J ournal of Engineering and Development, Vol. 19, No.1, J anuary 2015, ISSN 1813- 7822 3D Presentation for Baghdad University Buildings Using Total Station Device Lecturer Dr. Athraa Hashim Mohammed Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Baghdad University athraram2004@yahoo.com Asst. Lecturer Amal Mahdi Ali Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Baghdad University amal.mahdi09@yahoo.com Abstract Many instruments and systems are available for engineering surveys. The total stations are capable of the measuring with a high degree of precision in a single instrument. Total stations device are used for station setting up, setting-out many points from one station. Their major purpose of this work is to take advantage of total station for setting up building and to establish 3D representation using AutoCAD program. The area of the study was Civil Engineering Department at Baghdad University campus AL Jadiriyah. The completion of the work is done in two stages; 1. The field work: In this stage, the Total Station Nikon Nivo-5C was selected for the current study. This device was measured horizontal and vertical distance, elevations, and coordinates from a single set up. This data directly stored on memory. 2. The office work: In this stage, AutoCAD program is adopted for design and establish 3D representation of the building to be completely faster and easier. Finally, AutoCAD models provided the basic building information such as boundaries, dimensions and positions. This method is used for construction surveys, designer works and other users. Keywords: Total station, AutoCAD, setting up, 3D, building, positions 195
J ournal of Engineering and Development, Vol. 19, No.1, J anuary 2015, ISSN 1813- 7822 ﯾﺎﻧﺑﻟ دﺎﻌﺑﻷا ﻲﺛﻼﺛ لﯾﺛﻣﺗ دادﻐﺑ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻲﻓ ﺔ / ﯾردﺎﺟﻟا ﻊﻣﺟﻣﮫ م . د . ﻢﺷﺎھ ءارﺬﻋﺪﻤﺤﻣ م . م . ﻲﻠﻋ يﺪﮭﻣ لﺎﻣأ ﺔﯿﻧﺪﻤﻟا ﺔﺳﺪﻨﮭﻟا ﻢﺴﻗ / داﺪﻐﺑ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺔﯿﻧﺪﻤﻟا ﺔﺳﺪﻨھ ﻢﺴﻗ / داﺪﻐﺑ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺔﺻﻼﺧﻟا : لﺎﻤﻋﻸﻟ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗ ةﺰﮭﺟﻷا ﻦﻣ ﺪﯾﺪﻌﻟا كﺎﻨھ تﺎ ﺳﺎﯿﻗ ﺮﻓﻮ ﯾ ﺚ ﯿﺣ ﺔ ﻠﻣﺎﻜﺘﻤﻟا ﺪ ﺻﺮﻟا ﺔ ﻄﺤﻣ زﺎ ﮭﺟ نﻵا ﺎ ﮭﻨﻣو ﺔﯿﺣﺎ ﺴﻤﻟا ﺪﺣاو زﺎﮭﺟ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎﺑ تﺎﯿﻧﺎﻜﻣﻹا ﻦﻣ ﺪﯾﺪﻌﻟاو ﺔﻘﯿﻗد . ﻦ ﻣ ﺪ ﯾﺪﻌﻟا ﻊ ﻓر ﻞ ﺜﻣ ﺔﯿﺣﺎﺴﻤﻟا لﺎﻤﻋﻷا ﺔﻓﺎﻜﺑ مﺎﯿﻘﻠﻟ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ زﺎﮭﺠﻟا اﺬھو ةﺪﺣاو ﺔﻄﻘﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﮭﻄﯿﻘﺴﺗ وأ ﺎﮭﻌﯿﻗﻮﺗو طﺎﻘﻨﻟا . ﻲﻓ زﺎﮭﺠﻟا اﺬھ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا ﻦﻣ ﻲﺳﺎﺳﻷا ضﺮﻐﻟا ﻦ ﻣ ةﺪﺋﺎﻔﻟا ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺘﻟ ﻮھ ﺎﻨﻠﻤﻋ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟا ﮫﻟ ﻊﺟﺮﯾ ﻞﯾدﻮﻤﺑ ﺎﮭﻠﯿﺜﻤﺗو ثﻼﺜﻟا ﺎھدﺎﻌﺑﺄﺑ تﺎﯾﺎﻨﺒﻟا ﻞﯿﺜﻤﺘﻟ ﮫﻣاﺪﺨﺘﺳا . ﺔ ﯿﻧﺪﻤﻟا ﺔ ﺳﺪﻨﮭﻟا ﻢ ﺴﻗ ﻮھ ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺔﯾردﺎﺠﻟا ﻊﻤﺠﻣ ﻲﻓ داﺪﻐﺑ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ . ﻦﯿﺘﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا ﺬﯿﻔﻨﺗ ﻢﺘﯾ : ١ . ﻲﻠﻘﺤﻟا ﻞﻤﻌﻟا . طﺎﻘﻨﻟا تﺎﯿﺛاﺪﺣ إ و ، تﺎﻓﺎﺴﻤﻟا ،ﺐ ﯿﺳﺎﻨﻤﻟا ﺲ ﯿﻘﯾ زﺎﮭﺠﻟا . اﺬﮭﻟ ﺎﻨﻣاﺪﺨﺘﺳا ةﺰﯿﻣ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟا زﺎﮭﺠﻟا Nikon Nivo5C ةﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﺎﮭﻟﺎﺧد إ ﺪﻌﺑ ةﺮ ﻛ اﺬﻟا ﻲﻓ تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻟا نﺰﺨﯾ ﺚﯿﺣ مﺎ ﻈ ﻨﺑ ﻞﻤﻌﯾ ﮫﻧﻷ ةﺰﮭﺟﻷا ﺔﯿﻘﺑ ﻦﻋ ه ﺮﯿ ﻏ زﺎﮭﺠﻟا Windows ﺲﻛ ﺎﻋ نوﺪﺑو ﺲﻛ ﺎﻌﺑ ﻞﻤﻌﯾ ﮫﻧﻷو ﺔﯿﻤﻗر ةرﻮ ﺼ ﺑ . ع ﺮﺳأو ﻞﮭﺳأ ﻞﻜ ﺸ ﺑو . ﺎﻨﻨﻜﻤﯾ ﺔﯿﻠﻋ ﻞ ﺼ ﺤﻧ يﺬﻟا ج ذﻮﻤﻨﻟا ٢ . ﺔﯿﺒﺘﻜﻤﻟا تﺎﺑﺎﺴﺤﻟا : ﻞﯿﺜﻤﺘﻟ دﺎ ﻛ ﻮﺗوﻷا ﺞ ﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺔﯾﺎﻨﺒﻟا 3D ﻞﯿﺻﺎﻔﺘﻟا ﺔﻓﺎ ﻛ ﻞﯿﺠﺴﺘﺑ ﻊﺟﺮﻣ ه رﺎﺒﺘﻋا ﻦﻣ . ةرﻮ ﺼ ﺑ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﻣ يﻷو ﻢﻤ ﺼ ﻤﻟاو ﻲﺋﺎ ﺸ ﻧﻹا س ﺪﻨﮭﻤﻟا ﺎﻨﺗﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﻦﻣ دﺎﻔﺘﺴﯾ ﺔﻣﺎﻋ . 1. Introduction Traditionally, theodolites, levels and tapes are still used on site. The visible outputs have usually been via the medium of drawn topographic plans. The users had manually investigated these plans for their required purposes [1] . Many instruments and systems are now available for engineering surveys. The total stations are capable of measuring angles and distances with a high degree of precision in a single instrument and reading all measurements digitally. The angles and distances may be used to calculate the coordinates of actual positions (Northing, Easting and Elevation) of surveyed points, or the position of the instrument from known points, in absolute terms. The data may be downloaded to an external computer and application software will generate a map of the surveyed area [2] . 2. Total Station Device Total station is an electronic/optical instrument used in modern surveying. It is designed for measuring of distances, locations of any point, horizontal and vertical angles and 196
