FUNCTIONAL CENTRE – SEISMIC RISK SECTOR Seismometric network ground motion parameters (event INGV INGV localization, magnitudo) to start SIGE THE MAIN ACTIVITIES OF RAN RAN Strong motion network THE OFFICE AND Strong motion data to produce OF THE RELATED shake maps COMPETENCE CENTRES AR E 9 8 7 1 1 1 0 1 4 1 3 MONITORED 6 5 4 1 2 3 2 1 Structure monitoring system OSS OSS AND network for damage evaluation SYNTHESISED IN THE FUNCTIONAL Expected structural damage CENTRE TO Expected number of casualties SIGE SIGE SUPPORT Economic loss evaluation DECISIONS DURING THE Macroseismic survey THREE PHASES Technical Technical Damage survey and safety Teams Teams assessment
COMPETENCE CENTRES OF DPC • INGV (Seismic surveillance, Seismological research projects, Emergency technical support) • ReLUIS (Earthquake engineering research projects, Emergency technical support) • EUCENTRE (Earthquake engineering research projects, Emergency technical support)
OUTLINE 1.Premise 2. Organization of the Italian CP System 3. CP scopes and activities 4. Research projects with CP objectives 5. Conclusion
PHASES, OBJECTIVES AND ACTIVITIES Three phases are envisaged during in which the Civil Protection must operate effectively, with the capability of managing each phase for the specific needs: • PHASE 1 – PRE-EVENT (PEACE TIME) • PHASE 2 – EVENT (EMERGENCY) • PHASE 3 – POST-EVENT (RECOVERING)
PHASE 1: PRE – EVENT (PEACE TIME) When : always, but less intensively when some event occurs Objectives : Reduction of the seismic risk through: − Improvement of the antiseismic standard of new constructions, infrastructures and plants. − Reduction of the vulnerability of existing modern and historical structures, infrastructure and plants. − Razionalisation of the use of the territory and redistribution in relation to the basic seismicity, the local amplification and the coseismic effects. − Preparation of phases 2 and 3 activities − Improvement of the population awareness and preparedness to seismic events
PHASE 2: EVENT (EMERGENCY) When : at the occurrence of an earthquake, from the time of the event up to some weeks or months after (depending on the intensity). Objectives : Rapid collection of information on the event, including all seismological, engineering, economical and social issues, in order to: - optimise emergency operations, - plan the re-construction actions, - generally improve knowledge - promote research activities.
PHASE 3: POST- EVENT (RECOVERING) When: after an earthquake, from some days up to some months after the event. Objectives: Setting up and monitoring the re-construction activities for an effective management aimed to: - limit the population disease (recovering time), - optimise fund allocation and distribution for the reconstruction.
SEI SMI C PREVENTI ON Significant innovation and action programs for seismic risk reduction are usually introduced just after destructive earthquakes, when society is devastated and the risk is highly perceived.
SEI SMI C PREVENTI ON 31st of october 2002: San Giuliano Earthquake Ordinance PCM n. 3274 PCM n. 3274 - - 20 march 2003 20 march 2003 Ordinance First elements elements on general on general criteria criteria for for the the seismic seismic First classification of the National of the National Territory Territory and and Technical Technical classification norms for for the the structures structures in in seismic seismic areas areas norms Immediate and integrated integrated response response to to the the needs needs of of updating updating Immediate and two fundamental fundamental normative normative tools tools for for seismic seismic risk risk mitigation mitigation two and introduce a new one for for existing existing constructions constructions: : and introduce a new one SEISMIC CLASSIFICATION � � 70% of the 1. SEISMIC CLASSIFICATION 70% of the territory territory in in 1. medium- -to to- -high high seismicity seismicity areas areas (vs. (vs. previous previous 45%) 45%) medium � new SEISMIC CODE � 2. SEISMIC CODE new standards standards harmonised harmonised with with EC8 EC8 2. 3. SEISMIC ASSESSMENT of public buildings buildings and and 3. SEISMIC ASSESSMENT of public infrastructures infrastructures
SEI SMI C ZONATI ON AND SEI SMI C CODES I N I TALY 1908 � After Messina earthquake (83,000 cas., Ms=7.3) the first seismic zonation and building seismic code were issued. 1980 � Irpinia earthquake (3000 casualties, Ms= 6.9): a new zonation based on a consistent probabilistic approach was enforced, 1909 1975 1981- -84 84 1909 1975 1981
I MPLEMENTED ACTI ONS: SEI SMI C ZONI NG New seismic zoning and building code Working group set up by the Civil Protection Department NSS processing 2003 high seismicity middle seismicity 2003 1984 low seismicity very low seismicity
SEI SMI C I TALI AN CODES Until 2003 the Italian seismic code remained unclear in its basic scopes. A behavior factor of about 4-6 was implicitly assumed for most structural types, without enforcing adequate detailing. The ductility concept was not explicitly reported in the code. Few information was given about assessing, upgrading or retrofitting existing buildings
I MPLEMENTED ACTI ONS: SEI SMI C CODE � Seismic action expressed by elastic response spectra with defined probability of exceedance; � Effects of soil amplification; � Expected performances of the structure; � Influence of structure characteristics, like geometry, regularity and constructive rules, on ductility; � Influence of ductility on the design action; � Rules to consider fragile and ductile components; � Rules of capacity design; � Seismic isolation and energy dissipation; � Both linear and non linear analysis allowed; � Proper attention devoted to existing buildings.
