate natural hazards. True False False Answer Humans cannot eliminate natural hazards but can take Lightning steps to reduce their impact. [This object is a pull tab] Return to Table of Contents
Slide 15 / 53 Slide 16 / 53 Making Lightning Activity Lightning Lightning is an electrical charge. During a storm, particles in the Investigate how lightning occurs in this activity. clouds are constantly rubbing together. This creates a charge. These charges are able to connect to other charges. When this happens, it creates a spark of electricity. We see this as lightning. Lightning can occur within the same cloud, between different clouds or from a cloud down to the ground. Source: Wikimedia Commons. Image by Fir0002. Source: Wikimedia Commons. Image by Griffinstorm. Source: Wikimedia Commons. Image by Clark. Cloud to cloud lightning Cloud to ground lightning Click here to view a map of where lightning is currently striking in the United States. Slide 17 / 53 Slide 18 / 53 Lightning Lightning Lightning is a serious natural hazard. Thousands of people are killed Suppose there is a thunderstorm outside your window. Where do you worldwide every year by lightning strikes. People who survive strikes think lightning will most likely strike: A, B or C? often have symptoms that last for the rest of their lives! Click in the red box to watch a video about lightning. As you watch, write down three interesting facts about lightning. Be ready to share your answers! Click here to watch a video about lightning. A Fact #1 Fact #2 Fact #3 C B Slide 19 / 53 Slide 20 / 53 Dangers of Lightning Lightning Lightning occurs between different charges. It will happen in the Lightning is an unpredictable natural hazard and is dangerous for shortest distance possible. The lightning in this thunderstorm will hit many reasons. the tallest item on the ground. Can cause injury or death. · Can cause fires. · Can cause power surges that destroy electronic equipment. · A C B Source: Wikimedia Commons. Image by Bresson.
Slide 21 / 53 Slide 22 / 53 Lightning Rods Lightning Rods Lightning is not something that can be prevented by humans. Click in each box to see how each component works. However, we can try to minimize the damage done by lightning. A lightning rod is composed of three parts: a metal rod, a wire and a Since the metal rod sticks up above ground rod. Look at the image below. Use your knowledge to predict the roof of the building, lightning will how a lightning rod can minimize damage from lightning. strike the rod instead of the building. The electricity from the lightning will travel down the wire instead of traveling through the building. The electricity will be dispersed underground by the ground rod. Source: Wikimedia Commons. Image by Wdchk. Source: Wikimedia Commons. Image by Wdchk. Slide 23 / 53 Slide 23 (Answer) / 53 3 Lightning occurs between: 3 Lightning occurs between: A positive charges. A positive charges. B negative charges. B negative charges. Answer C C positive and negative charges. C positive and negative charges. [This object is a pull tab] Slide 24 / 53 Slide 24 (Answer) / 53 4 Will Iightning hit the shortest item on the ground? 4 Will Iightning hit the shortest item on the ground? Yes Yes No Answer No No Lightning will most likely hit the tallest item on the ground. [This object is a pull tab]
Slide 25 / 53 Slide 25 (Answer) / 53 5 What do lightning rods do? 5 What do lightning rods do? A They conduct lightning into the ground instead of A They conduct lightning into the ground instead of through a building. through a building. Answer B They reflect lightning back up into a storm. B They reflect lightning back up into a storm. A C Create a warning system so that people know to C Create a warning system so that people know to evacuate. evacuate. D They repel lightning away from a building. D They repel lightning away from a building. [This object is a pull tab] Slide 26 / 53 Slide 26 (Answer) / 53 6 Lightning would hit a lightning rod instead of a house 6 Lightning would hit a lightning rod instead of a house because lightning most often strikes the tallest structure because lightning most often strikes the tallest structure and the rod extends higher than the house. and the rod extends higher than the house. True True Answer True False False [This object is a pull tab] Slide 27 / 53 Slide 28 / 53 Flooding Whenever it rains, the ground soaks up the water that falls on it. Sometimes, water falls faster than the ground is able to absorb it. When this happens, water builds up and flooding occurs. Floods Return to Source: Wikimedia Commons. Image by Bidgee. Table of Contents
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