J ournal of Engineering and Development, Vol. 19, No.1, J anuary 2015, ISSN 1813- 7822 elevations in topographic and geodetic works. As shown in Figuer.(1) [3] . A total station is a theodolite and an electronic distance meter (EDM). If it is not located over the known location, then a minimum of two known locations are needed in order to be able to calculate the exact position of the total station. By using this instrument, the surveyor is able to do their job quickly [4] . Fig .(1) Geometry of Total Station Device. 2.1 Advantages of Total Station Surveying • Relatively quick collection of information • Easy to perform distance and horizontal measurements with simultaneous calculation of project coordinates (Northings, Eastings, and Elevations). • Layout of construction site quickly and efficiently. • Digital design data from CAD programs can be uploaded to data collector. • Daily survey information can also be quickly downloaded into CAD which eliminates data manipulation time required using conventional survey techniques [5] . 2.2 Detail Survey (Locating Position) This method will most probably be: (a) by distance and bearing method using a total station. (b) by GPS using kinematic methods. Considering method (a). As shown in Figure. (2) , a total station would be set up over a control point whose coordinates are known as ‘ a ’ , and back-sighted to another control point ‘ b ’ whose coordinates are also known. Depending on the software on board, the coordinates may be keyed into the total station. Alternatively, the bearing of the line ‘ ab ’ , computed from 197
J ournal of Engineering and Development, Vol. 19, No.1, J anuary 2015, ISSN 1813- 7822 the coordinates, may be keyed in. Assuming the topographic position of a road is required, the total station would be sighted to a corner cube prism fixed to a detail pole held vertically at (P1), the edge of the road. As shown in Figure. (2) .This process is repeated for the remaining points defining the road edge and any other topographic data within range of the total station [6] . Fig .(2) Detailing by Distance and Bearing Method. 2.3 Mapping and Setting Out The purpose of this stag is to locate the boundaries of the works in their correct position on the ground surface and to define the major elements. In order to do this, two control points must be established on or near the site. Total Stations offer many advantages for almost all types of surveying. They are used for topographic, Hydrographic, cadastral, project and construction surveys [ ٤ ] . 2.4 Base Lines A baseline is a line running between two points of a known position. Baselines can be simply two specified points joined; they can run between two buildings, they can mark the boundary with an existing building/development or they can mark the center line for a new road [6] . A baseline is suitable for small sites where referencing back to the baseline for all the works is possible. In the example, point A of building X is set out by taping dimensions 1 and 2 from the baseline and point B is set out by taping dimensions 3 and 4. As shown in Figure.(3) . The dimension A B is then checked against that required. The remainder of the building can be set out from the base line [6] . 198
J ournal of Engineering and Development, Vol. 19, No.1, J anuary 2015, ISSN 1813- 7822 Fig. (3) Baseline with Buildings. 3. Experimental Work The main task of this study is to introduce the total station technique and AutoCAD software for representation 3D buildings. The area of the study was Civil Engineering Department at Baghdad University campus AL-Jadiriyah. As shown in Figure.(4). Fig .(4) Satellite Image of the Study Area (Google), 2014. 3.1 The Field Work Survey data collected quickly, accurately and efficiently in the field using Total Station. The Total Station Nikon Nivo-5C was selected for the current study [ ٧ ] . Horizontal and vertical distance components, elevations, and coordinates were computed and displayed the results on a digital screen. Because the coordinates of the occupied station 199
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