I MPLEMENTED ACTI ONS: SEI SMI C ASSESSMENT The recognition of the safety state of important structures has been started to be concluded in 5 years ( art.2 comma 3 OPCM 3274/2003 ) � deadline recently extended to 2010 1) Buildings and infrastructural Town halls, Hospitals MUNICIPIO contructions of strategical importance, whose operability Headquarters during and after seismic events is fundamental the civil protection scopes. Bridges Churches 2) Buildings and infrastructural constructions which Schools can assume great importance in relation to the consequences of their collapse
I MPLEMENTED ACTI ONS: SEI SMI C ASSESSMENT ORDER OF MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM 7 5 .0 0 0 buildings, 3 5 .0 0 0 of w hich in zones 1 and 2 Seismic zone Zona sismica (2003) 1 2 3 4 Population Aliquota di popolazione. 5.3% 35.4% 25.7% 33.6% Use (Volume millions of m 3 ) Destinazione d’uso (Volumi stimati (milioni di m 3 )) Education Istruzione 20.5 130.0 94.9 123.6 Civil use Civile 9.4 49.8 36.8 47.4 Public Health Sanità 4.9 24.9 18.5 23.8 I nfrastructures and lifelines, com m ercial and industrial buildings should be added to the above estim ates
I MPLEMENTED ACTI ONS: SEI SMI C ASSESSMENT Almost 7000 seismic safety verifications and more than 200 retrofitting interventions have been funded until now, since 2004. Though significant, these figures represent only a small part of the strategic and relevant constructions potentially involved in this process. About 42.000 public schools exist in Italy and their retrofitting costs are of the order of several billions of euros. An initial program has been funded with about 500 million euros to upgrade or retrofit the most risky schools.
I MPLEMENTED ACTI ONS: MI CROZONATI ON GUI DELI NES Synthesis and exploitation of the experiences DPC and Regions created a Working Group with the to produce Guidelines for Seismic Microzonation in: • Urban planning, • Emergency planning • Seismic design Modular approach: • level 1 homogeneous microzones (qualitative), • (quantitative) level 2 “ “ • level 3 level 2 + local in depth investigations
“Building a culture of prevention is not easy. While the costs of prevention have to be paid in the present, its benefits lie in a distant future. Moreover, the benefits are not tangible; THEY ARE THE DISASTERS THAT DID NOT HAPPEN. " UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan: "Introduction to Secretary-General's Annual Report on the Work of the Organization of United Nations, 1999" (document A/54/1)
SEISMIC PREVENTION : AWARENESS CAMPAIGNS STUDIES AND TRAINING
I NFORMATI ON ACTI VI TI ES Awareness Campaigns Informing people on risk and prevention, by describing the behaviour to adopt in case of earthquake.
