Summary Status Report on LBNO Francesca Di Lodovico 4 th October 2012 NNN12 Next Generation Nucleon Decay and Neutrino Detectors Fermilab, Batavia
Summary Outline Introduction to LAGUNA-LBNO Requirements Beam from CERN Near detector, hadron production The far site: Pyhäsalmi The far detector(s) Timeline Conclusions 2
Introduction to LAGUNA Summary L arge A pparatus for G rand U nification and N eutrino A strophysics (EC FP7 Design Study) LAGUNA (2008-2011) successfully concluded ~100 members; 10 Countries 1500 pages report Full studies for 7 sites, different baselines (130 →2300 km) Wide coverage of all aspects of geological, environmental, engineering etc. issues Strong links with industrial partners Study of 3 technologies (Water Cherenkov (WC), liquid argon (LAr), liquid scintillator (LSc)) LAGUNA outcomes and physics allowed good consensus in down- 3 selecting among (7×3 + combinations) options
Introduction to LAGUNA-LBNO Summary LAGUNA‐LBNO (Long Baseline Neutrino Oscillations): EC FP7- funded consortium 2011 – 2014 ~300 Members; 14 countries Prioritizing the LBL neutrino oscillation had an influence on the site down-selection and detector technology prioritisation. New focus items: neutrino LBL, incremental approach Proton decay, cosmic neutrinos programme as before As a consequence for LAGUNA: 1st priority: LAr, LSc at the longest baseline (2300km @ Pyhäsalmi), high energy wide band beam (neutrinos >1 GeV) 2nd priority: WCD at the shortest long baseline (130km @ LSM Frejus), low energy beam (neutrinos < 1 GeV) Re-optimize LBL strategy in view of T2K/Daya Bay and other recent results and averages on θ 13 4
LAGUNA-LBNO consortium Summary 14 Countries, 47 Institutions, ~300 members France CERN Romania CEA IFIN-HN CNRS-IN2P3 Spain Univ.e Bucharest Sofregaz * LSC UA Madrid Japan Germany CSIC/IFIC KEK TU Munich ACCIONA * University Hamburg Russia Switzerland Max-Planck- United Kingdom INR University Bern Gesellschaft Imperial College PNPI University Geneva Aachen Durham ETH-Zürich University Tubingen Oxford Italy (coordinator) QMUL AGT* Lombardi Enginnering * Poland Liverpool IFJ PAN Sheffield Denmark Finland IPJ Sussex Aahrus University Jyväskylä University Silesia RAL University Helsinky Wroklaw UT Warwick University Oulu KGHM CUPRUM * Technodyne Ltd * Rockplan Oy Ltd * Alan Auld Ltd * 5 Greece Ryhal Engineering * (*industrial partners) Demokritos
LAGUNA-LBNO Main Physics Goals Summary Long baseline neutrino oscillations: Appearance ν µ → ν e , ν µ → ν τ and disappearance ν µ → ν µ , neutral currents Separately for ν and ν Measure 1st and 2nd oscillation maxima → break params degeneracy Direct observation of the energy dependence of the oscillation probabilities induced by matter effects and CP-phase terms, for ν and ν Direct determination of neutrino mass hierarchy (MH) and leptonic CPV Break parameter degeneracy between MH and CP phase (E ν coverage and large L) Nucleon decay searches - unique probe for BSM up to the GUT Atmospheric neutrino detection Oscillation measurements and Earth spectroscopy Astrophysical neutrino detection Galactic supernova burst Search for unknown sources of neutrinos (e.g. DM annihilation) First very long baseline experiments, towards the neutrino factory (NF) Optimized distance of 2300km is also optimal for NF and large θ 13 6
The LBNO Experimental Requirements Summary Beam Fully exploit long baseline neutrino pattern Perform L/E analysis over large energy range (1st and 2nd maxima) Wide Band Beam (WBB) 2nd max ≥ 0.5 GeV ⇒ L ≥ 1000 Km E ν Detector Better signal efficiency and background rejection with a comparable mass 20kton fine sampling tracking device and magnetized muon detector 7 ρ = traversed matter density in the constant density approximation. Laguna-LBNO EoI
CERN-Pyhäsalmi: spectral info ν µ → ν e Summary Laguna-LBNO EoI 8
CERN-Pyhäsalmi: spectral info ν µ → ν e Summary Laguna-LBNO EoI 9 → very clear signature for MH !
