29-30 June 2015 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia P RESENTATION O UTLINE - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

29-30 June 2015 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

P RESENTATION O UTLINE Introduction to PWP • ILO’s involvement • International experience in PWP • Favourable Conditions for PWP • Main Challenges • Conclusions • Examples of recent innovations – Pictorial •

I NTRODUCTION  EI-PWP is an approach that uses a combination of optimum labour force and equipment to create or maintain infrastructure asset in a manner that is:  Technically and economically feasible  socially responsible and  environmentally sustainable .  The main features of the EI-PWP approach are:  The use of optimum mix of labour and equipment, i.e., maximize employment opportunities  Increased use of local resources  Develop local entrepreneurship

I NTRODUCTION …/2  Provide technical, managerial and business skills for youth and other target beneficiaries  Increased involvement of the private sector in infrastructure delivery (particularly rural roads)  Foster research and development- innovation in terms of:  technology choice,  use of local materials,  work organization,  funding,  procurement of works and services, etc.  Systematic/smart use of scarce resources

T YPES OF PWP  Rural and urban infrastructure development  Construction and maintenance of LVSR  Buildings construction & mtce: health, education, markets, community halls, administrative services, etc.  Water and sanitation works  Urban low-income settlements  Environmental programmes including climate change adaption works,  slope protection, terracing, afforestation, flood protection, climate proofing of assets, etc.  Disaster relief and reconstruction  Agricultural works  Irrigation, water harvesting units and earth dams

I NTRODUCTION ../3  Infrastructure development can stimulate growth and be a catalyst for social stability through:  creating & maintaining assets  creating employment & enhancing social protection  injecting the most needed cash & stimulating local economy  creating skills learning opportunities, etc.  Many countries around the world implement PWP to achieve various objectives, i.e., jobs creation, prevent social unrest, disaster relief & reconstruction, address historical imbalances, jumpstarting their economies, etc.  EI-PWP is being widely implemented in Africa since the early 1970s with significant positive impacts

ILO’ S I NVOLVEMENT  The ILO has been involved in promoting the EI approach over that past three decades  The entry point for the ILO is promoting Decent Work for all  Decent Work : a Work that is carried out in a safe physical environment & with respect to the rights of workers within the ambits of the national laws and international conventions.  Main strategy : mainstreaming Right-Based Approach in the infrastructure delivery, meaning recognizing:  Complementarity of Process & Outcome of development programmes / projects  Roles of the Claim Holders & Duty Bearers

I NTERNATIONAL E XPERIENCE ON PWP  PWP in developed and developing countries

C HINA  Labour-based rural Roads Programme in China aimed at employment creation and stimulating the local economy  Used cobblestone pavement to provide all weather access to remote rural areas  In Yunnan Province alone over 5,000 km or roads have been paved using this technique Yuanjiang – Wadie Rural Access Road

C HINA – R URAL R OADS P ROGRAMME Yuanjiang – Wadie Rural Access Road

I NDIA Rural Road Connectivity Programme  The Government of India launched the Programme on 25 th Dec 2000 to improve road connectivity in rural areas with the aim of improving the livelihood of the rural community and jumpstart the local economy.  Target was to provide connectivity to every habitation with more that 500 persons (250 in hilly and desert area).  Locally funded and implemented by the various state governments using EI methods  Under the programme some 160,000 unconnected settlements were provided with all weather (black top) roads at an estimated cost of $13 billion. National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005  Social security measure that aims to guarantee the 'right to work‘ – 100 days

S OUTH A FRICA - EPWP  A nationwide programme which makes systematic use of public expenditure to:  boost productive employment  develop marketable skills of targeted groups-youth  Through these contribute towards the national goal of alleviating poverty.  Gvt bodies are required to allocate significant portion of their annual budget for employment creation and technical and life skills training .  EPWP is implemented in phases – 2 completed  Phase one: target was to create 1million jobs, which was achieve one year ahead of time with overall budget outlay of 15 bn rand.  Phase 2: target was to create 4,5 million and created 4 million jobs in five years  Phase 3: on-going since April 2014  EPWP is implemented in four sectors and none-state sector involving community, NGO and CBOs.

E THIOPIA  URRAP:  Ethiopia made a policy decision in 2011/12 to implement a national programme aimed at linking 18,000 kebeles (wards)  72,000 km all-weather roads using EI technology. With estimated budget outlay of Birr 40 bn (about $2 bn) own funding  Cobblestone projects: ~ 100,000 employed in Addis  Urban housing development:  Youth trained on various competencies in five grades/levels. 18 competencies at Level one only  Youth Organized in business groups and linked to urban housing and transport infrastructure dev programmes

E THIOPIA ../2  The main objectives of the urban housing programme are: 1) solve severe housing problem in the cities, 2) create the most needed employment, 3) change the landscape of the city in to a modern living, 4) create opportunities and build local construction industry, 5) inculcate the culture of saving, and 6) through the above build the capacity of the city in handling huge development programmes.

L OW C OST H OUSING P ROJECT - Y EKA A BADO 15

K ENYA  EI-PWP is widely implemented in the road sub- sector since the early 1970s. These include:  Rural Access Roads programme (1970s)  Minor Roads programme (1980s), and  Roads 2000 programme (since early 1990’s) creating One million P/D annually – SP-2  Introduced RMLF – maintenance funding mechanism (including funding for Training)  Developed about 1,500 SS contractors  Community participation at all levels of project cycle  Kazi Kua Vijana: after 2007/8 post election violence  Ring fenced 30% Gov budget: for the procurement of works, services and goods for youth

Z AMBIA  MoTWSC is implementing Youth Empowerment and Job Creation programme in the transport and construction sectors  The programme is part of Gov affirmative action targeting youth & other vulnerable groups  Aimed at addressing the rampant unemployment and non/limited participation of local entrepreneurs in the construction industry  The main objectives of the programme are: 1. Creating jobs in the transport and construction sector: Target 20,000 jobs in 2 years 2. Youth empowerment and building capacities of the local contractors

Z AMBIA ../2  Main Strategies  Organize the youth into business cooperatives and link them to technical institutions – as contractors.  Transform (partly) technical/skills training institutions in to intermediary business service providers.  The youth cooperatives registered under the National Council for Construction.  Provinces will mandatorily contract out low-risk works to the cooperatives in their respective province.  Gov. ring-fences a min 20% of cost of infrastructure projects for sub-contracting to local contractors & youth.  Establish youth owned mechanical shops/garages in to serve gov institutions – youth trained in automotive engineering and mechanics

O THERS  Malaysia’s low unemployment rates in the 1990’s (averaged 2.9% between 1995-1999) was partly attributed to massive public works projects including:  building of low cost housing and  substantial investment in education and training.  In S. Korea, massive public works projects were used whenever the unemployment problem was severe and government’s legitimacy was under threat.

 Strategies most developed countries used during the 2007/8 economic crises were also typical examples of the use of Public investment on infrastructure :  to create most needed employment, and  jumpstart the economy which was in a brink of recession.

W HY IS PWP A TARGET ?  The choice of public works to drive employment is premised on the following facts: Public infrastructure consumes huge investment  which can be used to boost social protection PWP relatively easy to organize and yield immediate  and visible results. Unemployment & Poverty (social distress) threatens  peace, stability & democratic processes of a country Social justice is a prerequisite for sustainable  development. Competing demands for the limited resources, and  Government is the last resort protector and provider 