I NFORMATI ON ACTI VI TI ES Recovering historic memory 1919 Mugello 1919 Mugello 1883 Ischia 1883 Ischia Historical research 1915 Avezzano 1915 Avezzano on the strongest Italian earthquakes 1930 Alta Irpinia 1930 Alta Irpinia
I NFORMATI ON ACTI VI TI ES Education to risk Divulgation tools on earthquake, seismic risk and prevention (books, multimedia, leaflets, exhibitions)
I NFORMATI ON ACTI VI TI ES Edurisk Project (DPC-INGV) 8 – 10 anni 4 – 7 years For primary and secondary school 11 – 13 years
TRAVELING EXHIBITION EARTHQUAKES OF ITALY FOLIGNO MESSINA FOLIGNO MESSINA 26 September September 28 December December 26 28 2007 2008 2007 2008
SEI SMI C SI MULATORS
LARGE SCREEN W I TH SCI ENTI FI C HI NTS Cosa è una scossa di terremoto ? E' un improvviso e rapido scuotimento della crosta terrestre provocato dai movimenti delle zolle o placche in cui è suddiviso l'involucro esterno della Terra (litosfera). Faglia diretta Epicentro Faglia inversa Ipocentro Faglia trascorrente Quando lo sforzo a cui sono sottoposte le rocce, a seguito dei movimenti delle zolle, supera il loro limite di resistenza, esse si rompono lungo superfici chiamate faglie . L'energia accumulata, prima della rottura, si libera sotto forma di onde sismiche che si propagano in tutte le direzioni dalla zona origine, in profondità, fino sulla superficie (come quando si lancia un sasso nello stagno). Il terremoto, come l'attività vulcanica, e' la manifestazione della continua trasformazione ed evoluzione del nostro pianeta.
SEI SMI C DEVI CE EXHI BI TI ON
OLD FI LMS ON PAST EARTHQUAKES
COVERS OF OLD MAGAZI NES
FI RST PAGE OF NEW SPAPERS
SEI SMI C MONI TORI NG DEMOS
LABORATORY FOR CHI LDREN
MODERN ART MASTERPI ECES
APHORI SMS AND POSTCARDS “After all, it is not the Nature that has piled up twenty thousand houses of six- seven stories there ” (J.J. Rousseau, 1756 after the earthquake of Lisbon)
SIMULATION EXERCISE: EUROSOT October 13-14, 2005 European exercise on a strong earthquake in Italy, involving five countries. Scope: testing the capacity of the Italian and European civil protection systems. Scenario earthquake: Magnitude 6.8, South-Eastern Sicily (where a 7.4 Eq occurred in 1693) Two working areas: Seismic Working Area Industrial Working Area Seismic Hazard map 2004
PARTICIPATION OF USAR TEAMS AND EXPERTS France 15 units – 2 K9 Greece 14 units - 1 K9 Portugal 15 units - 3 K9 Sweden 20 units - 2 K9 - military aircraft United Kingdom 16 units
INTERNATIONAL OBSERVERS FROM 22 COUNTRIES Cyprus Latvia Belgium Austria The Netherlands Bulgaria Lithuania Poland Finland Hungary Germany Estonia Jordan Morocco Palestine Lebanon Tunisia Syria Algeria Turkey Egypt Russian Federation
TECHNI CAL MANAGEMENT OF THE EVENT AND POST-EVENT PHASE
POST-EVENT TIMETABLE OF TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES 2’ � EPICENTER AND Collecting and processing MAGNITUDE seismometric network data (INGV) 5’ EVALUATION 15’ SIMULATED DAMAGE SIMULATED DAMAGE Software simulation of the Software simulation of the SCENARIOS AND DATA earthquake impact on constructions, SCENARIOS AND DATA earthquake impact on constructions, � 60’ PROCESSING OF PROCESSING OF Collecting and processing of soil and Collecting and processing of soil and MONITORING SYSTEMS MONITORING SYSTEMS strategic building accelerometric accelerometric data data strategic building 6 h � SITE SURVEYS FOR Site evaluation of Mercalli Mercalli Intensity, Intensity, SITE SURVEYS FOR Site evaluation of MACROSEISMIC AND MACROSEISMIC AND Geological surveys for landslides, Geological surveys for landslides, 150 h COSEISMIC EFFECTS surface faulting and soil liquefaction COSEISMIC EFFECTS surface faulting and soil liquefaction 6 h � TEMPORARY TEMPORARY Installing of temporary soil Installing of temporary soil MONITORING OF SOIL accelerometric stations and stations and MONITORING OF SOIL accelerometric 3 m AND STRUCTURES structure monitoring systems AND STRUCTURES structure monitoring systems 24 h POST – – EARTHQUAKE EARTHQUAKE Building inspections for damage and POST Building inspections for damage and DAMAGE AND SAFETY usability assessment DAMAGE AND SAFETY usability assessment � 6 m ASSESSMENT ASSESSMENT
REAL TIME EARTHQUAKE MONITORING SYSTEM INGV-DPC About 300 stations send data in real time to the INGV-DPC Seismic Monitoring Centre Multisensor Station: Broad Band Seismometer + Accelerometer + GPS