Neutrino Beam Requirements Summary Requirements: Medium energy to cover at E ν ≈ 3 GeV (1st maximum) Horn focussed, wide band to cover 1st and 2nd maximum Small tail at high energy Positive and negative focus ( ν and ν beams) High beam power (starting at 700 kW) Point to Pyhäsalmi (10 deg dip angle, distance 2300 km) Muon monitors Near neutrino detector Submitted to CERN an Expression of Interest (EoI) for a very long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment (~230 authors, 51 institutes) to engage in a collaborative effort to prepare a full engineering design of the CN2PY beam. http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/1457543 Assumptions in the EoI and plots in this talk: (0.8-1.3)×10 20 POT/year depending on the "sharing" with other fixed target programmes 10 (compared to CNGS 4.5×10 19 POT/year)
CERN ν -beam to Pyhäsalmi: CN2PY Summary CN2PY beam: Phase 1: use the proton beam extracted beam from SPS 400 GeV, max 7.0 × 10 13 protons every 6 sec, ≈770 kW nominal beam ● power, 10 μs pulse Phase 2: use the proton beam from the new HP-PS 50(30) GeV, 1.33 Hz, 1.9 × 10 14 ppp, 2 MW nominal beam power, 4 μs ● pulse Requirements – layout: Use the same secondary beam elements for both beams sufficient shielding to contain the produced radiation ● – including muons, water and soil activation target and focusing elements (horns) with similar parameters ● – same layout or allow variations already from the design phase – don’t have to be identical since anyhow are to be exchangeable Use the same beam decay volume, dump and near detector deposited energy in target, shielding and dump would be × 2.7 higher ● for the Phase-II beam 11
CERN ν -beam to Pyhäsalmi: CN2PY Summary CN2PY initial beam parameters: ‣ 400 GeV protons from SPS ‣ SPS Extraction: Fast extraction preferred, ● Fast-slow option (~ms) also ● acceptable Possibilities: ● Use existing fast extraction for ● LHC - TI2 beam line in LSS6 Use existing slow extraction ● for North Area in LSS2 ‣ Survey info: CERN (TCC2 target station -NA) ● 46°15'26.27"N, 6° 3'8.19"E CN2PY layout consideration: Inmet Mine (Finland): ● ‣ Design guidelines from our experience in 63°39'30.92"N, 26° 2'47.65"E CNGS and other ν-beam lines (T2K, NuMI) distance: 2296 km ● ‣ Several issues being investigated, e.g.: dip angle : 10.4 deg, 181 mrad ● Depth and slope of the installations ● Proton beam ● 12 Targe station requirements, etc. ●
Near Detector and Hadron Production Summary Aim: systematic errors for signal and backgrounds in the far detectors below ±5%, possibly at the level of ±2% → control of fluxes, cross-sections, efficiencies,etc. Hadron-production measurements Design: 10 bar gas argon-mixture with thin or replica target are really surrounded by scintillator bar tracker crucial for precision neutrino embedded in an instrumented magnet experiments (e.g. K2K, T2K, with field 0.5T. MINOS). 270 kg argon mass, of which ~100kg CERN NA61 acceptance study for fiducial 400 GeV incident protons 0.2 event/spill @700kW O(100'000) events/year Precision neutrino cross-section measurements: e.g. MINERVA, T2K- 13 ND280, also nuSTORM (FNAL LoI)
Flux Optimization Summary Maximize two conditions: (1) event rate at first maximum and (2) ratio of 2nd/1st maximum flux Work in progress A. Rubbia 14
The Pyhäsalmi Far Site Location Summary Pyhäjärvi (Holy Lake), 450 km north of Helsinki and 150 km south of Oulu Oldest operating metal mine in Finland and deepest in Europe The hard and very old bedrock of Finland provides one of the best locations to dig very large and deep caverns for the LAGUNA detectors. A small cosmic ray experiment (EMMA) is already located in the mine. 15
The Pyhäsalmi Far Site Location Summary Chosen as several optimal conditions are satisfied simultaneously: Infrastructure in perfect state b/c of current exploitation of the mine Unique assets available (shafts, services, ventilation, water pumping station, pipes for liquids...) Very little environmental water Could be dedicated to science activities after around 2018 One of the deepest location in Europe (4000 m.w.e.) The distance from CERN (2300 km) offers unique long baseline opportunities. It is 1160km from Protvino. Lowest reactor neutrino 16 background in Europe.
Neutrino from CERN to Pyhäsalmi Summary Distance CERN-Pyhäsalmi = 2288 km Deepest point = 103.8 km Abundant geophysical data about crust and upper mantle available Densities = 2.4÷3.4 g/cm 3 Remaining uncertainty has small effect on neutrino oscillations (assumed equivalent to ±4% global change in matter density) 17
LBNO Layout at Pyhäsalmi Summary Available space for 2x50 kton LAr + 50 kton LSc 879000 m 3 excavation Design to be finalized within LAGUNA- LBNO by 2014 18
LBNO Tentative Layout Summary Fiducial mass at least equal to that of SuperK (≈20kton) Clean neutrino detection in the energy range 0.5<E ν <10 GeV ( ➞ multi‐prong events, not only QE) Fine granularity for clean ν μ → ν e appearance signal Neutrino energy resolution Δ E ν /E ν < 10% to observe L/E Full kinematical reconstruction, e.g. for ν μ → ν τ 4 π acceptance for all tracks and neutrals Charge and momentum determination for muons, to e.g. study ν μ / ν μ Liquid argon TPC (GLACIER) complemented by magnetized iron detector (MIND) 19
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