Information to DPC in 2’ max Example M 4.0 First locations after 30” Final after 120-200” ML based on 159 channels
POST-EVENT TIMETABLE OF TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES 2’ � EPICENTER AND Collecting and processing of MAGNITUDE seismometric network data (INGV) 5’ EVALUATION 15’ SIMULATED DAMAGE Software simulation of the SCENARIOS AND DATA earthquake impact on constructions, � 60’ PROCESSING OF Collecting and processing of soil and MONITORING SYSTEMS strategic building accelerometric data 6 h � SITE SURVEYS FOR Site evaluation of Mercalli Mercalli Intensity, Intensity, SITE SURVEYS FOR Site evaluation of MACROSEISMIC AND MACROSEISMIC AND Geological surveys for landslides, Geological surveys for landslides, 150 h COSEISMIC EFFECTS surface faulting and soil liquefaction COSEISMIC EFFECTS surface faulting and soil liquefaction 6 h � TEMPORARY TEMPORARY Installing of temporary soil Installing of temporary soil MONITORING OF SOIL accelerometric stations and stations and MONITORING OF SOIL accelerometric 3 m AND STRUCTURES structure monitoring systems AND STRUCTURES structure monitoring systems 24 h POST – – EARTHQUAKE EARTHQUAKE Building inspections for damage and POST Building inspections for damage and DAMAGE AND SAFETY usability assessment DAMAGE AND SAFETY usability assessment � 6 m ASSESSMENT ASSESSMENT
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT: SIGE - DAMAGE SCENARIOS SIGE - Information System for Emergency Management and simulated scenarios ING seism. network In case of an earthquake, of magnitude 4 or more, an automatic procedure is immediately activated by DPC to produce data, maps, and information SIGE concerning: – Description of the area (anthropic, physical and DPC administrative aspects; characteristics of buildings and infrastructures; monitoring networks) – Vulnerability (building stock, schools, hospitals) Maps and reports – Hazard (seismogenic zones, catalogue, isoseismals, attenuation) Emergency – Preliminary evaluation of damage and losses Management
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT: SIGE - DAMAGE SCENARIOS Summary Summary report for report for the evaluation the evaluation of the impact of the earthquake of the impact of the earthquake, , used used to to activate activate different different levels levels of “ of “alarm alarm” ”, , according according to to the expected the expected seismic seismic damage damage ranked ranked in a 0 in a 0- -5 scale. 5 scale. Definitions in a seismic emergency scale Effects Actions Involved subjects
POST-EVENT TIMETABLE OF TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES 2’ � EPICENTER AND Collecting and processing of MAGNITUDE seismometric network data by INGV 5’ EVALUATION 15’ SIMULATED DAMAGE Software simulation of the SCENARIOS AND DATA earthquake impact on constructions, � 60’ PROCESSING OF Collecting and processing of soil and MONITORING SYSTEMS strategic building accelerometric data 6 h � SITE SURVEYS FOR Site evaluation of Mercalli Mercalli Intensity, Intensity, SITE SURVEYS FOR Site evaluation of MACROSEISMIC AND MACROSEISMIC AND Geological surveys for landslides, Geological surveys for landslides, 150 h COSEISMIC EFFECTS surface faulting and soil liquefaction COSEISMIC EFFECTS surface faulting and soil liquefaction 6 h � TEMPORARY TEMPORARY Installing of temporary soil Installing of temporary soil MONITORING OF SOIL accelerometric stations and stations and MONITORING OF SOIL accelerometric 3 m AND STRUCTURES structure monitoring systems AND STRUCTURES structure monitoring systems 24 h POST – – EARTHQUAKE EARTHQUAKE Building inspections for damage and POST Building inspections for damage and DAMAGE AND SAFETY usability assessment DAMAGE AND SAFETY usability assessment � 6 m ASSESSMENT ASSESSMENT
DPC – STRONG MOTION NETWORK (RAN) 213 digital stations connected via GPRS/GSM 213 digital stations connected via GPRS/GSM 11 remote digital stations 11 remote digital stations 130 scheduled digital stations 130 scheduled digital stations (within 2008) (within 2008) 119 analogic stations are not included 119 analogic stations are not included in the map in the map typical typical arrangement arrangement of a station of a station In the near future: 570 (20 km grid) digital stations connected in real time
DPC - SEISMIC OBSERVATORY OF STRUCTURES (OSS) A permanent monitoring network in selected strategic constructions measures their seismic vibrations, in order to detect their earthquake – induced damage. Central Unit in the DPC headquarters Remote Unit informs Central Unit Central Unit recovers recorded data Sensors Unit Remote Damage Data Processing on the ground Assessment TYPE OF R/C Masonry USE Schools Hospitals Town Hall Others Bridges STRUCTURE buildings buildings % % 51 21 20 8 65 25 10
POST-EVENT TIMETABLE OF TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES 2’ � EPICENTER AND Collecting and processing of MAGNITUDE seismometric network data by INGV 5’ EVALUATION 15’ SIMULATED DAMAGE Software simulation of the SCENARIOS AND DATA earthquake impact on constructions, � 60’ PROCESSING OF Collecting and processing of soil and MONITORING SYSTEMS strategic building accelerometric data 6 h � SITE SURVEYS FOR Site evaluation of Mercalli Intensity, MACROSEISMIC AND Geological surveys for landslides, 150 h COSEISMIC EFFECTS surface faulting and soil liquefaction 6 h � TEMPORARY TEMPORARY Installing of temporary soil Installing of temporary soil MONITORING OF SOIL accelerometric stations and stations and MONITORING OF SOIL accelerometric 3 m AND STRUCTURES structure monitoring systems AND STRUCTURES structure monitoring systems 24 h POST – – EARTHQUAKE EARTHQUAKE Building inspections for damage and POST Building inspections for damage and DAMAGE AND SAFETY usability assessment DAMAGE AND SAFETY usability assessment � 6 m ASSESSMENT ASSESSMENT
MACROSEISMIC SURVEY (QUEST) Technical teams carry out a quick damage survey to Technical teams carry out a quick damage survey to produce a macroseismic map of the territory and identify the produce a macroseismic map of the territory and identify the most affected areas most affected areas Macroseismic map of the Molise earthquake (October 31, 2002, with an Mw 5.7 shock). The earthquake affected an area of about 1700 Kmq with a population of 370,000
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Retaining wall failure Umbria-Marche, Italy, 1997 Technical teams carry out surveys aimed at recognising, mapping and evaluating earthquake effects on the natural environment: • landslides • surface faulting and fracturing Surface faulting • soil liquefactions Irpinia, Italy, 1980
POST-EVENT TIMETABLE OF TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES 2’ � EPICENTER AND Collecting and processing of MAGNITUDE seismometric network data by INGV 5’ EVALUATION 15’ � SIMULATED DAMAGE Software simulation of the SCENARIOS AND DATA earthquake impact on constructions, 60’ PROCESSING OF Collecting and processing of soil and MONITORING SYSTEMS strategic building accelerometric data 6 h � SITE SURVEYS FOR Site evaluation of Mercalli Intensity, MACROSEISMIC AND Geological surveys for landslides, 150 h COSEISMIC EFFECTS surface faulting and soil liquefaction 6 h � TEMPORARY Installing of temporary soil MONITORING OF SOIL accelerometric stations and 3 m AND STRUCTURES structure monitoring systems 24 h POST – – EARTHQUAKE EARTHQUAKE Building inspections for damage and POST Building inspections for damage and DAMAGE AND SAFETY usability assessment DAMAGE AND SAFETY usability assessment � 6 m ASSESSMENT ASSESSMENT
TEMPORARY STRONG MOTION MONITORING In order to increase the amount of strong motion data during the aftershocks, a mobile strong motion network is installed in the epicentral area Serial GPS GPS Serial Modem Modem GSM – serv.SMS GSM – serv.SMS ACCELEROGRAMS Acceleration PEAKS Portable instrument (mobile network)
TEMPORARY MONITORING OF STRUCTURES To keep under control some fundamental strategic buildings in the affected area (hospitals, etc.) and detect any damage due to aftershocks, 10 monitoring systems are installed after an earthquake slave slave The upper floor is monitored with two radio-linked biaxial sensors. surrounding A triaxial is added in the land BUILDING surrounding land. Elaborations are made in local roofing floor master mode and immediately transmitted. visual contact Typical sensor layout for temporary monitoring of buildings
GEODETIC SURVEY Epicentral area LESE GPS measurements for Molise 2002 earthquake. Specialized teams measure crustal deformations associated to large magnitude seismic events, by comparing coordinates and inferring the coseismic deformation field, if GPS data before the event are available. Units from different institutions are coordinated.
POST-EVENT TIMETABLE OF TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES 2’ � EPICENTER AND Collecting and processing of MAGNITUDE seismometric network data by INGV 5’ EVALUATION 15’ SIMULATED DAMAGE Software simulation of the SCENARIOS AND DATA earthquake impact on constructions, � 60’ PROCESSING OF Collecting and processing of soil and MONITORING SYSTEMS strategic building accelerometric data 6 h � SITE SURVEYS FOR Site evaluation of Mercalli Intensity, MACROSEISMIC AND Geological surveys for landslides, 150 h COSEISMIC EFFECTS surface faulting and soil liquefaction 6 h � TEMPORARY Installing of temporary soil MONITORING OF SOIL accelerometric stations and 3 m AND STRUCTURES structure monitoring systems 24 h POST – EARTHQUAKE Building inspections for damage and DAMAGE AND SAFETY usability assessment. � 6 m ASSESSMENT Temporary houses.
POST-EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE/USABILITY ASSESSMENT USABILITY Post-earthquake usability evaluation is a quick and temporarily limited assessment, based on expert judgement of specially trained technical teams, on visual screening and on easily collected data, aimed to detect if, during the current seismic crisis, damaged buildings can be used, being reasonably safeguarded the human life. A) USABLE Building can be used without measures. Small damage, but negligible risk for human life. B) USABLE WITH Building is damaged, but can be used when short term countermeasures are taken COUNTERMEASURES C) PARTIALLY USABLE Only a part of the building can be safely used D) TEMPORARILY Building to be re-inspected. Unusable until the new UNUSABLE inspection. E) UNUSABLE Building can not be used due to high structural, non structural or geotechnical risk for human life. Not necessarily imminent risk of total collapse. F) UNUSABLE FOR Building could be used, but it cannot due the high risk caused by external factors (heavy damaged adjacent or EXTERNAL RISK facing buildings, possible rock falls, etc.)
POST-EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE/USABILITY ASSESSMENT Damage survey and safety assessment procedure PROCEDURE 1. citizen ask Mayor City Hall for survey HOUSES STRATEGIC BUILDINGS 2. Mayor gathers the CHURCHES & MONUMENTS requests and transmits to the Assessment result Assessment result Operative Center 4 3. Operative Center (OC) sends 1 technical teams 4. technicians assess Citizens’ request Survey Citizens’ request Survey damage & safety, report to Mayor and OC 5 2 3 5. Mayor decides on building evacuation and provisional O.C. Teams Mayor O.C. Teams Mayor intervention
POST-EVENT TIMETABLE OF TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES 2’ � EPICENTER AND Collecting and processing of MAGNITUDE seismometric network data by INGV 5’ EVALUATION 15’ SIMULATED DAMAGE Software simulation of the SCENARIOS AND DATA earthquake impact on constructions, � 60’ PROCESSING OF Collecting and processing of soil and MONITORING SYSTEMS strategic building accelerometric data 6 h � SITE SURVEYS FOR Site evaluation of Mercalli Intensity, MACROSEISMIC AND Geological surveys for landslides, 150 h COSEISMIC EFFECTS surface faulting and soil liquefaction 6 h � TEMPORARY Installing of temporary soil MONITORING OF SOIL accelerometric stations and 3 m AND STRUCTURES structure monitoring systems 24 h POST – EARTHQUAKE Building inspections for damage and DAMAGE AND SAFETY usability assessment. � 6 m ASSESSMENT Temporary houses.
POST-EMERGENCY ACTIVITIES S. GIULIANO DI PUGLIA - 2002 INSTALLATION OF TEMPORARY PREFABRICATED TIMBER HOUSES
OUTLINE 1.Premise 2. Organization of the Italian CP System 3. CP scopes and activities 4. Research projects with CP objectives 5. Conclusion
COMPETENCE CENTRES OF DPC • INGV (Seismic surveillance, Seismological research projects, Emergency technical support) • ReLUIS (Earthquake engineering research projects, Emergency technical support) • EUCENTRE (Earthquake engineering research projects, Emergency technical support) In the past three years, DPC research funds amounted to about 10 M€ / year
DPC-INGV Projects 2004-2007 Project S1 – – Project S1 Seism ic hazard hazard m aps m aps Seism ic Project S2 – – Project S2 Seism ogenic Seism ogenic potential potential Project S3 – – Project S3 Earthquake Scenarios Scenarios Earthquake Project S4 – – Project S4 Shakem aps Shakem aps
DPC-INGV Projects 2004-2006 Project S5 – – Project S5 Displacem ent Displacem ent spectra spectra Project S6 – – Project S6 Strong Motion Motion DataBase DataBase Strong Project SV – – Project SV Educational paths paths Educational for seism ic seism ic and and for volcanic risk risk volcanic
M. Dolce DPC-INGV–S1 Project 2004-06 � ag for different probabilities (Treturn) 63% T50 39% T100 22% T200 10% T475 5% T975 2% T2475
M. Dolce T=1.5s Hazard through through spectral spectral Hazard ordinates ordinates Project Project T=0.75s DPC- -INGV INGV– –S1 S1 DPC 2004- -06 06 2004 T=0.3s Tr = 4 7 5 anni Mediana
M. Dolce TECHNICAL CODE FOR CONSTRUCTIONS - -2008 2008 TECHNICAL CODE FOR CONSTRUCTIONS 3. Design actions actions 3. Design a g , F o and T* C values are drawn from response spectra of Project DPC- INGV-S1. Spettro di risposta 10%/50 anni ID 20979 (43.585, 13.49) The elastic spectral 50 percentile 0,6 shape is the same as 84 percentile 0,5 16 percentile EC8 and minimises the a g F 0 a g F NTC 08 0,4 0 differences with respect Se(T) (g) 0,3 to the uniform probability 0,2 spectra for several 0,1 exceedance probabilities a g a 0 g in 50 years. 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 T* C T* C T (sec)
Map of spectral displacement at 2 s, for 475 years return period and stiff soil (project DPC-INGV-S5) 16 percentile 50 percentile 84 percentile
2007-2009 DPC-INGV Agreement The 2007-2009 Agreement between the Dipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC) and the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) includes 5 Projects in Seismology funded by DPC with € 5 250 000 in two years. They are carried out with the contribution of the national and international scientific community.
S1 Analysis of the seismic potential in Italy for the evaluation of the seismic hazard Coordinators: S. Barba (INGV - RM1) and C. Doglioni (University of Roma "La Sapienza") DPC Tutors: D. Di Bucci and R. De Nardis The S1 project integrates instrumental and historical seismology, earthquake geology, off-fault/marine paleoseismology, earthquake geodesy, neotectonic models, and earthquake probabilities with the aim of determining the seismic hazard . 48 o N 45 o N 42 o N 39 o N 36 o N 0 o 5 o E 10 o E 15 o E 20 o E 25 o E
S2 Development of a dynamical model for seismic hazard assessment at national scale Coordinators: W. Marzocchi (INGV - BO) and E. Faccioli (Politecnico, Milano) DPC Tutors: F. Sabetta and A. Lucantoni The main objective of this project is to design, test and apply an open- source code for seismic hazard assessment (SHA) primarily suited for the needs of CP. Basically, the code should allow: 1. an easy updating of SHA, depending on the availability of new data and models, 2. the use of different scientific “ingredients”, 3. a formal evaluation of uncertainty in SHA, 4. a multi-parameter output.
Fast evaluation of parameters and effects of strong S3 earthquakes in Italy and in the Mediterranean Coordinators: A.Michelini (INGV - CNT) and A.Emolo (Univ. of Napoli “Federico II”) DPC Tutors: R. Giuliani and F. Bramerini Aimed at getting a fast, clear and objective assessment of the impact of an earthquake on the Italian territory, through shakemaps in terms of PGA, PGV, PSA and Modified Mercalli Intensities (MMI). The project addresses also the fast determination of the source parameters (earthquake hypocenter and size) and of the tsunamigenic potential for M > 6 earthquakes. Strong motion and broadband stations in Italy. Example of shakemaps for the Mugello M4.2 earthquake, 1th March 2008, 7:43 UTC.
Italian Strong Motion Database S4 Coordinators: F. Pacor (INGV - MI) and R. Paolucci (Politecnico, Milano) DPC Tutors: A. Gorini and A. De Sortis The new Italian strong-motion database contains 2182 three-component waveforms generated by 1004 earthquakes, with Mwmax 6.9 (1980 Irpinia earthquake). It can be accessed on-line at the site http://itaca.mi.ingv.it. The extension of the project is promoted, to update the data set up to 2008 and improve the seismic event and recording site metadata. New standard for site description
S5 High resolution multi-disciplinary monitoring of active fault test-sites areas in Italy Coordinators: L. Margheriti (INGV - CNT) and A. Zollo (University of Napoli "Federico II") DPC Tutors: Sandro Marcucci and Mario Nicoletti Aimed at supporting the ongoing research on three Italian test sites where advanced monitoring geophysical networks are available or under construction. The main general objective is to improve the understanding of earthquake generation processes in Italy and to define the seismic rates in the three selected test sites by developing and applying innovative methodologies to databanks gathered by multi- disciplinary geophysical networks.
RELUIS (Network of Eq. Engineering University Labs) Università di Napoli 2 DOF, Dual table system: Federico II AMRA 2 tables 3x3 mq, 20tx2,5m, 1.0 m/s 1 DOF , Large mass table: Università di Pavia 5x7 mq, 300tm, 1-1.5 m/s Eucentre L-shaped reaction wall Large reaction wall: Università della Basilicata Real Scale Pseudodynamic Tests Large reaction wall: Real Scale Università di Trento Pseudodynamic Tests 6 DOF: ENEA 4x4 mq, 20 t, 0.5 m/s UTS MAT
DPC-RELUIS Research Program 2005-2008 � 10 research projects � 127 Research Units in 40 Universities � More than 1000 researchers involved RELUIS Consortium Project Coordination RU Research Units
DPC-RELUIS Research Program 2005-2008 - Projects MAIN RESEARCH AREAS • Vulnerability of Existing Structures • Advanced Design Criteria • New Technologies on Risk Mitigation • Emergency Management
DPC-RELUIS Research Program 2005-2008 - Projects PRODUCTS • Proposals for seismic code improvement • Proposals for new norms • Guide-lines for innovative approaches • Handbooks and codes of practice • Advanced methods and procedures for seismic assessment and design • Data Bases
DPC-RELUIS Research Program 2005-2008 - Projects • VULNERABILITY OF EXISTING STRUCTURES : 1.Evaluation and reduction of the vulnerability of existing masonry buildings 2.Evaluation and reduction of the vulnerability of existing R/C buildings 3.Evaluation and reduction of the vulnerability of existing bridges
Characteristics and MASONRY BUILDINGS behaviour of masonry walls Seismic behaviour of complex buildings Models and analysis methods for masonry buildings
R/C CONSTRUCTIONS • Non-destructive methods for material characterisation • Calibration of confidence factors • Irregular buildings • Mixed structure (masonry-R/C) buildings • Influence of masonry infills • Stairs • Beam-column joints • Columns under biaxal flexure • Prefabricated structures
BRIDGES • Structural type classification • Assessment methods for different types • Retrofitting criteria: strengthening and isolation • Analysis and safety evaluation of abutments, retaining structures and foudations • Case studies of different types of bridge
DPC-RELUIS Research Program 2005-2008 - Projects • ADVANCED DESIGN CRITERIA : 4.Development of Displacement Based Approaches for design and vulnerability evaluation 5.Development of innovative design approaches for steel and steel-concrete structures 6.Innovative methods for the design of retaining structures and slope stability evaluation
DISPLACEMENT-BASED APPROACHES Defining principles and rules for the development of a code-model for design and safety evaluation of structures, in terms of displacements. A code-model and a wide variety of case-studies will be developed for several kinds of structures: • R/C frame, wall-frame and prefabricated structures • Masonry, timber, steel and composite new structures • New and existing bridges • Seimic isolated buildings and bridges • Retaining walls
STEEL AND COMPOSITE CONCRETE-STEEL STRUCTURES MEMBERS BRACES JOINTS INFILLS
GEOTECHNICAL PROBLEMS • Slope stability • Deep foundations • Urban tunnels and deep dig • Underground structures and tunnels
DPC-RELUIS Research Program 2005-2008 - Projects • NEW TECHNOLOGIES ON RISK MITIGATION : 7.Technologies for seismic isolation and control of structures and infrastructures 8.Advanced materials for the reduction of the vulnerability of existing structures
SEISMIC ISOLATION AND CONTROL • Seismic isolation design and devices • Energy dissipation • Tuned mass systems • Semi-active control 25 Magnitudo Sistema isolato (Funzione di trasferimento relativa allo spostamento degli isolatori) 20 Sistema isolato + TMD (Funzione di trasferimento relativa allo spostamento degli isolatori) Prima forma modale 15 T=1.83 sec ξ 1 =0.0188 Seconda forma modale 10 T=1.64 sec ξ 1 =0.0210 5 ω (rad/sec) 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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